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1、R单元阅读表达阅读下面短文并答复下列问题。(请注意问题后的词数要求)(一)模拟七The harmful effects on children were summed up last year in a report by the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. Problems begin early, as the infants of depressed mothers cry more than other babies. They have greater fear of strangers and less
2、tolerance for frustration. Starting in preschool and across all stages of childhood, they have more behavior problems at school and higher rates of depression and anxiety disorders. By adolescence, children with depressed parents have poorer social relations than the teens of parents _， and theyre m
3、ore likely to be dependent on alcohol and drugs. Depression in parents also is linked to more behavior problems at school and higher rates of depression and anxiety disorders, according to studies in the report. And some harmful effects of growing up with a depressed parent appear to remain into adu
4、lthood. A 20year study on kids of depressed parents found that those with depressed parents suffered about three times the rate of anxiety disorders and depression by their 30s, and they were in poorer health than peers and much more likely to be dependent on drugs and alcohol. The study, believed t
5、o be the longest ever done, was published in the American Journal of Psychiatry in . These effects may not only be longlasting but also farreaching. Serious depression affects about one in five American parents, and 15.6 million children live with an adult who has had major depression in the last ye
6、ar. As the knowledge about the effects of parental depression has grown, there is also too much research into how to fight those effects. Studies suggest, for example, that changing destructive parenting practices and teaching children good coping strategies can make a big, positive difference in ki
7、ds.1What is mainly talked about in the text? (no more than 10 words)_2Why is there too much research being conducted on how to prevent those bad effects？(no more than 12 words)_3Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)_4List three negative effects of parental depres
8、sion on children. (no more than 20 words)_5What does the word “those(Line 3, Paragraph 3) probably refer to？(no more than 2 words)_1The harmful effects on children of depressed parents.本文主要谈论受压抑父母对孩子的有害影响及怎样教会这些孩子抗拒这些不利影响。2Because the knowledge about the effects of parental depression has grown.3who
9、 arent depressed根据前后文理解，应该是“受压抑父母的孩子比不受压抑父母的孩子的社会关系要差。4Greater fear of strangers. /Less tolerance for frustration./ More behavior problems at school./ Higher rates of depression and anxiety disorders. /Dependence on alcohol and drugs.根据短文的第三段可知，以上几项都是受压抑父母对孩子的负面影响。答复时任选3项即可。5Kids.(二)模拟一Instant messa
10、ging is of great help most of the time and that is why I always try to turn it on.However，instant messaging is a waste at some points when you cannot really chat(聊天) much, so I try not to use it too much.Personally，I close windows when the person does not reply within 510 minutes.Sometimes conversat
11、ions(交流)stop all of a sudden when both parties do not know what to say.I think it is not rude at all to close the conversation on that condition.I hardly use “spare offline with MSN，but I do use the status(状态)mode with QQ when I would like to see who is online but not want to talk to anyone.I cannot
12、 stand it when people go offline without saying any thing in the middle of a conversation. Especially when they do it all the time or when they say “hi， expecting you to make a conversation but hardly say a few words.I also feel rather bad at these whose status is forever on “awayor “busy even if th
13、ey are really not.I also hate the person who takes extremely long time to reply when he/she was one who started the conversation in the first place.He or she expects me _，but when I did，they remained silent forever.I dislike people who always think you can have a chat with them when I clearly show m
14、y status to be “busySo, if you do not reply within 510 minutes, as you are busy，please answer it. If you are going to give a slow reply, please say it! Do not leave people hanging.1What is the general idea of the passage？(no more than 13 words)_2Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words or
15、phrases.(no more than 10 words)_3When can we stop online talking according to the author? (no more than 8 words)_4What does “it refer to in the third paragraph? (no more than 15 words)_5What advice does the author give as we are busy in the last paragraph？(no more than 6 words) _1Several tiring beha
16、ves online and how to deal with this situation.本文主要谈论在线谈话的几种烦人的行为。2to give them a quick reply/to answer them immediately根据句意理解，当别人与我开始谈话时一定是期望我及时答复，但是当我答复时，他或她却保持沉默。 3When both parties have nothing to say.根据第二段信息句Sometimes conversations stop all of a sudden when both parties do not know what to say.
17、 可知。4That people go offline without a word in the middle of a conversation.it 在这里是形式宾语，后面的从句才是真正的宾语。故指的是“人们在谈话中不打招呼突然离线。5Just say it honestly.从段意理解得知作者建议我们在忙的时候就坦白地说出来。(三)模拟三The worlds first subway was built in London in 1863. At the time, the government was looking for a way to reduce traffic probl
18、ems in the city of London. The poor areas of the city were _ with people that it was almost impossible for horse carriages (the taxis of those days) to get around. The city officials were interested in trying to make it possible for workers to live outside of London and travel easily to work each da
19、y. If people had a cheap and convenient way that they could depend on to get to and from work, they would settle down their homes outside of the city. This would help ease the pressure of too many people living in the poor parts of London. From these problems, the idea of the London Underground, the
20、 first subway system, was born. The plans for building the Underground met with several problems and delays, but the first track was finally opened in January 1863. A steam train pulled the cars along the first underground track which was six kilometers (3.7 miles) long. About 30,000 people got on t
21、he subway the first day. Riders were treated to comfortable seats (standing up while the train was moving was not allowed) and pleasant decorations inside each of the cars. However, the smoke from the engine soon filled the air in the tunnels with ash and soot, as well as chemical gases. Fans had to
22、 be put in the tunnels later to keep the air clean enough for people to breathe. Even with its problems, riding the Underground did become popular. It carried nine million riders in its first year.Modern subways have come a long way since the early days of the London Underground. Today there are 94
23、large underground rapid transit systems around the world. The busiest of these subway systems is the Tokyo Metro which opened in 1927. This efficient subway has two billion riders per year, and “pushers work on the platforms during busy traffic hours to help push riders onto trains. At times, subway
24、 cars have been packed with up to 300 people! Shopping malls built in high traffic stations where riders move from one train to another have also helped the popularity of subways in Tokyo. Stations like the famous Ginza Sugo Eki Ginza Consolidated Station include underground department stores, super
25、markets, restaurants, and specialty shops. Shoppers never have to go above ground!1What is the best title of this passage？(no more than 5 words)_2Fill in the blank according to the first paragraph. (no more than 3 words)_3What does the author say in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)_4What
26、did people love to do, though there were such problems？(no more than 5 words)_5What does “This efficient subway refer to in the third paragraph? (no more than 5 words)_1Subway then and now.全文是介绍以前和现在的地铁情况。2so crowded从前后文理解，是因为拥挤和交通阻塞才导致地铁运输的产生。3Shoppers can buy what they want in underground malls.根据
27、第三段段意可知。4Take subways.从第二段后半局部理解，即使有许多的问题，人们还是乐于乘地铁。5The Tokyo Metro subway system.联系前文理解，世界上最繁忙的铁路系统是Tokyo Metro铁路系统，每年有约20亿乘客。这里指的是Tokyo Metro铁路系统。(四)模拟一The research, which followed 200 students for four years indicates that women consistently outperformed men in their studies even though they had
28、 started their courses with almost identical Alevel grades.An analysis of the results showed that while 65 percent of female graduates were awarded, only 35 percent of male graduates did as well. Girls are known to outperform boys at school, but this research showed that the trend continued at unive
29、rsity.Fiona Smith who led the research said, “The research shows that the difference has something to do with schools in general.“It also shows something _ for working women in terms of pay and promotion. Women work harder at school, harder at university, and do better at both, but they still receiv
30、e less pay.The research found that female students were more faithful, less likely to miss lectures, and more likely to believe that their marks reflected their abilities than male students. Female students were also more likely to ask for and receive support from their professors.Women were also mo
31、re likely to choose their universities because they liked the courses offered.In contrast, men were likely than women to miss lectures due to “other affairs and “laziness， and to believe that playing sports was an important part of university life.Generally, people think that womens success comes fr
32、om more emphasis on coursework, but the research showed that female geographers at Brunel did better in their exams than in their coursework.Dr Smith said, “Most women feel that getting grades is the most important part of university life. They believe that they need to work harder in order to compe
33、te in the maledominated environment they will encounter at work. Good grades are viewed as an insurance policy for success. Men, on the other hand, prefer going out and playing sports to academic work. This research shows how important it is to get all young people working hard and teach them the va
34、lue of higher education.1What is the main idea of this passage? (no more than 13 words)_2What would men like to do according to the last paragraph？(no more than 5 words)_3Please fill in the blank in the forth paragraph. (no more than 2 words)_4What does the result of this research show us? (no more
35、than 15 words)_5What does “They refer to in the last paragraph? (no more than 2 words)_1Subway then and now.全文是介绍以前和现在的地铁情况。2so crowded从前后文理解，是因为拥挤和交通阻塞才导致地铁运输的产生。3Shoppers can buy what they want in underground malls.根据第三段段意可知。4Take subways.从第二段后半局部理解，即使有许多的问题，人们还是乐于乘地铁。5The Tokyo Metro subway syste
36、m.联系前文理解，世界上最繁忙的铁路系统是Tokyo Metro铁路系统，每年有约20亿乘客。这里指的是Tokyo Metro铁路系统。1A research about the differences between the male and female university students.本文主要介绍一项有关男女大学生的不同特点的研究。2Going out and playing sports.根据最后一段信息句Men prefer going out and playing sports to academic work可知，男生喜欢体育活动，而不喜欢学术性的课程。3inequit
37、able/unfair下文提到女性在学习和工作中比男性更加努力， 也做得更好，然而获得的报酬却比男性少。显然这里显示的是“不公平。4Working hard is very important and the young should value the higher education.从最后一段可知，研究结果显示，年轻人应该努力学习且要重视高等教育。5Most women.联系前文理解，大多数女性认为获得好的成绩是大学生活最重要的方面，她们相信只有自己更加努力地工作才能在男人主宰的环境中去竞争。这里指的是“大多数女人。(五)模拟五Eating disorder is very common
38、 now. “When I first wrote about this, the problem was pretty much hidden I didnt expect it to get as bad as it is. Susie Orbach, an international authority on eating disorders, said.Orbach must at times think the antidiet message of her book “Fat is a Feminist Issue(女权主义问题) has been lost since it wa
39、s written more than 20 years ago.Girls, boys, old people even the famously well rounded female population of Fiji are falling victims(牺牲品) to fat fear.“If anything, the situation has got much, much worse. We now have kids as young as eight and women in old peoples homes worried about the way they lo
40、ok. Orbach said.Even though it has been proved that repeated dieting results in a little more than regaining most of the lost weight, constant dieting has become a way of life for many women. 48 percent of British women aged 25 to 35 were on some kind of diet and 20 percent of young women dieted all
41、 or most of time. Some of them said they would pop a pill to give them their beautiful shape, even if it meant risking their health. Worldwide, 70 million people have an eating disorder. Most are women, but men are increasingly affected, too.More than half the women and two thirds of the men in Brit
42、ain weigh too much, while in the United States more than one quarter of adults and about one in five children are overweight. The idea that female beauty is a very thin body could be changed, if clothing factories and magazines showed images(形象) of women of all shapes instead of selecting skeletalli
43、ke models and stickthin actress.But that is easier said than done.To get the message across, Orbach is also considering talking to pop stars such as Victoria Beckham and Geri Halliwell, both of whom have admitted_.1Whats the best title of the passage？(no more than 2 words)_2What has a lot of women chosen to do although they know they wil