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1、初二英语直接引语和间接引语及宾语从句实验版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：直接引语和间接引语及宾语从句二、教学重点 直接引语和间接引语及宾语从句三、本讲重点知识讲解：直接引语与间接引语复习要点 一、概念： 直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语。直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号。直接引语变为间接引语时,多数情况下构成宾语从句或复合宾语。如:直接引语: He often says, “China is great.间接引语: He often says that China is great. (二) 直接引语转化成间接引语：1. 如何变人称： 下面有一句顺
2、口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称做相应变化。如：She said, “My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾是指直接引语变间接引语时，假设从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称。如：He said to Kate. “How is your sister now?
3、 He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如：Mr Smith said, “Jack is a good worker. Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。 2. 如何变时态： 直接引语在变为间接引语时，时态需要作相应的调整。 1 一般现在时变为一般过去时 2 现在进行时变为过去进行时 3 一般将来时变为过去将来时 4 现在完成时变为过去完成时 5 一般过去时变为过去完成时 6 过去完成时不变，
4、仍为过去完成时 现在时态需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时态；过去完成时态那么保存原来的时态。如： 1) She said, “I have lost a pen. She said she had lost a pen.2) She said, “We hope so.She said they hoped so. 3) She said, “He will go to see his friend. She said he would go to see his friend.但要注意在以下几种情况下，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 直接引语是客观真理。 “The earth m
5、oves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.直接引语是过去进行时时，时态不变。如：Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?Jack asked John where he was going when he met h
6、im in the street.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Xiao Wang said, “I was born on April 2l, 1980.Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21, 1980.直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语时，时态不变。如： He said, “I get up at six every morning. He said he gets up at six every morning.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式例：ought
7、to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，例：could, should, would, might时态不变。如： Peter said, “You had better come here today. Peter said I had better go there that day.3. 如何变状语： 直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在改为“原来例：now变为then, yesterday变为 the day before；地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或由指示代词修饰的状语，由“此改为“彼例：this 改为that),如： He sa
8、id, “These books are mine. He said those books were his. 4. 如何变句型： 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, “Can you swim, John?He asked John if
9、he could swim. “You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. “Do you go to school by bus or by bike? he asked.He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. 直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。 She asked me, “W
10、hen do they have their dinner? She asked me when they had their dinner. 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等) sb. (not) to do sth.句型。如： “Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. “Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.She asked him to
11、 bring her a cup of tea. 5如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，那么间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来的时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时态，间接引语中的动词时态按以下变化： 注意 1 如果直接引语表示客观真理，变为间接引语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如： The teacher said “The earth goes round the sun.The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 2 如果直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如： He said to
12、 me, “I was born in 1973.He told me that he was born in 1973. (3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接引语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如： He said, “Im a boy, not a girl.He said that he is a boy ,not a girl. (4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯的动作，在变为间接引语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如： The girl said, “I get up at six every morning.The girl said that
13、 she gets up at six every morning. (5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时那么不变。如： He said to me, “I have taught English since he came here.He told me that he had taught English since he came here. (6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, shou
14、ld, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如： The teacher said to me, “You must pay more attention to your pronunciation.The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation. He said, “I could swim when I was only six. He said that he could swim when he was only six. 做相应的变化。 指示代词
15、 this -that these- those 表示时间的词 now then today that day this week(month ,etc) that week (month ,etc) yesterday the day before last week(month) the week(month) before three days(a year)agothree days(a year)before tomorrow the next (following ) day next week(month)the next(following)week(month) 表地点的词
16、here there 动词 bring take come go 【典型例题】1. Our teacher asked us _ our dictionaries to school.A. bring B. brought C. brings D. to bring2. The teacher told the boy students _ football on the grass.A. not play B. not to play C. played D. playing3. _ Tom didnt go to school?A. Do you know how B. Why do yo
17、u know C. How you know why D. Do you know why4. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _ that prevents her from being as happy as before?A. what it is B. it is what C. how it is D. it is how5. Betty asked her sister _ to the railway station to see her off.A. not to come B. not to go C. to not come
18、D. to not go6. The pupil asked his teacher _ round the earth.A. weather the moon goes B. that the moon wentC. whether the moon goes D. whether the moon went7. Mr. Li _ Wang Ling _ a taxi to the airport.A. asked; take B. asked; taking C. told; take D. told; to take8. She asked him _.A. whose dictiona
19、ry this is B. whose dictionary that wasC. whose dictionary is this D. whose dictionary that is9. Marys mother asked her _.A. that whether she had finished her homework B. if she has finished her homeworkC. if she had finished her homework D. that if she had finished her homework10. Do you know _?A.
20、what is he doing B. what he doing C. what he is doing D. what does he do now11. I dont know _ to learn English.A. when did he begin B. when he began C. he when began D. when he begins12. He asked me _.A. how would the weather be like tomorrow B. what the weather would be like the next dayC. how the
21、weather would be like tomorrow D. what would the weather be like the next day13. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Spring Festival presents.A. how excited they were B. how excited were theyC. how they were excited D. they were how excited14. She told me that she _ by her relatives at
22、the bus stop.A. had been seen off B. have seen off C. have been seen off D. had seen off15. Do you remember how many times _ to Australia?A. had you been B. did you go C. have you been D. you have been16. Can you guess _?A. what is that man B. who that man is C. whom that man is D. who is that man17
23、. More and more students and teachers have began to know _.A. how important the foreign language are B. how the foreign language is importantC. how important the foreign language is D. how important is the foreign language18. The hostess said that it _ time that they _ supper.A. was; had B. was; had
24、 had C. is; have D. is; have had19. The boss asked his secretary _ he had finished typing the report _.A. if; or not B. if; not C. whether; or not D. whether; not20. I wonder how much _.A. does he spend on his car B. did he spend on his carC. he spent on his car D. he spent in his car【模拟试题】答题时间：80分钟
25、I. 请选出正确的答案： 1. Where was Alices sister? I dont know where _. A. was Alices sisterB. Alices sister was C. is Alices sisterD. Alices sister is2. What did he say? I dont know what _. A. did he say B. he saysC. he has saidD. he said3. I dont know _. A. the reason why can be B. why the reason may be C.
26、what the reason can be D. what the reason may be4. Is Mr. Wu from Beijing? I dont know _. A. where does he come from B. from where does he come C. which city he comes from D. what city he comes from5. Can you make sure _? A. that he will come here today B. when he will come here today C. will he com
27、e here today D. whether will he come here today6. Do you happen to know _? A. where is her address B. in which place is her address C. what her address is D. the place her address is7. Excuse me, but can you tell me _? A. where can I get to the library B. where I can get to the library C. how can I
28、get to the library D. how I can get to the library8. John asked me _ to visit his uncles farm with him. A. how would I like B. if or not would I like C. whether I would like D. which I would like9. Id like to know _ Chinese. A. when he began to learn B. when did he begin to learn C. when did he begi
29、n learning D. for how long he began to learn10. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If11. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come12. Could you te
30、ll me _ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where13. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended14. I want to know _. A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she
31、 is looking after15. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live16. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves17. I dont know _. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old
32、 are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are18. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings19. I cant understand _. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Chri
33、stmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means. 句型变换，每空一词：1. “I never eat meat. he said. 改为间接引语He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet. he said to me. 改为间接引语He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me. she said. 改为间接引语She said that _ _ _ it home with her.
34、4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west. 改为间接引语The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday. he said to me. 改为间接引语He _ me that he _ met her the day _.6. “You must come here before five. he said.改为间接引语He said that I _ to
35、go _ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago. he said. 改为间接引语He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.8. “Did you see her last week? he said. 改为间接引语He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim. 改为间接引语He _ Jim that he _ sit there.10. He asked, “How did you find it,
36、 mother? 改为间接引语He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days? he asked. 改为间接引语He asked me _ _ _been _ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives? he asked. 改为间接引语He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Stop making so much noise, children. he said. 改为间接引语He _ the children _ _ making s
37、o much noise.14. “Dont tell him the news. she said. 改为间接引语She told me _ _ _ him the news. 15. “Are you interested in this? he said. 改为间接引语He _ _ I was interested in _.16. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?合并句子 Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China?17. “Does the girl n
38、eed any help? he asked me.变为复合句 He asked me _ the girl _ some help18. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.合并为一个句子 _ Jim _Tom is a student.19. When does the train leave? I want to know.改为含宾语从句的复合句 I want to know _ the train _.20. They went home after they had finished their homework. (
39、用notuntil改写) They _ go home _ they had finished their homework21. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句) Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday. 将以下句子变为间接引语： 1. “You should be more careful next time, his father said to him.2. Mr. Wang said, “I will leave for Shangh
40、ai on business next month, children.3. “I havent heard from my parents these days, said Mary.4. The geography teacher said to us, “The moon moves around the earth and the earth goes round the sun.5. She said to him, “Its time that you left here.6. Zhang Hong said to me, “Doctor Wang passed away in 1
41、948.7. John said to his parents, “I had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.8. The history teacher said to them, “The Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1st, 1921.9. He said, “Are you a student?10. “Have you anything interesting I can read, George? she said.11. “Shes here to a
42、sk for help, isnt she? he asked.12. “Where are you going? the father asked his son.13. “Are you sorry for what you have done? the mother asked the naughty boy.14. She said, “Did you meet this man at the station two hours ago, Mr. Li?15. “Write your names on your papers first, the teacher said to us.
43、16. “Please come here again tomorrow, her friend said to her.17. “Let me pack the parcel for you, he said.18. “Dont make so much noise in class, boys and girls, said the teacher.19. “What a lovely day it is!20. “Happy New Year to you! he said.IV. 完形填空：A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night. They _1_ the lights, pull up the covers and close their eyes. After they sleep for six or seven _2_, they wake up again. It soun