2022年英语语法—形容词副词比较级最高级讲解 .pdf

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1、学习必备欢迎下载形容词和副词的比较级、最高级讲解一、分类:形容词和副词有原级、比较级、最高级三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化 和不规则变化 两种。1、规则变化1). 一般在词尾直接加 er 或 est ,例如, tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest 2). 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的单词在词尾直接加r 或 st ,例如,nice-nicer-nicest 3). 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的词,把 y 变为 i ,再加 er 或 est ,例如,heavy-heavier-heaviest 4). 重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,

2、再加er 或est ,例如, big-bigger-biggest 5) . 部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和 most 构成最高级,例如, slowly-more slowly-most slowly;beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful 2、不规则变化二、形容词,副词等级的用法(1) 讲述某人 / 物自身的情况时 , 用原级。基本句型是:主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词+ (very/too/so/quite/rather) + 形容词 /副词原级+.原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best 最好的well

3、 好;( 身体) 好的, bad,badly 糟糕的, 糟糕地worse 更糟糕的 , 更糟糕地;(身体) 更不舒服的worst最糟糕的 , 最糟糕地;( 身体)最不舒服的ill(身体)不舒服的many许多的 ( 可数) more更多的;更most 最多的;最much 许多的 (不可数 ) ;非常little少的less 更少的least 最少的far 远的;远地farther更远的;更远地farthest最远的;最远地further进一步的 ( 地) furthest最深刻的 ( 地) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共

4、6 页学习必备欢迎下载如:He is very old now.(他现在很老了 ) / They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快 ) / The weather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟 ) / I am so happy!( 我是如此的快乐 ) 表示两者之间没有差别时, 使用句型:主语( 第一个人物 ) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +.如:He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋 )/ Lily rode her bike as slowly

5、as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多) 表示第一个人比不上第二个人时, 使用句型:主语(第一个人物 ) + 谓语动词( 否定式 ) + as / so + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +.如:He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.他没他妹妹那么兴奋 Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. 莉莉骑车不

6、像老太太那样慢They didn t pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). 他们摘的苹果不如农民多(2) 讲述两者有差异 , 第一个人物超过第二个人物时, 用比较级 。基本句型:主语(A)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词 / 副词比较级+than+第二个人物 (B)+.如: A modern train is much faster than a car.现代的火车比轿车快多了。This book didnt cost me more than that one.这本书花费我的钱不比那本多。讲述两者

7、有差异 , 第一个人物不及第二个人物时, 用比较级。句型是:主语(A) + 谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形 / 副) 比较级 + than + 第二个人物(B) + .如: I think English is less difficult than maths.我认为英语不比数学难Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?你认为学外语不那么重要吗?(3) 讲述某人 / 物是一群之中最突出的一个时, 用最高级 。句型是:主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词 / 副词最高级+in / of

8、.如: The Changjiang River is the longest in China.长江是中国最长的河流 He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).三个男生中他跳得最高具体用法:一)、原级的用法1. 只能修饰原级的词, very ,quite ,so,too 例如, He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结

9、 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页学习必备欢迎下载2. 原级常用的句型结构(1) “甲 +be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级 +as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”例如, Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。“甲+实意动词 +(倍数)+as+副词原级 +as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”例如, Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈

10、克的二倍。(2) “甲 +be+not+as/so+ 形容词原级 +as+乙”甲不如乙例如, This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。“甲+助动词 +not+动词原形 +as/so+副词原级 +as+乙”甲不如乙例如,He doesnt walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。二)、比较级的用法1. 可以修饰比较级的词, much ,a lot ,far ,的多 a little,a bit ,一点儿。even 甚至, still仍然例如, Lesson One is much easier than Less

11、on Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。2. 比较级常用的句型结构(1) “甲 +be+(倍数)+形容词比较级 +than+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙几倍”。例如, Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。“甲+实意动词 +(倍数)+副词比较级 +than+乙”表示

12、“甲比乙”或“甲比乙几倍”。例如, I got up earlier than my mother this morning. 我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。(2) “甲 +be+形容词比较级 +than+any other+ 单数名词 (+介词短语 )”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/ 物都”,含义是“甲最”。例如, The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. =The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河

13、都长。=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China. 长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页学习必备欢迎下载长江是中国最长的河流。(3) “甲 +be+the+形容词比较级 +ofthetwo+ ”表示“甲是两者中较的”。例如, Look at the two boys.My brother is the taller

14、of the two. 看那两个男孩,我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。(4) “比较级 +and+比较级”表示“越来越”。例如, He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。(5) “the+比较级, the+比较级”表示“越,越”。例如, The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes youll make.你越认真,犯的错误越少。(6) “特殊疑问词 +be+形容词比较级,甲or 乙?”例如, Which is bigge

15、r,the earth or the moon?哪一个大,地球还是月球?三)、最高级常用句(1) “主语 +be+the+形容词最高级 +单数名词 +in/of短语”表示“是中最的”。例如, Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students. 汤姆是他们班上 / 所有学生当中最高的。This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。“主语 +实意动词 +(the)+ 副词最高级 +单数名词 +in/of短语”表示“是中最的”。例如, I jump (the) farthest in my

16、 class.我是我们班跳得最远的。(2) “主语 +be+oneofthe+ 形容词最高级 +复数名词 +in/of短语”表示“是中最之一”。例如, Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。(3) “特殊疑问词 +be+the+最高级 +甲,乙, or 丙?”用于三者以上的比较。例如, Which country is the largest,China,Brazil or Canada?哪一个国家最大,中国,巴西还是加拿大?“特殊疑问词 +be+the+副词最高级 +甲,乙,or 丙?”用于三者以上的比较例如, W

17、hich season do you like (the) best ,spring ,summer or autumn?你最喜欢哪一个季节,春天,夏天还是秋天?关于比较等级的重要注释:1、 如果动词是及物或不及物动词, 则后面用副词; 如果后面是连系动词 , 则后面精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页学习必备欢迎下载用形容词 。如: This car is the fastest of the four.(形容词 ) 这辆汽车是四辆之中最快的This car runs (the) fastest of the fou

18、r.(副词 ) 这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的2、 “比较级 +and+比较级”表示“越来越” 。如:The weather is getting warmer and warmer.天越来越温暖了3、 “the+比较级 ,the+ 比较级”表示“越就越” 。如: The more trees we plant,the better it will be.我们栽的树越多, 情况就会越好 The harder you try,the greater your progress is.你越是努力 , 进步就越大4、一般的形容词或副词的比较级前面可加much/a little/even/still,而

19、表数量的 more之前还可以加 some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等。如:It is much colder today than yesterday.今天比昨天冷多了Would you like some more coffee? 你还要些咖啡吗?5、more than / less than分别可以理解为“多于/ 少于” , 相当于副词 ,more than=over; less than=under. 如: I lived in New York for more than four months.我在纽约生活了四个多月6、 “on

20、e of the +最高级 +名词( 复数) ”整个短语为单数含义 , 谓语用单数形式。如:One of the oldest houses has been burnt in a fire. 最古老的一幢房子在一场大火中被烧毁了7、 “Which / Who+ 动词+形/ 副, , or?”句型中 , 如果有两个选项 , 形/ 副用比较级 , 如果有三个选项 , 形/ 副用最高级。如:Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei? 林涛和韩梅谁的书最多? Which is the heaviest,a pig,a horse or an elephant? 猪

21、、马、象哪个最重?8、上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示两个事物的词时 , 用比较级 , 而且往往还要加the ;含有 all/none/no one/ every 等表示三个或三个以上事物时 , 用最高级。如: -Do you like the smaller one?Neither.小一点的那个你喜欢吗?一个都不喜欢-Which do you like best? All of them!你最喜欢哪个?全部。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页学习必备欢迎下载练习:1.Wh

22、at a _ cough !You seem_ill. A.terrible,terribly B.terribly,terrible C.terrible,terrible D.terribly,terribly 2.I feel even_now. A.bad B.well C.worse D.worst 3.She was very happy. She ran_of all the runners. A.fastest B.the quickest C.slowest D.quickly 4.Keep quiet,please.Its_noisy here.A.many too B.t

23、oo many C.much too D.too much 5.Have you _ spoken to a foreigner ?No,_. A.already,never B.ever,never C.yet,already D.ever,ever 6.He is taller than_in his class. A.any boy B.any C.any other boy D.some other boys 7.I ll go and visit you _ next week.A.sometime B.sometimes C.some times D.some time 8.The

24、 car is running_.It seems to be flying. A.more and faster B.more and fast C.fast and fast D.faster and faster 9.English is as _ as Chinese.You should learn it well. A.important B.more important C.the most important D.much more important 10.Music is not so useful as science.Its _ useful than science.

25、A.fewer B.less C more D.a lot 11.Weve never heard of_story before.A.such a strange B.such strange C.so a strange D.so strange 12.You must wear glasses.They can keep your eyes_. A.soft B.safe C.safely D.safety 13.Pass my glasses to me ,Jack.I can_read the words in the newspaper. A.hardly B.really C c

26、learly D.rather 14.Three years _ ,he become a driver. A.late B.later C.lately D.more lately 15.He is _ enough to carry the heavy box. A.stronger B.much stronger C.strong D.the strongest 16.I bought _ exercise-books with_money. A.a few,a few B.a few,a little C.a little,a few D.a little,a little 17.Th

27、e box is _ heavy for the girl_carry. A.too,to B.to,too C.so,that D.no,to 18.Do you have _ to tell us ?A.something new B.new something C.anything new D.new anything 19.Do you think the fish tastes_ ?She cooked it_ ,Ithink. A good,good B well ,good C well,well D good,well 20.She played the piano_than we had thought. A.successful B.successfully C.more successful D.more successfully 参考答案1-5:ACACB6-10:CADAB 11-15:ABABC16-20:BACDD 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页

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