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1、省高中英语 语法专题复习4形容词和副词一、考点聚焦1、形容词、副词的作用与位置形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词那么用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记；1形容词短语作定语，定语后置。a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high2表语形容词afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、
2、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad。3用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：I have something important to tell you.4else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。5enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。6几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式地点时间。如：We had a good time together out
3、doors last Sunday.7频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。8副词作定语，定语后置。如：The person there is waiting for you.9几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语The、A+ 描绘性形容词 + size大小+ shape形状+ age年龄、时间+ color颜色+ origin国籍、来源+ material材料+ purpose目的+ 名词。如：a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,the mans first tow interesting little r
4、ed French oil paitings10以-ly结尾的词性辨析。以下单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。表愿意无-ly和引申意(有-ly)的副词：deep深 wide宽广 high高 low位置低deeply深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 lowly地位卑微有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：dead完全，绝对be dead asleep deadly非常be deadly tired pretty相当be pretty cer
5、tain that prettily漂亮地be prettily dressedclose近Dont sit close. closely密切地Watch closely! late晚、迟arrive late, come late lately最近I havent seen him lately(recently). 2、复合形容词的构成1形容词 + 名词 + edkind-hearted好心的，white-haired白发的(2)形容词 + 形容词red-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝的3形容词 + 现在分词good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的4副词 + 现在分
6、词hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的5副词 + 过去分词hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的6名词 + 形容词life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的7名词 + 现在分词peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的8名词 + 过去分词snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的9数词 + 名词 + edfour-storeyed 4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的10数词 + 名词名词用单数ten-year 10年的,two-man两人的3、形容词和副词的比拟等级1原级的构成和用
7、法。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as的结构；表示一方是另一方的假设干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as的结构。如：Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so (as)high as that one.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .This room is three times
8、 as large as that one.He works even harder than before.注意：英语的比拟级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较或“一些或不译出，一般不可有“更。如：She is better than she was yesterdayPlease come earlier tomorrow.另注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比拟级时，一般放在比拟级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the。如：He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of th
9、e two brothers.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比拟级主语 + 谓语，the + 比拟级主语 + 谓语的结构意为“越越。如：The harder he works, the happier he feels.不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比拟级 + and + 比拟级的结构。如：The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beautiful.某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比拟时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior劣等的，次的、superior
10、较好的，优于、junior资历较浅的、senior资格较老的、prior在之前等。He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.在比拟从句中为了防止重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made
11、 of wood.倍数表达法。AA is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大高。The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍高三倍。BA is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。CA is three (four,
12、 etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的比我们的大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.(4)最高级的用法。三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比拟范围的介词短语。如：Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class.最高级可被序数词以及much、by far
13、、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如：This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.How much did the secon most expensive hat cost?表示“最高程度的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比拟级。形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词
14、、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。如：He is the tallest(boy)in his class.作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如：Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比拟，表示“非常。如：He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)The film is most interesting.(most=very)表示两者间“较的一个比拟级前加the。如：w
15、ho is the older of the tow boys?在“the + 比拟级，the + 比拟级结构中。在same前一般要加the。有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。6由as / so组成的形容词或副词短语。 as much as + 不可数名词数量。Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.as many as + 可数名词数量 多达I have as a many as sixteen referrence b
16、ooks.as early as早在As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.as far as远到；就而知论We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.As far as I know就我所知，he has been there before.may (might, could)as well不妨、不如Then you might as well stay with us here.as as can be到了最的程度，极其They are as
17、 unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。as as one canHe began to run, as fast as he could.as as possibleJust get them to finish up as quickly as possible.(7)几组重要的词语辨析。very 和much的区别。A可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。(B)表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情况下，以
18、-ing、-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jacks attitude。(C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exicting。Dtoo前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 Theres
19、far too little opportunity for adventue these days.Weve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.E关于原级形容词要记住以下固定的修饰结构：a修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等。b修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone, very much
20、 alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。(c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold / frightening。so that 与such that 的区别。so + 形容词 / 副词 + that so + 形容词 + an+ 单数可数名词 + that so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 +
21、 that such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that 注意：以下结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少的词修饰时，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但当little表示“小时用such。如：These are such little boys that they cant dress themselves.以下so的用法是错误的：so a diffcult problem,so dif
22、ficult problems, so hot weather。其他几组词的辨析。Aago、before:ago表示以现在为起点的“以前；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前。泛指“以前用before而不用ago。Balready、yet、still:already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。(C)too、also、either:too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否认句。(D)good、well:与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好，也
23、作副词修饰动词。(E)quick、fast:作形容词皆表“快。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思。quick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。(F)real、true:形容词表“真的。real强调真实存在的而不是梦想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。(G)hard、difficult:均表“困难，但hard通常指体力上困难；difficult那么指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。 %二、精典名题导解选择填空1. It is generally believed that teaching is _it i
24、s a science.NMET A.an art much as B.much an art asC.as an art much as D.as much an art as解析：答案为D。此题可从考查形容词的同级比拟点入手。在同级比拟asas句式中，如果as后面的形容词作定语且其所修饰的名词前有不定冠词时，该冠词须置于形容词之后，即形成“as + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + as结构。这道题在名词专题中也有解析，不同的是观察视角不同，应注意培养发散思维。2. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, _if
25、you dont speak the language.(NMET )解析：答案为D。此题考查副词的词义辨析。注意掌握词语的准确含义，结合语境进行分析。A项意为“极端地；B项意为“自然地；C项“根本上；D项“尤其，特别地。根据句意“如果你不会讲它的语言，在国外你就总会困难重重可知答案。3. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _known for his plays.(NMET 1998)A.the best B.more C.better D.the most解析：答案为C。此题考查副词的比拟级和最高级。要把握句
26、式之间的联系，抓住句子的隐藏信息，结合语境进行分析。根据句意，句中but后应有一词组be well known for。同时，应注意到前后两个分句把professor White的短篇小说和戏剧进行了比照，故应用well的比拟级。解析：答案为A。此题考名词前置定事的排序。多个词同时作前置定语时，排列规律一般是：代词性定语+冠/指示/物主/所有格+数词先序后基+形容词+国籍/材料/用途形容词或名词或动名词+被修饰的名词，其中数个形容词同时出现时，多用以下顺序：性质+大小+形状+新旧+颜色，有时也要看与名词的密切关系，越密切，越靠近名词。按上文所述，wooden表材料，放在最后，white 表颜色，放在little之后，应选A。6.That doesnt sound very frightening, Paul. Ive seen . What did you like most about the film?A. better B. worse C. best D. worst解析：答案为B。考查比拟级的用法，由句意可知，我还见过比frightening更糟的，应选B。