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1、本科毕业设计外文文献及翻译 本科毕业设计 外文文献及译文 文献、资料题目：Analysis of Further Reinforcement ofEngineering Cost Management by Construction Enterprises 文献、资料来源：Regional Business News 文献、资料发表（出版）日期：2022.12.06 院（部）：管理工程学院 专业：工程造价 班级： 姓名： 学号： 指导教师：张友全 翻译日期：2022.5.6 外文文献： Analysis of Further Reinforcement of Engineering Cost
2、Managementby Construction Enterprises Keywords: Construction enterprise, Engineering, Cost management Abstract：In order to always remain invincible in market competitions, construction enterprises mustreinforce engineering cost management. Construction enterprises must persist in engineering cost ma
3、nagement which must run through the whole process of construction. Thus, more scientific and standard management methods must be adopted to improveenterprise management level. This papersets forth the significance of engineering cost management of construction enterprises, discusses the measures to
4、perfect engineering cost management of construction enterprises and analyzes the whole process of engineering cost management of construction enterprises. 1. Introduction Construction enterprises can win the bidding through fierce competitions in recent years. The profitability of enterprises after
5、the success in the bid is closely related to the ability of engineering cost management. Thus, engineering cost management of construction enterprises cannot just stay in pre-settlement. The main development direction of operating management is ascribed to post-accounting, which will reduce control
6、force of other links and lead to the lack of systematized positioning of engineering cost management.The objective of engineering cost management is toapply scientific methods to rationally confirm engineering cost and gain the maximum economic benefit with the minimum input so as to achieve sustain
7、able development of construction enterprises. 2. Significance of Engineering Cost Management of Construction Enterprises Engineering cost management of construction enterprises means construction enterprises supervise and control manpower, financial resources and material resources consumed in produ
8、ction, operation, sales and purchase in the process of production and operating activities, more strictly control cost expenditure of construction enterprises through taking cost budget as the main reference system and control practical cost on the basis of ensuing engineering quality. Engineering c
9、ost management of construction enterprises involves the whole construction process of a project, characterized by marketability, variability and particularity. Marketability means the main basis of construction enterprises in engineering cost management is final price in the contract signed. This to
10、 some extent can reflect the degree of market competition. Variability means the design drawing and material price in the construction process are not changeless. This leads to variability in construction engineering cost. Particularity means geographic position of theengineeringof project, construc
11、tion scale and construction conditions of each construction enterprise have differences. Thus, each project has particularity. 3.Measures to Perfect Engineering Cost Management System of Construction Enterprises Firstly, a high-quality team should be built. Any construction enterprise should be peop
12、le-oriented in management. At present, many construction enterprises have shortcomings. For example, the engineering cost personnels scope of knowledge is narrow. In particular, the view of some employees is not open enough. Thus, they cannot know the development trend of construction market. This i
13、s against international competition. In the future, the requirement for engineering cost personnel is that they should skillfully master the knowledge of engineering technology and own rich engineering cost experience and good professional ethics. Therefore, construction enterprises must carry out p
14、rofessional training, legal system and professional ethics education for engineering cost management personnel and cultivate their ability to accurately judge and handle problems. Secondly, engineering cost information network should be set up. It is an important means to improve market competitiven
15、ess of enterprises and better meet current market demand. In consideration of continuous improvement of social and economic status, some construction enterprises set up many subsidiary corporations with independent corporate capacity which are distributed at home and abroad. Each enterprise has the
16、characteristics of mobility and cooperation and takes charge of different types of construction projects. Thus, through the setup of internal cost information network in the enterprise, engineering cost data from different regions at home and abroad can be organized and processed. This is of great s
17、ignificance for development of construction enterprises. Finally, quoted price should be formulated and revised according to practical conditions. It is required to work out a set of rapid quotation scheme suitable for the enterprise so as to improve the bid acceptance probability, market competitiv
18、eness of the enterprise and ensure sustainable development of the enterprise. In order to work out a set of quotation scheme with both competitiveness and profit, the enterprise must master dynamic information of the current market. The composition of quoted cost should truly reflect the cost and ma
19、nagement expenditure of the construction project. Construction enterprises should overall consider and set the quoted price for bidding according to the project features and the management ability in combination of price changes in construction market in recent years. 4.Analysis of the Whole Process
20、 of Engineering Cost Management of Construction Enterprises 4.1 Analysis of Engineering Cost Management in Bidding Stage Currently, Chinas construction market has transformed to the competition system where enterprises gain engineering projects and achieve profit under market economic system from re
21、garding completion of the tasks assigned as the main objective under planned economy. Therefore, bidding has become the main channel to gain tasks in construction market. Such competition is very fierce. To survive and further develop in fierce competition, it is required to be based on current mark
22、et, overall seize the opportunities, continuously increase the force to undertake the projects and enhance operating management of the enterprises to make sure the management efficiency can be reached. Although Chinas construction management department puts forward reform and standardization of the
23、sequence in construction market, shortcomings still exist in current construction market. Thus, to boost the bid acceptance probability, the bidding documents must be well prepared to satisfy the requirements. In a bid to prepare the bidding documents, the process of preparation of economic biding d
24、ocuments (i.e. construction budget) is very important. Firstly, information sources should be mastered well. This is the precondition of construction project bidding. Information sources include bid invitation information gained from the construction market, other bid invitation advertisement media
25、or relevant information supplied by company employees or the peers. Enterprise expert group should analyze and screen the information gained and cannot blindly input manpower and financial resources. Secondly, it is required to put the question-answering process into practice. Before an enterprise p
26、repares the bidding documents, the enterprise must carefully read the bid invitationdocuments and comprehensively digest the construction drawings and other requirements put forward by the bid inviting party so as to find out the problems and doubts and then consult to the bid inviting party. Howeve
27、r, the questions must be selective: for the questions which will influence the engineering cost or fuzzy questions, the enterprise can clearly put forward them to the bid inviting party; but for the questions which may become the basis for claims in the future or have insignificant influence on the
28、cost can be neglected. Thirdly, when preparing economic bidding documents, the enterprise must be meticulous. This is because the possibility of adjustment of the project is small. Thus, it is required to accurately calculate quantities of the drawings. If the drawings are not complete and it is req
29、uired to estimate according to experience, it should be practical and realistic during consulting market price. During preparing bidding documents, it is required to accord with the requirements of bid invitation documents. Arbitrary changes are not allowed. It is required to collect and confirm the
30、 bidding. After the budget result is gained, it is required to set the layout according to the format of the bid invitation documents. The final bid price is the key point. During confirming the bid price, bid evaluation method confirmed in the bid invitation documents should be followed. Meanwhile,
31、 the decision-maker of the bidding enterprise should fully know specific contortions of the rivals participating in the bidding, fuzzily measure the quoted price of other enterprises and the base number of the bid of the owner and select rational scheme. During bidding, the economic bid is important
32、 of course. However, when the scores of each bidding unit approximates, the technical bid and comprehensive score of an enterprise have the decisive effect. Construction conditions and qualification of a construction enterprise will influence the comprehensive score of the biding documents. If the a
33、wards gained by the bidding unit are more, the score will be higher. This requires the construction enterprise supervises the quality strictly in the construction process and strives to create good projects. 4.2 Engineering Cost Management in Construction Stage The construction stage is the main sta
34、ge of cost management. In this process, the work should be implemented from the following four aspects. 1) Carry out market survey. It is required to grasp the price of various materials. In the whole construction process, the cost of the materials occupies a large proportion in the total cost. Thus
35、, the key to controlling engineering cost is to strictly control the price of materials. This requires enterprises implementing overall market survey so as to grasp the price of materials of different specifications in different areas timely and accurately. In addition, internal information network
36、set up by the enterprise should be applied well to collect, organize and compare various kinds of information so as to find out the materials with higher cost performance and save funds. 2) Carefully calculate the quantities. Statistics of the quantities is one of the cost performance jobs in engine
37、ering cost management. The statistical personnel should be comprehensively familiar with the situations of the construction site and relevant professional knowledge and know well the content and standard in the bid invitation documents as well as the content and standard in the contract. Meanwhile,
38、they should master some common sense about construction, accurately calculate the items of the project, strive to implement cost calculation work and make sure the progress payment can be paid timely. At the same time, the statistical personnel should closely cooperate with the cost budgeting person
39、nel to timely find out the relevant factors of claim for compensation. 3) Economy and technology fuse mutually. Although economy and technology belong to different subjects, whether social and economic benefits can be maximized in the construction process to a large extent depends on mutual combinat
40、ion of the two. In economy and technology, the former belong to the purpose and the latter belongs to the means. The two supplement each other and should be valued, or else bad consequences will occur. Therefore, on the basis of ensuring full completion of the tasks on time, the construction enterpr
41、ise should care for the economic benefit so as to ensure good economic benefit through scientific technical means. To ensure the project quality, it is required to completely eradicate that the expenditure is greatly higher than the contract cost due to the improvement of construction standard which
42、 does not comply with the reality. The above two measures are not feasible. To fuse economic management and technical scheme, engineering cost management measures should be actively issued to promote the construction stage and increase the profit of the enterprise. Thus, the construction enterprise
43、should fully consider quality and construction period requirements in the process of preparation of construction scheme and construction organization design and confirm more rational construction organization design. 4) Improve the awareness of claim for compensation. It is necessary to strive to ta
44、ke the opportunity to enhance claim for compensation. The construction enterprise must improve its legal consciousness. Common items for legal consciousness mainly include the claims for variation, force majeure and delay. The construction enterprise should be very familiar with the contents of the
45、bid invitation document and the contract so as to better seize the good opportunity for claim. Although not all claims will gain success, any opportunity for claim cannot be missed. The construction enterprise should pay attention to collecting all evidentiary materials related to the claim for impl
46、ementation of future claim. 4.3 Analysis of Engineering Cost Management in Completion Stage In the completion stage, it is required to pay more attention to collecting and preparing final account for the completed project. Once the project completion settlement cannot be implemented in advance, the
47、situation where the owner and supervising personnel are transferred will certainly occur. This will influence confirmation of project cost. Thus, it is required to implement project settlement work as early as possible. In project settlement, the relevant materials should be prepared well in advance
48、, mainly including: quoted price in the biding stage, written minutes of meetings formed by both parties in the construction process, acceptance inspection records for hidden works singed by both parties, effective as -built drawing, contact sheets for engineering design changes, construction organi
49、zation design and other various materials as well as the supplemented and newly added unit-price materials approved by the owner and the supervisor in the construction process and new process supplement quota approved and confirmed by the owner. Meanwhile, it is required to combine project construction drawing, design change, certificate of the construction site, ma