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1、Module 5 Unit 2 New words and expressionsPart 1 Words from page 22 to 251. debatedebate既可用作名词，又可用作动词，意为“辩论，争辩，争论。用作名词时有如下用法：After a long debate David was chosen captain of our school football team. The proposal under debate was put forward by our monitor. 用作动词时，过去式和过去分词分别是debated，debated；现在分词为debati
2、ng。常构成短语debate about sth. with sb. 意为“与某人争论某事等。举例如下：What are they debating about? They were debating whether to go to the mountains or to the seaside for their holidays? Before we make a final decision, we must debate the question with the rest of the members. We debated for more than an hour on the
3、 advantages and disadvantages of that plan to protect our environment. 名词debater的意思是辩论者2. laylay在本单元是用作动词，意思有“产卵，下蛋，放置，摆放等。其过去式、过去分词分别为laid，laid， 现在分词是laying。lay的主要用法有：How many eggs does the hen lay each week? New laid eggs, one dollar each dozen. She laid her hand on my shoulder. Please lay down yo
4、ur pens and just listen to me carefully. I carefully laid my new jacket on the bed.Then both sides started laying the blame on each other.Why dont you lay that problem aside for a while and think about it later?He was willing to lay down his life for his country.lay构成的词组(1)Please lay the table for d
5、inner. 摆设餐具(2)The couple laid aside some money for their old age. 储蓄(3)The president laid great emphasis on would peace. 放重点在上(4)Dont lay all the blame for the accident on me. 归罪于(5)Some workers were laid off because of a shortage of materials. 暂时解雇注意lay与lie的区别。lie 有两种意思，一是“说谎，过去式、过去分词分别为lied，lied；现
6、在分词是lying；二是“位于，躺，过去式、过去分词分别为lay，lain；现在分词是lying。(1)Please lay the book where it lay.(2)The little boy lied that he had laid the egg laid by the hen lying under the tree in the box.3. approachapproach既可用作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词，意为“接近，靠近，分别可指距离上、时间上，或某种状态上的接近。如：The little boy approached the mouse quietly and
7、watched it. As summer approached, the weather became hotter and hotter.His work is approaching perfection. He is rather difficult to approach. Its not easy to get on friendly terms with him. approach也可用作名词，指“接近，渐近或“人易、难亲近。如：The birds flew away in all directions at my approach. The approach of the ex
8、amination made him nervous. My class teacher is easy of approach. 4. beneficialbeneficial是形容词，意为“有益的，有利的，有帮助的，是正式用语。常构成短语“be beneficial to ，意为“对有帮助的，如：Enough sleep, good food and some exercise are beneficial to the health. I hope this holiday will be beneficial for my husband, who is under high pres
9、sure of work.beneficial的名词和动词都是benefit。作为名词时，意为“利益，帮助，恩惠，益处，常构成短语be of benefit to，意为“对有裨益；以及for the benefit of，意为“为了的利用，用法如下：I got a lot of benefit from traveling around the world. These collected money will be used for the benefit of the people from flood-stricken areas. benefit既可用作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，意为
10、“有益于；对有益，因得到利益。如：The project for environmental protection will benefit us enormously. I benefited a lot from my teachers advice. 5. productionproduction 作不可数名词时，意为“生产，产出，产量，生产量。如：The company is famous for the production of mobile phones. Production has been increased by using better methods. This ty
11、pe of cars is produced in mass production. production的动词是produce，意为“生产；形容词是“productive，意为“多产的；另外一个名词是可数名词product，意为“产品，生产物，如：What are the chief farm products in your province? 6. responsibilityresponsibility是不可数名词，意为“责任，职责，负责，如：He dont have a sense of responsibility, so he isnt popular with his clas
12、smates. He tried to avoid taking responsibility for the accident. It is the responsibility of every of us to protect our environment. responsible是形容词，意为“有责任的，应负责任的，如：Parents are responsible for their childrens safety. Who is responsible for the mess in the classroom? Isnt he too young for such a res
13、ponsible job? 7. effectiveeffective是形容词，意为“有效的，如：The local government has already taken some effective measure to develop the city without damaging the ecosystem.This medicine is highly effective against bird-flu. The new law becomes effective on October 1st. effective的比拟级和最高级分别为“more effective和“the
14、 most effective。 其副词为effectively，意为“有效地。反义词是ineffective，意为“无效的；名词是effect，意为“成效，作用，常构成词组have a/an effect on，意为“对产生的作用。effect一词的用法举例如下：This medicine had a good/a bad/a side/an ill/an instant/a negative effect on that patient. Punishment had very little effect on those factories, which created harmful
15、waste. The plans of protecting the endangered animals will soon be carried into effect. 8. willingwilling是形容词，意为“乐意的，自愿的。如：Are you willing that he should be admitted into our club? Are they willing workers for environmental protection? willing的比拟级和最高级分别是more willing和the most willing，其副词是willingly，意为
16、“乐意地，名词是“willingness，意为“心甘情愿，如：He gave up his seat to the old lady willingly. Those volunteers showed great willingness to serve in the Olympic Games.9. figurefigure可用作名词，意为“数字，如：It is reported that a lot of people in China are infected with AIDS. The figure is really incredible. He has an income of
17、 six figures. The price of the house is in seven figures. figure 用作名词还有其他意思，如“图形，身材，大人物等。如：The blackboard was covered with interesting figures. I take exercise every morning to keep my figure. Bill Gates is an outstanding figure in IT. figure也可用作动词，构成词组figure out，意为“计算出，理解，如：I cant figure out why sh
18、e dropped school. Part 2 Words from page 29 to 351. statestate在本单元用作名词，意为“状态，状况，情形。用法如下：Generally speaking, matter has three statessolid, liquid and gas.The patient is in a poor state of health. state用作名词还可指“国家、构成联邦共和国的州、国家的。如：How many states are there in the United States of America? The railroads
19、belong to the state in this country. state也可用作动词，意为“陈述、声明。如：The visiting Prime Minister stated that several agreements had been reached during the state visit.2. shockedshock是及物动词，意为“使震惊，使震动。The result of the tsunami is very shocking, with dead bodies here and there. I was shocked at the news of his
20、 sudden death. I was shocked to hear the news of his sudden death. shock 也可用作名词，意为“震惊、冲击、震动。如：The news of his sudden death was a great shock to us. Three shocks of the earthquakes were felt last night. 拓展同shock一样，还有一些不可数名词，如success，failure，honor，danger， surprise等；当指具体的每个人或某件事时，前面可加a或an，如：Liu Xiang i
21、s really a great success. My class teacher turned up at my birthday party, which was really a big surprise. 3. disappointeddisappoint是及物动词，意为“使失望。常以过去分词disappointed作形容词，意为“失望的，沮丧的，构成词组be disappointed at/about/with，意为“对而感到失望，及be disappointed to do sth.，意为“做而感到失望。用法举例如下：The result of the experiment re
22、ally disappointed us. Please dont disappoint me. What are you looking so disappointed about? He was disappointed to hear the news that his visa was refused. We were disappointed that our team had lost the game. disappointing 是形容词，意为“让人失望的，令人扫兴的，如：How disappointing the weather this summer is! disappo
23、intment 是名词，意为“失望，灰心，扫兴，如：When he heard the bad news, his disappointment was obvious. Much to my disappointment, the picnic was put off because of the bad weather. 4. shameshame在本单元用作名词，意为“可耻的事或人时可用作可数名词，“羞耻，羞愧时是不可数名词。如：What a shame to take in the old lady! He was called a shame to his class for his
24、 cheating in the exam. To my shame, I made the same mistake again. The boy hung his head in shame. I felt shame at having told a lie. shameful 是形容词，意为“可耻的，shamefully是副词，意为“可耻的。5. arrivalarrival是名词，意为“到达者；到达物；到达，到来。如：Our time of arrival in Sydney is eight oclock. On his arrival home, he kissed both o
25、f his kids. We are waiting for the arrival of the news. There are several new arrivals at the hotel. arrive 用作不及物动词，意为“到达，抵达。arrive 后面加介词at，那么为到达较小的场所，如：家、店、镇等；后面加介词in，那么为到达较大的地方，如：国家、大都市等；而on那么用于岛屿及现场等，如：When shall we arrive at the airport?Ill phone you the time I arrive in New York.The police arri
26、ved on the scene in no time.It took them a long time to arrive at a conclusion.At last the day they had been looking forward to arrived.6. limited limited为形容词，意为“有限的。如：His knowledge of history is rather limited.The limited edition made the stamp move valuable.You should drive within the limited spee
27、d in this area, otherwise youll be fined.limit 作名词时，意为“极限，限度，界限。如：The task is too much for me. I know my limits.Her patience reached its limit.If only the banks would lend money without limit?limit 作动词时，意为“限制，限定。常用词组limit sb./sth. to sth.，意为“把限制在内。如：We must limit the expense to what we can afford.Mo
28、ther limited us to an ice-cream each.7. decreaseddecrease既可作动词用，又可作名词用，反义词为increase。作动词时，意为“减少，使减退。如：Thanks to the new traffic law, the number of traffic accident has decreased.The number of milu deer has decreased to 250 in that area.The conductor decreased the speed of the train because of the tra
29、ffic accident ahead.decrease 作名词时，意为“减少的数量。词组on the decrease相当于decreasing，意为“在减少中。如：There has been a decrease in the number of smokers this year.Is theft on the decrease?8. equipmentequipment 是不可数名词，意为“设备，器材，装备。如：Whats the cost of equipment?Well visit a factory with modern equipment this afternoon.H
30、e spent much time and money on the equipment of his new house.equip 是动词，意为“装备于，使本身具备，过去式、过去分词分别为equipped、equipped，现在分词为equipping。用法举例如下：Shall we equip our office with a printer?We found our new school equipped with different kinds of sports facilities.The more we learn, the more equipped for dealing
31、 with all kinds of problems in the modern society we become.9. measuresmeasure 在本单元作可数名词用，意为“措施，方法，通常以复数形式出现。如：The took strong measures against dangerous drivers.The school has taken some measures to prevent cheating.measure 作名词时，还有“尺寸，大小，基准等。如：I had a coat made to my own measure.I took the measure
32、of my study.Wealth is not always the measure of success.measure 可用作动词，意为“测量长度，大小，重量等，测定；测的尺寸。如：The tailor measured me for a suit.The policemen are measuring the speed of cars.稳固练习：Key: Part 3 Words on page 38 1. raisedraise 是及物动词，在本单元意为“引发；提出。如：His long absence raised fears about his safety.The tsun
33、ami in Indonesia raised concern both at home and abroad.The report on UFO raised the curiosity of the kids.Does anyone have any points to raise?raise 还有许多其他意思 (1) Please raise your hands if you are for the plan. 举起，抬起(2) His father raised his voice in anger. 抬高，提高(3) The farmer raised 20 pigs and so
34、me chickens. 饲养家畜等(4) They raised enough money for the environmental production project. 筹款，筹措(5) They planned to raise a monument for the dead. 建立，建造注意：raise是及物动词，其过去式、过去分词分别为raised，raised；现在分词是raising。而rise是不及物动词，过去式、过去分词分别为rose，risen；现在分词是rising。请试着以raise和rise的不同形式填写以下句子。(1) He told us that he wa
35、s raised by his aunt.(2) As we all know, the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(3) The river has risen 3 inches since it rained.(4) He stood there with his right hand raised.(5) A great number of nations rose and fell in the course of history.(6) The price of a cup of coffee has risen/has b
36、een raised by ten cents.(7) I saw tears .rising to her eyes.(8) He rose to his feet, raising his voice in anger.2. concernconcern在本单元作名词用，意为“关心，关注。如：The famous singer expressed particular concern for those children infected with AIDS.His greatest concern is whether the endangered animals will be pro
37、tected.Its no concern of mine.The mother showed a great deal of concern for her sons illness.词组as far asbe concerned 意为“就而言。如：As far as Im concerned, Im not against the plan.concerned 为形容词，意为“担忧的，担忧的， 如：We are all concerned about her safety.concerning 为介词，意为“关于，涉及。如：The problem concerning the protec
38、tion of Taihu Lake will be discussed tomorrow.Concerning his proposal, there were pros and cons.3. importanceimportance为不可数名词，意为“重要性。如：Thats a matter of great importance to us.The educator emphasized the importance of developing team spirit between children. 注意 be+of+抽象名词importance, value, use, help
39、be+该抽象名词的形容词important, valuable, useful, helpful。如：His advice is of great value. His advice is very valuable.important 为形容词，意为“重要的，常用于以下句型：It is important for us to master a foreign language in the modern society.It is important that you (should) keep your promise. It is important for you to keep yo
40、ur promise.4. adviseadvise 是及物动词，意为“建议，劝告。常有以下用法：The doctor advised a complete rest. /taking a weeks restI advised him to stop smoking and drinking. I advised him that he (should) stop smoking and drinking.I advised her against marrying that dishonest man. I advised her not to marry that dishonest m
41、an.advice 是名词，意为“建议，劝告。如：You wont get well unless you take/follow the doctors advice.Ill ask my teacher for advice on this matter.Thats a good piece of advice you gave me.5. endangeredendanger是及物动词，意为“使受危险，危及。如：His laziness endangered his chances of success.endangered 是形容词，意为“濒临绝种危险的。如：Are pandas en
42、dangered in China?danger 是名词，意为“危险，危险物。如：The drowning boy is in danger of losing his life.The tiger is a great danger to the villagers.dangerous 是形容词，意为“危险的，不平安的。如：Its dangerous to play on a road.6. remainedremain是不及物动词，意为“留存，剩余，逗留，仍然是。如：If you take 3 from 10, 7 remains.Who would like to remain and
43、help me do the dishes?Who stole the famous painting remains unknown.It remains to be seen whether he will pass the driving test.They remain good friends though now they study in two different cities.The boy bought his mother a birthday gift with the remaining three dollars.7. efforteffort是名词，意为“努力。如
44、：He spared no effort to help me with my English.All my efforts were in vain.He lifted the heavy rock without effort.Please make an effort to arrive early.The efforts of the government to help the disabled made a deep impression on all the people who attended the melting.8. appreciateappreciate是及物动词，
45、意为“赞赏，欣赏，赏识。如：You cant appreciate the novel unless you know its background.His works were not appreciated until after his death.We all appreciate a holiday after a year of hard work.I appreciate it when you help others when they are in trouble.appreciate 还有“感谢的意思。如：I appreciate your timely help.appr
46、eciation 是名词，意为“鉴识，鉴赏力等。如：He has a deep appreciation of literature.9. reservereserve 即可用作名词，意为“保护区，保存，也可用作动词，意为“保存，保存。如：After a long journey, we came to a forest reserve.I have little money in reserve.We discussed the problem without reserve.I must reserve strength for climbing the mountain tomorrow
47、.reserve 还有“预订，留作专用之意。如：All seats reservedThe first three rows of the hall are reserved for special guests.稳固练习：Key: 1. reserve2. efforts3. endangered4. remain5. advised 6.importance7. appreciate8. raise9. concernPart 4 Phrases from page 22 to 251. In additionin addition 意为“另外，加之，又，作副词用，相当于besides 或as well。如：He had no time to prepare this lecture, in addition, he was unwell。There was a big earthquake and,