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1、机械安全培训MACHINE SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAMCONTENTS1确定机械安全危险源Identifying Machinery Safety Hazards 234C O N T E N T S控制或排除机械危险源Control or eliminate Machinery Hazards 安全干预Safety Interventions 个人防护用品Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 确定机械安全危险源Identifying Machinery Safety Hazards111确定机械安全危险源Identifying Machi
2、nery Safety HazardsIncident Pyramid 事故金字塔严 重 的 伤 害 事 故轻 微 的 伤 害 事 故(Serious Accident)财 产 损 失 事 故(Slight Accident)(Property loss Accident)财 产 损 失 事 故(Slight Accident)(Accident/Incidence)事 故(near miss)准事故/未遂事故不符合/偏差/隐患(Deviation/Hazards)缺 乏 控 制 / 管 理 体 系 不 足(Lack of control or management system)MACHIN
3、E SAFETY- IDENTIFYING MACHINERY SAFETY HAZARDS1确定机械安全危险源Identifying Machinery Safety HazardsTECHNICAL OVERVIEW 技术概要Machines have moving parts. The action of moving parts may have sufficient force in motion to cause injury to people.机械的运动部件所带有的动能可能会对人员造成伤害。Common mechanical hazards and associated ris
4、ks for machinery and equipment are shown below以下是常见的机械伤害以及相关的机械设备:MACHINE SAFETY- IDENTIFYING MACHINERY SAFETY HAZARDS1确定机械安全危险源Identifying Machinery Safety HazardsHAZARD 危险 源RISK 风 险DESCRIPTION 描 述PICTORIALREPRESENTATION 图 示Conveyor belts,pulleys传送带和滑轮Abrasion擦伤Caused by friction between movingpart
5、 and skin.由皮肤和运动部件的摩擦造成Robotic arms andmobile machinery机械臂和移动机械Impact冲撞Caused when bodypart struck (but notpenetrated) by moving part.由运动部件对肢体的撞击（未穿透）造成MACHINE SAFETY- IDENTIFYING MACHINERY SAFETY HAZARDS1确定机械安全危险源Identifying Machinery Safety HazardsHAZARD 危险 源RISK 风 险DESCRIPTION 描 述PICTORIALREPRESE
6、NTATION 图 示Rotating shafts,pullies, sprockets and gears转轴，滑轮，链齿和齿轮Entanglement绞入Caused when body part becomes caughton/in machine parts.由肢体卷入机械部件的造成Hard surfacesmoving together移动接触的坚硬表面Crushing粉碎性伤害Caused when machineparts move towardseach other and bodypart is caught inbetween当机械部件相互撞击，肢体处于撞击区域之间造成
7、MACHINE SAFETY- IDENTIFYING MACHINERY SAFETY HAZARDS1确定机械安全危险源Identifying Machinery Safety HazardsThe Root Cause Of Mechanical Hazards: 机械危害的根源及性质Personal Factors 人的因素The dangerous and hazard factors from the product activity.在生产活动中,来自人员或人为性质的危害和有害因素.Material Factors 物的因素The dangerous and hazard fac
8、tors from machine, equipment, facility and material机械,设备,设施,材料等方面存在的危险和有害因素.Environment Factors 环境因素The dangerous and hazard factors from the production environment.生产环境中的危险和有害因素.Management Factors 管理因素The dangerous and hazard factors due to lack of management and management responsibility管理和管理责任缺失所
9、导致的危险和有害因素.MACHINE SAFETY- IDENTIFYING MACHINERY SAFETY HAZARDS1确定机械安全危险源Identifying Machinery Safety HazardsPROCESS FOR IDENTIFYING HAZARDS 确定危险源的步骤Understanding Mechanical hazards 了解机械危险源When reviewing machinery and equipment for possible mechanical hazards,consider: Machinery and equipment 在寻找可能的
10、机械危险源的时候，请关注以下机械设备：Stable machine that can be reached by people人员可以接触到的静止机械设备。With moving parts that can be reached by people人员可以接触到运动部件的机械设备That can eject objects (parts, components, products or waste items) that may strike a person with sufficient force to cause harm可以弹射出物件（部件，零件，产品或者废料）而且弹射力足以造成伤
11、害的机械设备With moving parts that can reach people such as booms or mechanical arms有移动部件如吊臂或者机械臂可以接触到人员的机械设备Mobile machinery and equipment, such as forklifts, pallet jacks, earth moving equipment,operated in areas where people may gain access.在人员可能进入的地点操作的移动机械设备，如叉车，托盘千斤顶，推土机等。MACHINE SAFETY- IDENTIFYING
12、 MACHINERY SAFETY HAZARDS1确定机械安全危险源Identifying Machinery Safety HazardsThe Common Mechanical Hazards 常见的机械危险源MACHINE SAFETY- IDENTIFYING MACHINERY SAFETY HAZARDS1确定机械安全危险源Identifying Machinery Safety HazardsThe Common Mechanical Hazards 常见的机械危险源MACHINE SAFETY- IDENTIFYING MACHINERY SAFETY HAZARDS1确定
13、机械安全危险源Identifying Machinery Safety HazardsPROCESS FOR IDENTIFYING HAZARDS 确定危险源的步骤Understanding common hazards by type of workplace activity通过工作活动的种类了解常见危险源People operating machines and equipment could 操作机器设备的人员:Be required to place their hands close to the mechanism of the machinery orequipment th
14、at does the work, and may be injured if caught or trapped by movingparts 被要求将双手放在靠近机器设备的工作点，可能受到移动部件的伤害Be exposed to constant harmful noise, radiated energy or fumes being emittedfrom machinery and equipment they are operating or are close to 暴露于持续的有害噪音，放射性的能量或者靠近的机械设备排放的废气Inadvertently bump or knoc
15、k poorly placed control levers or buttons 不小心地触碰到错误放置的控制杆或控制按钮Be required to make adjustments to the mechanism of machinery and equipmentwhile the machine is in motion 被要求在运作的机械设备上进行调试Be required to clear away scrap 被要求清理残留物料MACHINE SAFETY- IDENTIFYING MACHINERY SAFETY HAZARDS1确定机械安全危险源Identifying M
16、achinery Safety HazardsPROCESS FOR IDENTIFYING HAZARDS 确定危险源的步骤People who install or dismantle machines and equipment could安装或者拆解机械设备的人员:Work in isolation 在绝缘条件下工作Work in low light or with bright directional light 在低光线或者明亮的直射光线下Access machinery and equipment from the top, sides or underneath接触到机械顶部，
17、底部，边缘Work with/near cranes, forklift or rigging to lift machinery and equipment在塔吊，叉车,吊索附近工作Work in confined spaces 在有限空间内工作MACHINE SAFETY- IDENTIFYING MACHINERY SAFETY HAZARDSWork on machines and equipment at height or over machinery or equipment to connect services (such as electricity, air or wat
18、er) 在机械顶部或者在高处的机械设备上连接管线，如接电，接水，接气Use power tools, welders, extension leads, which present electrical hazards ifdamaged or wet 如果设备损坏或者潮湿, 使用电动工具,电焊,延长导线可能带来电气危险1确定机械安全危险源Identifying Machinery Safety HazardsPROCESS FOR IDENTIFYING HAZARDS 确定危险源的步骤People providing maintenance or repair services could
19、 维护维修设备的人员:Access machines and equipment from the rear sides 从机械设备后部接触设备Be trapped by mechanism of the machinery and equipment through poor isolationof energy sources or stored energy, such as spring loaded or counter balancemechanisms, compressed air or fluids or parts held in position by hydraulic
20、s orpneumatic (air) rams 可能接触到机械设备中绝缘较差的情况,或者设备中内部积蓄的能量,比如负载的弹簧,配重装置,气动设备中的压缩气体,液压设备中的液压油MACHINE SAFETY- IDENTIFYING MACHINERY SAFETY HAZARDSNeed to enter confined spaces of larger machinery and equipment需要进入大型机械设备内部空间Disable or remove normal safety systems to access machines and equipmentmechanism
21、禁用或者移除正常的安全系统1确定机械安全危险源Identifying Machinery Safety HazardsPROCESS FOR IDENTIFYING HAZARDS 确定危险源的步骤People providing cleaning services could 清扫设备的人员:Access machines and equipment from the rear of sides or in unexpected ways 从机械设备后部或者以其他非正常方式靠近机械设备MACHINE SAFETY- IDENTIFYING MACHINERY SAFETY HAZARDSEn
22、ter confined spaces of larger machines and equipment进入大型机械设备的内部空间Climb on machines and equipment 攀爬机械设备Work with chemicals 使用化学品Operate electrical equipment in wet areas 在潮湿区域使用电器1确定机械安全危险源Identifying Machinery Safety HazardsSummary 总结MUST 必须Conduct risk assessments with respect to machine and equip
23、ment hazard针对机械设备危险源进行风险评估MACHINE SAFETY- IDENTIFYING MACHINERY SAFETY HAZARDSMechanical Hazards 机械性危险Non Mechanical Hazards 非机械性危险Access Hazards 接触性危险Understand common hazards by type of workplace activity根据工作活动的种类了解常见的危险源Factory should have machine safety committee, constituted of management,worke
24、r representatives and maintenance team to address concerns related to machine safety.工厂应当有由管理层,员工代表,维修人员组成的机械安全委员会处理解决有关机械安全的隐患。控制或排除机械危险源Control or eliminate Machinery Hazards222控制或排除机械危险源Control or eliminate Machinery HazardsINTRODUCTION 介绍Engineering controls工程控制In order to minimize or isolate th
25、e reach of worker to hazard area; barriers such as machine guards or safe guard devices is put in place. 为减少或隔绝员工接触危险区域,安装如机械护栏或安全防护装置。01MACHINE SAFETY- CONTROL/ELIMINATE MACHINERY HAZARDThe first step to improve machine safety is to eliminate or control hazards改善机械安全的第一步是排除或控制危险源2控制或排除机械危险源Control
26、or eliminate Machinery HazardsINTRODUCTION 介绍The first step to improve machine safety is to eliminate or control hazards改善机械安全的第一步是排除或控制危险源a.Information & Planning 信息和计划b.Training 培训c.Written policies &procedures 书面政策和程序d.Safe work practices 安全操作流程e.Environmental & Medical surveillance 环境和医疗监测02Admi
27、nistrativecontrols管理控制MACHINE SAFETY- CONTROL/ELIMINATE MACHINERY HAZARD2控制或排除机械危险源Control or eliminate Machinery HazardsINTRODUCTION 介绍The first step to improve machine safety is to eliminate or control hazards改善机械安全的第一步是排除或控制危险源a.Gloves 手套b.Goggles 护目镜c.Safety jackets/coats 安全夹克/外套d.Respirators 口罩
28、03Personal ProtectiveEquipment controls个人防护MACHINE SAFETY- CONTROL/ELIMINATE MACHINERY HAZARD2控制或排除机械危险源Control or eliminate Machinery HazardsThe Process to control the mechanical hazards 机械风险管理控制思路(Control Level) 控制级别消除危害替代隔离暴露程序培训(Eliminate the Hazards)(Replacement)(Isolation)(Exposure)(Procedure)
29、(Training)PPE(PPE)MACHINE SAFETY- CONTROL/ELIMINATE MACHINERY HAZARD2控制或排除机械危险源Control or eliminate Machinery HazardsTERMINOLOGY 术语Guard 防护阻隔MACHINE SAFETY- CONTROL/ELIMINATE MACHINERY HAZARDA barrier that prevents exposure to an identified hazard.为防止员工暴露于已知危险源而设立的防护阻挡。Safeguarding device 安全防护装置:A d
30、evice that detects or prevents inadvertent access to a hazard.探测或者防止无心之失的装置。Awareness device 警告:A barrier, signal or sign that warns individuals of an approaching or present hazard.用于警示危险的护栏，标志或者信号。Safeguarding method 安全防护措施:Safeguarding implemented to protect individuals from hazards by the physica
31、larrangement of distance, holding, openings, or positioning of the machine ormachine production system to ensure that the operator cannot reach the hazard.一种通过调整机械设备安放的位置，距离，开口大小等确保操作者无法接触到危险源的措施。2控制或排除机械危险源Control or eliminate Machinery HazardsTECHNICAL OVERVIEW 技术概要Introduction 介绍- Control of mach
32、inery hazards 控制机械危险源Separation is a simple and effective machinery and equipment risk control.隔绝是一种简单有效的机械设备危险的控制方法。Separation may be achieved by distance, barrier or time.隔绝可以通过距离，阻隔或者时间来实行。Distance separation means a person cannot reach the hazard due to distance.距离隔绝指一个人由于距离因素无法接触到危险源。Barrier se
33、paration means an effective barrier or guard denies access and controls ejection of parts, produces or waste.阻隔隔绝指使用有效的护栏防止通过或者控制部件，产品或者废品的弹出。Time separation means at the time of access, the machinery or equipment isdisabled. 时间阻隔指在员工可以接触到危险源的时候，机械或者设备处于禁用状态。Examples include 举例:Physical barriers and
34、 guards such as fences, screens or fixed panels of various materials实体的护栏和阻隔比如栅栏，屏障，或者固定的面板Various forms of guarding and interlocking 各种形式的防护和联锁装置MACHINE SAFETY- CONTROL/ELIMINATE MACHINERY HAZARD2控制或排除机械危险源Control or eliminate Machinery HazardsTECHNICAL OVERVIEW 技术概要Safeguarding is essential for pr
35、otecting employees from needless andpreventable injury. A good rule to remember is 安全防护对于保护员工免受可避免的伤害有不可缺少的作用。它的原则是:Any machine part, function, or process that may cause injury must be safeguarded. 任何可能导致伤害的机械部件，功能或者工艺必须安装安全防护。In terms of controlling amputation hazards, employees are protected fromh
36、azardous machine work activities either by针对控制截断风险，员工可以通过以下方式避免和危险机械有关的工作活动1 effective machine safeguarding, or 有效的机械安全防护，或者2 Lock Out/ Tag Out where safeguards are rendered ineffective or do notprotect employees from hazardous energy during servicing and maintenance operations.在机械设备进行保养维护，安全防护处于关闭状
37、态下，采用锁闭和标示的方式保护员工。MACHINE SAFETY- CONTROL/ELIMINATE MACHINERY HAZARD2控制或排除机械危险源Control or eliminate Machinery HazardsEFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施1234CONTROL OF MACHINE HAZARDS BY TRAINING EMPLOYEES通过培训员工控制机械危险源。CONTROL OF MACHINE HAZARDS BY CONTROLLING HAZARDOUS ENERGY LOTO 通过控制危险的能量源控制机械危险源CONTROL OF MAC
38、HINE HAZARDS BY USE OF MACHINE GUARDS使用机械防护控制机械危险源 CONTROL OF MACHINE HAZARDS BY USE OF SAFEGUARD DEVICES使用安全防护装置控制机械危险源MACHINE SAFETY- CONTROL/ELIMINATE MACHINERY HAZARD2控制或排除机械危险源Control or eliminate Machinery HazardsEFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施1、CONTROL OF MACHINE HAZARDS BY USE OF MACHINE GUARDS 使用机械防
39、护控制机械危险源 Guarding 防护A Guard can perform several functions: it can deny bodily access, contain ejected parts, tools, off-cuts or swath, prevent emissions escaping or form part of a safe working platform.防护有多种作用：可以防止接触，阻挡弹射出的部件，工具，碎片，防止废气泄漏，或者构成一个安全的工作平台。MACHINE SAFETY- CONTROL/ELIMINATE MACHINERY HAZ
40、ARD2控制或排除机械危险源Control or eliminate Machinery HazardsGuarding is commonly used with machinery and equipment to prevent access to 防护通常用于以下情况:Moving parts that do not require regular adjustment 无需定期调整的移动部件Rotating end drums of belt conveyors 传送带两端的滚筒Rotating shafts 转轴Machine transmissions, such a pulle
41、y and belt drives, chain drives, exposed drive gears 机械传动装置，比如滑轮，皮带轮，链条，外露的齿轮Moving augers of auger conveyors 螺旋传送机Moving parts that do not require regular adjustment 无需定期调整的移动部件010203040506MACHINE SAFETY- CONTROL/ELIMINATE MACHINERY HAZARD2控制或排除机械危险源Control or eliminate Machinery HazardsEFFECTIVE P
42、ROCESS 有效措施Commonly used machine guards 常用的机械防护Fixed固定防护Barrier that allowsfor stock feedingbut does not permitoperator to reachthe danger area.允许送料但是操作者无法接触危险区域Can be constructed to suit many applications.可以适合多种应用。Permanently encloses the point of operation or hazardarea 永久性的封闭操作点或者危险区域Where access
43、 is notanticipated, a fixed guard can be permanently applied by binding agent, welding or secured with one-way screws.用粘合，焊接或者单向螺丝永久安装在禁止接触的危险区域Adjustable可调节防护Barrier that adjusts for a variety of production operations.可以根据不同生产 需求调节的防护Can be constructed to suit many applications.可以适合多种应用Can be adjus
44、ted to administer varying stock sizes可以根据物调整到管理不同的库存量Incorporates movablesections or panels of theguard and allows formaterial or parts to be fedinto the guarded area whilepreventing bodily contact结合可以移动的面板，允许将物料/零件送入防护区域并限肢体接TYPE种类METHOD OF SAFE GUARDING 安全防护方法ADVANTAGES优点APPLICATION说明MACHINE SAFET
45、Y- CONTROL/ELIMINATE MACHINERY HAZARD2控制或排除机械危险源Control or eliminate Machinery HazardsEFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施SelfAdjusting自调节防护Barrier that moves according to the size of the stock entering point ofoperation.根据进入物料的尺寸自动调节的防护。Off the self guards are often commercially available此类防护可以购买Application on b
46、and saw,circular saw, radial armsaw, table saw etc.安装于带锯，圆锯，旋臂锯，锯床等Interlockingbarrier guards联锁防护Shuts off or disengages power and prevents machine from starting up when guard is open. 当防护被激活时，自动关闭机械或者切断电源防止机械启动。Allows access for some minor servicing work, in accordance with the lock-out/tag out exc
47、eption, without time consumingremoval of fixed guards.配合锁闭/标示操作，无需费时的拆卸防护，即可进行简单的维护occurs when the act of moving the guard (opening,sliding or removing) to allow access stops the action of the hazardous mechanism.当触动防护时，如拆卸防护，自动停止危险部件的运作TYPE种类METHOD OF SAFE GUARDING 安全防护方法ADVANTAGES优点APPLICATION说明MA
48、CHINE SAFETY- CONTROL/ELIMINATE MACHINERY HAZARD2控制或排除机械危险源Control or eliminate Machinery HazardsEFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施FIXED GUARDS固定防护ADJUSTABLE GUARDS可调节防护SELF ADJUSTABLE GUARDS自调节防护MACHINE SAFETY- CONTROL/ELIMINATE MACHINERY HAZARD2控制或排除机械危险源Control or eliminate Machinery HazardsMACHINE SAFETY- C
49、ONTROL/ELIMINATE MACHINERY HAZARDEFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施Interlock guarding works by 联锁防护起效方式:Mechanically disconnecting the drive mechanism (applies a brake or disengages a clutch or geared mechanism) 机械性地断开驱动系统 （比如使用刹车，或者断开离合器/齿轮）Interlock guarding is generally achieved via mechanical or electrical
50、means, but mayalso include hydraulic or pneumatic control systems.联锁防护通常通过机械/电气手段起效，但也可能包括液压或者气动控制系统。Isolating the power source of the drive mechanism (stops the motor) 断开驱动系统的电源A combination of mechanical and power disconnection. 组合以上两种方式2控制或排除机械危险源Control or eliminate Machinery HazardsEFFECTIVE PR