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1、Grammar and usage Verb-ing formFigure out the meanings of the proverbs and the usage of the underlined part A bad beginning makes a bad ending. Seeing is believing. A man becomes learned by asking questions.不能善始者不能善终。眼见为实。不耻下问才能有学问。I. The verb-ing can be1. Subject 作主语 Swimming is good for your healt
2、h. _ information is very important to businessmen. Its no use/good _ (argue) with him. It is great fun _ (sail) a boat.Collectingarguingsailing不定式做主语常表示具体的某一不定式做主语常表示具体的某一动作动作;表示泛指或一般的抽象的概表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时念时,多用多用v-ing_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk
3、 D. Walk 2. object 作宾语作宾语(1) 介词后宾语 He is fond of watching football games.注意：在介词but/except （除了）一般后面不接v-ing.He had nothing to do but wait.He had no choice but to wait.but前有实义动词前有实义动词dobut前无实义动词前无实义动词do(2) 动词后宾语 He enjoys playing the piano.Tips: . 在admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, en
4、joy, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, practise, put off, risk, suggest, cant stand 等动词后，必须用v-ing作宾语，不能用不定式。 My job doesnt include making coffee for the boss. 在allow, advise, forbid, permit+v-ing或(allow, advise, forbid, permit sb +to do sth)We dont allo
5、w smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. Students are not allowed to smoke.need/require/want +v-ing它是主动形式表被动意义，主语常为物或者need /require/want to be doneMy car needs/wants/requires repairing. 或My car needs/wants/requires to be repaired. continue , prefer , begin, hate, like, start, love等词后面可接 v-in
6、g 也可接to do这两种结构在意思上没有什么区别。 He continued to work. He continued working. 有些短语后既可跟v-ing也可跟不定式。Forget, stop, go on, mean, regret, remember, try, cant help等。 Please remember _ (hand) in your homework tomorrow. He remembered _ (lock) the door. He was not worried. He forgot _ (tell) me the news. So I didnt
7、 know. He forgot _ (tell) me the news. He told me again.to handlockingto telltelling When he saw me, he stopped _ (say) hello to me. When he saw his mother, the baby stopped _ (cry).to saycrying It was raining hard, but he went on _ (work) in the fields. He went on _ (do) another experiment.workingt
8、o do He tried _ (improve) his appearance in order to get a part in the film. He tried _ (eat) less to lose weight after he failed by running five kilometers a day.to improveeating cant help (to) do 不能帮忙做不能帮忙做 cant help doing sth禁不住禁不住 She cant help _ (clean) the house because shes busy making a cake
9、. I cant help _ (carry) the box for you, as Im too tired. I cant help _ (cry).to cleancarrycrying v-ing形式也可以作宾语补足语形式也可以作宾语补足语常见的动词有：常见的动词有： make, let, have, keep, leave, look at, see, watch, hear, listen to, notice, find, feel 等。等。I saw him riding a bike near the river.I hate his scolding everything
10、 very often.I cant imagine Jims finishing the job on timeMy swimming has improved recently.Marys swimming is excellent.v_ing 的复合结构：形容词性的物主代词或是名词的所有格+v-ing 作主语与宾语，这个名词或代词实际上为v-ing 的逻辑主语（换句话说，就j是v-ing 的动作执行者）3. Predicative 作表语The news is exciting. (表特征或性质）表特征或性质）Her work is nursing children. （表内容）（表内容
11、）思考：思考：Her favorite job is teaching English.The story sounds interesting.表内容表内容表特征或性质表特征或性质Travelling is interesting but tiring.Her favorite job is teaching English.这是现在进行时态吗？为什么？这是现在进行时态吗？为什么？They are watering the flowers动词动词 语态形式语态形式及物动词及物动词不及物动词不及物动词主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态主动语态主动语态一般式一般式doingbeing donedo
12、ing完成式完成式having donehaving been donehaving doneV-ing的基本形式：动词动词 语态形式语态形式及物动词及物动词make不及物动词不及物动词go主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态主动语态主动语态一般式一般式makingbeing madegoing完成式完成式having madehaving been madehaving goneV-ing的基本形式： I am thinking of _ (get) a new dictionary. He forgot _ (promise) to write things for us. The house
13、 showed no sign of _ (damage).gettinghaving promisedhaving been damaged Dont be frightened by sharks as there is 30 times greater chance of _ (hit) by lightning than being attacked by a shark.being hitIII. consolidationTurn to page 11 and read the notes. When did Mayan first visit Internet chat room
14、s? Can you guess why Mayan likes visiting chat rooms? Did he use his real name?Complete the email1. visiting/ to visit2. chatting3. visiting4. pretending5. chatting/ to chat 6. stop7. chatting8. to do9. passdiscussionWhats your opinion on visiting chat rooms?homework C2 on page 100 in Workbook Relev
15、ant exercises in Assessment book.More practice:1. Seeing his parents _ the front door, Tom had to enter the room through the back door. A. paint B. painting C. to paint D. paintedB2. To answer correctly is more importantly than _. A. that you find quickly B. finishing quickly C. to finish quickly D.
16、 finish quickly C3. The joke told by Lee made us _ so the English teacher couldnt make himself heard. A. laugh; B. to laugh; C. laughing; D. laughed; A4. Im examining the article he has just finished _the possible mistakes in it. A. correcting B. correct C. corrected D. to correct D5. I think _ is n
17、o use crying about your exam results now. A. it B. there C. this D. that A6. I regret _ hard at school, or I would not be working here as a porter. A. not to work B. having not worked C. to have not worked D. not having workedD7. They look forward with great hope _ a chance to receive further educat
18、ion in Paris. A. for getting B. of getting C. to get D. to gettingD8. I decided to write rather than _ you about my new friends because its always nice _ a letter from someone special. A. email; receive B. email; to receive C. to email; to receive D. to email; receiveB9. It was _ computer games that
19、 cost the boy a lot of time that he ought ot have spent on his lessons. A. to have played B. played C. playing D. playC10. When we reached the top of the mountain, we stopped _ the beautiful scenery. A. to admire B. admire C. admiring D. admiredA Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I hav
20、e regretted_ his advice! （2007安徽）安徽） A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking 高考链接高考链接 高考链接高考链接It remains_ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals. (2006浙江浙江) A. seenB. to be seen C. seeingD. to seeMary, _ hereeverybody else, stay where you are. (2006全国全国I) A. come B. comes C.
21、to come D. coming高考链接高考链接Is it time you got down to _ the papers? (2006重庆）重庆） A. markB. be marked C. being marked D. marking Test yourself Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one. A. to doB. doing C. withD. to be doing She didnt remember_ him before. A. having metB. have met C. t
22、o meetD. to having met Test yourself I can hardly imagine Peter_ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sailB. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed - You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. - Well, now I regret _ that. A. to doB. to be doing C. to have doneD. having donesleepin
23、g studentsa boring lessona smiling face4. Attribute 作定语作定语（-ing形式作定语）形式作定语）boiling waterflying kites a dancing girlthe rising sun(1) a swimming man(2) a swimming pool(2) a walking stick(1) a walking man =a man who is walking = a stick for walking表动作表动作表用途表用途或性质或性质a running manThe man running inthe p
24、icture is Liu Xiang. attributeThe man who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.相当于：相当于：单个的单个的-ing形式作定语，放在所形式作定语，放在所修饰的名词前面；修饰的名词前面；-ing短语作定短语作定语则放在所修饰的名词之后。一语则放在所修饰的名词之后。一般来说般来说, ,表动作的可改为一个定表动作的可改为一个定语从句语从句( (常用进行时态，一般现常用进行时态，一般现在时或过去式）在时或过去式）. .小小 结结 Translate the following phrases.a reading room
25、a washing machinean exciting eveningan interesting crosstalk阅览室阅览室洗衣机洗衣机激动人心的夜晚激动人心的夜晚有趣的相声有趣的相声a sleeping cara smoking room listening practice an opening speecha booking officerunning water卧铺车卧铺车吸烟室吸烟室听力练习听力练习开幕词开幕词售票处售票处自来水自来水The teacher teaching us English is Ms Zhou. =The teacher who is teaching
26、 us English is Ms Zhou.The people sitting behind us are all teachers.The expert coming from Lishui is a lady called Ms Cai.=The people who are sitting behind us are all teachers.=The expert who comes from Lishui is a lady called Ms Cai. The man driving the car didnt see the old lady crossing the str
27、eet. The man who was driving the car didnt see the old lady who was crossing the street. Who is (was) the boy standing on his hands? Who was the boy who was standing on his hands? Who is the boy who is standing on his hands? There is someone knocking at the door. There is someone that is knocking th
28、e door. The noise woke up the sleeping dog. The noise woke up the dog that was sleeping The girl sitting beside me was my cousin. The girl who sat beside me was my cousin. The boys who are playing tennis are my friends. The boys playing tennis are my friends. I know the boy who is running in the par
29、k. I know the boy running in the park有些定语从句转换成有些定语从句转换成现在分词现在分词短语做后置短语做后置定语定语, 有有主动主动或或进行进行的意思。的意思。名词与现在分名词与现在分词表示主动关系词表示主动关系 I know a man who works in that factory. I know a man who is working in that factory. I know a man who worked in that factory. I know a man working in that factory. The girl w
30、ho sits beside me is my cousin. The girl who is sitting beside me is my cousin. The girl who sat beside me was my cousin. The girl sitting beside me is (was) my cousin. v-ing 作定语特别要注意的是：作定语特别要注意的是： v-ing 作定语作定语表示表示主动或表进行，主动或表进行，与修饰词是主与修饰词是主动动关关系系 注：注：being done 作定语表被动且表进行。作定语表被动且表进行。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。
31、不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。the house being built belongs to our school.The house to be built belongs to our school.5、v-ing 作状语作状语-ing短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等情况。情况。-ing短语作状语一般表示一个次短语作状语一般表示一个次要的动作，要的动作， 一般都可以变为相应的状一般都可以变为相应的状语从句或并列句。语从句或并
32、列句。1. 作时间状语作时间状语-ing短语作时间状语一般置于句首短语作时间状语一般置于句首 如：如：When they heard the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。禁地哭了起来。=Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. After I had received his letter, I decided to write back.收到他的信后，我决定给他回。收到他的信后，我决定给他回。 2. 作原因状语作原
33、因状语-ing短语作原因状语一般位于句首。如：短语作原因状语一般位于句首。如：Because he was so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.=Having received his letter, I decided to write back. = 因为太生气了，他不能入睡。因为太生气了，他不能入睡。Because (As) he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didnt go last week. 因为他已经去过长城许多次，上因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。周他就没去。=Having been
34、to the Great Wall many times, he didnt go last week. Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. 3. 作条件状语作条件状语 v-ing作条件状语一般位于句首作条件状语一般位于句首 If you work hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。=Working hard, you will succeed. 4. 作让步状语作让步状语 -ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或短语作让步状语，可置于句首或 句末，常与句末，常与even if, th
35、ough 连用。连用。Although his father worked from morning till night, he didnt get enough food. =Though working from morning till night, his father didnt get enough food.虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。他还是挣不到足够的吃的。 5. 作伴随状语作伴随状语置于句首或句末。如：置于句首或句末。如：They sang and laughed; they came into the cla
36、ssroom. =They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. 他们又唱又笑地走进教室。他们又唱又笑地走进教室。When working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.=When he worked in the factory, he was an advanced worker.注意：注意：1. 有时为了强调有时为了强调v-ing作状语时，作状语时，when, while, though, until, if等连词等连词可保留可保留 如：如：Though willing to a
37、ttend the party, he refused the invitation. =Though he was willing to attend the party, he refused the invitation.While staying in Beijing, he came to see me twice.=While he was staying in Beijing, he came to see me twice.If playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. =If you play all day, y
38、ou will waste your valuable time.Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. =Though it was raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.2. 动词动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。如：辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。如： He traveled on the plane like this, keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket. = When he travel
39、ed on the plane like this, he kept the tortoise hidden in a blanket. 动词动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语逻辑主语若与若与主句的主语主句的主语不一致不一致，则属于，则属于“独立主格独立主格”结构。结构。 If weather permits,we will play the match tomorrow. =Weather permitting,we will play the match tomorrow. Because the monitor is ill, wed better put the meeting off. =The monitor being ill, wed better put the meeting off.名词普通格（代词主格）名词普通格（代词主格）+v-ingHomework: C2 on page 92 in Workbook. Relevant exercises in Assessment book.