《（整理版高中英语）高考总复习（1）“名从”和“定从”考点透析与精炼.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《（整理版高中英语）高考总复习（1）“名从”和“定从”考点透析与精炼.doc（4页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、高考总复习1：“名从和“定从考点透析与精炼考试要求： 名词性从句和定语从句是高中语法的核心内容之一，也是高考考查的重点，各个省市的高考试卷不但在单项选择局部有直接的考查，在其他各大题型上，这两大类从句也是解题甚至是读懂试题的根底。这两大类从句的难点在于从句种类的区分，以及引导各类从句的引导词的区分。本文主要从这两个方面给同学们的备考提供帮助。知识讲解：名词性从句考点透析1that无词义，在从句中不做成分。当that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，that不能省。That he will refuse the offer is impossibleIt worried her a bit
2、that her hair was turning grey2whether，if都可引导名词性从句，但需注意以下几点：在句首引导主语从句时，只能用whether：Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weatherif不能引导表语从句：What the doctor really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soonif不能引导介词后的宾语从句：Everything depends on whether we can make a p
3、lan that they will agree to如果宾语从句是否认句时，只能用if：I asked Pave if he hadnt decided what he would say at the meetingdiscuss后的宾语从句只能用whether引导。doubt作“疑心解、后接宾语从句时，如果主句是肯定的，宾语从句用whether或if引导，如果主句是否认的，宾语从句只能用that引导。We discussed whether the medicine will cause side effect(我们讨论了这种药是否会引起负作用。)I doubt whetherif he
4、 is fit for his officeI dont doubt that he can do it very well3wh词既有词义(该词根本的词汇意义)，又在名词性从句中充当成分，因此，在选择wh词时，既要考虑该词的根本意义，又要考虑它在从句中的作用。 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week Is that why you had a few days off?(why引导表语从句，在从句中做原因状语)It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or sh
5、e wants(whatever引导宾语从句，并在从句中做wants的宾语)A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do(what引导宾语从句，并在从句中做to do 的宾语What caused the accident is still a complete mystery(what引导主语从句，并在从句中做主语)4do you think，do you suppose，do you believe等后接疑问词连接的宾语从句时，疑问词应移至句首，从句用陈述句词序。Since you have seen both fight
6、ers，who do you think will win?5I think，I suppose，I believe等后接否认句做宾语从句时，要把否认转移到主句。I dont think you are right(不说：I think you are not right)定语从句考点透析1注意关系代词that的用法：All that can be done has been doneI have read all the books that you gave meBeihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks that was built ab
7、out 200 years ago2关于“介词+关系代词：能做介词宾语的关系代词只有whom和which，先行词指人时，用whom，先行词指物时用which。介词的选定有两个原那么，一是看从句中的动词和哪个介词可构成固定搭配，二是看句中需用哪个介词，句意才符合逻辑。In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30，by which many people have got home(根据句意，用by which，意为“到这个时候。)In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to
8、whom she could turn for help(turn to sb. for help是固定搭配)3领先行词是表示时间、地点的名词时，不能草率地认为定语从句就一定用when和where引导，需弄清所缺的关系词在从句中的作用才能选择恰当的关系词。需要牢记的是：关系副词在定语从句中只能做状语，即使先行词是表示时间、地点的名词，但如果所缺关系词在从句中是做主语、宾语的话，仍然应用关系代词which、that。It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year，when for the first time their t
9、eam won the World Cup比拟：This is the museum whichthat we visited last year(thatwhich是visited的宾语)This is the museum where my father used to work(where是used to work的地点状语)Ill never forget the days when I studied in this university(when是studied的时间状语)Ill never forget the days which we spent together (whic
10、h是spent的宾语)4是用关系代词还是用其它代词如果两个分句中间用逗号隔开，要求考生在第二个分句填入一个代词的话，考生首先要弄清句子结构。第二分句前如有and，but，or，so等词，它就是并列分句，要用人称代词或指示代词。第二分句前如无and，but，or，so等词，它就是一个非限制性定语从句，因此应选用关系代词。Alice received an invitation from her boss，which came as a surpriseToms mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but it didnt help
11、I shall never forget the years when I lived in the country with the farmers，which has a great effect on me5as，which引导的非限制性定语从句as，which都可引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中都能做主语、宾语。但是，as除了引导定语从句外，还有“正如、“像一样的词汇意义，which没有这个意思。此外，在句首引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用as。As is known to all，China will be an advanced powerful country in 20 or 30
12、 years timeCarol said the work would be done by October，which personally I doubt very muchDorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play，which of course，made the others unhappy6如果先行词是way，可用that，in which引导定语从句，或省略关系代词。I dont like the way that he spoke to meI dont like the way in which he
13、spoke to meI dont like the way he spoke to me名词从句与定语从句的区别：1. 成分上的区别：名词从句充当句子的主要成分；定语从句充当句子的修饰成分。1. How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery.2. I wonder whether/if he is fit for the job.3. The problem is who will be equal to the task.4. He had no idea whether we could overcome the present difficult
14、ies or not.2. 引导词含义上的区别：定语从句的引导词在语义上具有指代先行词的作用；名词从句的引导词不具备此功能。1 That he came back made us very happy.2. Im sorry (that) Ive made a mistake.3. The fact is that his bark is worse than his bite.4. Word came that he would come to see us all.3. 关于that: 名词从句中的 that 只起引导词的作用，无任何意义；定语从句中的that 在从句中充当主语或宾语，有时
15、可以与 which 互换。He pretended (that) he didnt see me. 宾语从句That she lost her necklace on the way home made her so worried.主语从句The first request that he made was to ask for freedom. 同位语从句It was said that that was all that he said.定语从句，that在从句中作宾语Is this the house that you have bought yourself? 定语从句，that在从句中作宾语4. 引导词的不同： 不会出现在名词从句中的关系词：as, 且 when, where 等不能与 in/on/at which 互换。不会出现在定语从句中的关系词：whether, if, what, how。易错点点拨：1. 名词从句中须使用陈述语序！The owner of the shop came to see what was the matter.2. 注意虚拟语气的使用！We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.3. 4种情况只能用whether：位于句子开头；前面有介词；引导表语从句；与or not连用。