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1、LED光源在景观设计中的应用-外文翻译-完成 LED在景观照明中的应用 E光源除了无汞、节能、节材、对环境无电磁干扰、无有害射线五项优点之外,在照明领域中,特别是在景观照明中,还有很多优势。如:低压供电无高压环节,为了绝缘的开销要小得多,可靠性高;附件简单无启动器、镇流器或超高压变压器;结构简单具有固体光源的最大优点,不充气,无玻璃外壳,无气体密封问题,耐冲击;可控性好响应时间快(微秒数量级),可反复频繁亮灭,基本无惰性,不会疲倦;色彩纯厚由半导体PN结自身产生色彩,纯正,浓厚;色彩丰富三基色加数码技术,可演变任意色彩;轻质结构节材,节约费用;对灯具强度和刚度要求很低;体积小巧大的L灯具可看成
2、由ED细胞组成,最小的LE仅为平方毫米数量级或更小;柔性化好LED 光源的精巧,使LE能适应各种几何尺寸和不同空间大小的装饰照明要求,诸如:点、线、面、球、异形式,乃至任意艺术造型的灯光雕塑;可见,LED不愧为21世纪绿色照明的骄子。 LED景观装饰灯具研发的特点由于LED具有上述一系列优势,LD在景观灯具的研发方面主要有以下几个方向:园林灯,步道灯,地埋灯,小型射灯,草坪灯,快车道分道地灯,壁灯等。光源采用LD,并结合变幻控制,可升级对景观的烘托,使其更具艺术品位。非标异形景观灯具的开发,在景观照明中,灯具安装要保护景观和环境,防止灯具有碍观瞻,要做到白天美化,夜幕下艺术亮化。这就需要灯具的
3、结构与安装因景制宜,因建筑特色制宜,很多标准灯具是满足不了以上要求的。LED灯具设计的柔性化,特别适合因景制宜的非标灯具设计,使景观照明与景观协调,达到美化环境的新水平。 艺术化景观灯具开发灯具本身就是一种造型艺术,而LED光源将更能使景观灯具的艺术创意达到更高境界。由于LED的可控性好,色彩丰富,与微电子技术实现智能化控制,可以构思出各种色彩缤纷、动感节奏欢快、旋律优美的景观灯具。如:LED霹雳灯,比气体放电型霹雳灯要长寿得多,又不易损坏,而且色彩丰富。又如:L风车灯,只需微机智能控制,就可实现“无风时”飞速旋转,并且还能实现自动变速和换色的美妙变幻。类似这样的构思,只要有灵感,都能实现。
4、灯光雕塑类的开发,任何仿真的、仿生的、漫画的、卡通的、商业的、旅游的等等的各种灯光雕塑,均可结合L和声响技术以及微电子控制,必要时还可再加上机电一体化技术,开发出一系列吸引人们眼球的景观灯光雕塑。 LED景观照明的智能化控制技术,E景观照明的智能化控制技术,属于模拟或数码技术、或微机控制技术领域,多数为紧凑型或嵌入式系统。 特点:可靠性高,价格优;变化花样繁多;既有单灯控制,又有群控模式;非标设计很多;长或超长灯具多(如:长光带,很多壁灯线状布局情况);与E显示屏技术有很多不同之处。 根据景观美化的要求,变幻控制模式,给人以丰富多彩,旋律优美,节奏欢快的感受,有时芯至给人以撼动人心的强烈刺激。
5、 根据LD可控性好,色彩丰富的特点,色彩构成几乎无限。按照三基色原理加数字灰度控制技术,原理上可演变出几乎超越大自然存在的任意色彩。例如:三基色LED,如只采用二级灰度控制,即:明和暗,可实现8种色彩演变;又如:三基色LED,采用三级灰度控制,即:明、中、暗,可实现2种色彩变幻;再如:三基色LED,如都采用八位数码的灰度控制,色彩种类竟达到了令人吃惊的程度, 达677万种,连每一种颜色的名字你都来不及命名。 目前,LED灯具的电子控制结构,主要有五大类或更多:单灯控制、群灯控制、长或超长跨距灯控制、声响控制、感应控制。 就寿命表现度而言,硅树脂可以达到延长白光LE使用寿命的目标,甚至可以达到万
6、小时以上的使用寿命,但是,是不是真的适合用来做照明的应用就还有待研究,因为硅树脂是具有弹性的柔软材料,所以在封装的过程中,需要特别注意应用的方式,而来设计出最适当的应用技术。 对于未来应用的方面,提高白光LED的光输出效率将会是决胜的关键点。白光E的生产技术,从过去的蓝色ED和黄色的YAG荧光体的组合,开发出仿真白光的目标,到利用三色混合或者使用G材料,开发出白光LED,对于应用来说,已经可以看的出将会朝向更广泛的方向扩展。?另外,白光LED的发光效率,这些年已经有了不错的的发展,日本LED照明推进协会目标是,期望能够预计在2022年达到00m/w的发光效率,而事实上,有相当多的业者都在朝向这
7、方面开发,所以预计在数年内,10lm发光效率就能够实际上商业化应用。 ED微电子控制电路优化设计的焦点在于:可靠、价优,采用通用元器件,来源丰富。对于长或超长跨距灯的控制除以上要求,还要有以下优点,如:数十米,百米乃至千米以上的光带或线状布局的点光源。优化设计的目标还有:在运动控制上,要色彩丰富,变幻多姿,既含跳变,又有渐变,同时还要最大限度地减少讯导线。 LED发展中要攻克的主要问题ED进入照明领域是新生事物,具有划时代的意义。但是,与任何新技术一样,LED还存在一些急需完善的方面。 )研发LED高功率点光源国际上,Phlis、E、OA等大公司都有双端的球形H产品,这是目前世界上最先进的大功
8、率ID光源,特别是hl ps公司基于这种光源的体育场馆灯具,灯具效率和配光曲线非常优秀。尽管LED有很多独特的优势,但目前这方面却是空白。高功率密度的点状光源对用于半导体发光原理的LED可能是一个很大的技术难点。 2)发展高效率、高功率因数、价优的紧凑型模块化LD电源,LED供电简便,既可直流供电,又可脉冲供电。没有D和高压霓虹灯的一系列麻烦。目前,低效率的供电系统,拖了LE的后腿,节能水平大打折扣。开关电源从70年代的20KZ的标准到目前已达到1Z以上的软开关技术,问题关键在于如何做到质优价廉。 )发展新型LED混光、混色技术LED光源,单位体积很小,在很多场合明显是优点,但有时又是缺点。如
9、:在ED平面型光源上,通常出现点状光斑以及混色不均匀现象。目前,混光、混色存在的问题是:混光、混色的均匀水平与透光率的矛盾。这个问题也是阻碍D发展的因素,主要是材料的原因,急待攻克,对LED景观灯具实用性有很重要的意义。 ED进入照明领域,是照明技术的革命性飞跃。LED对绿色照明发展的历史性贡献,将丝豪不逊于从电子管时代到晶体管时代的飞跃,即使评价为如同晶体管跨越到大规模集成电路的巨变一样,也毫不夸张。?在景观照明方面,LED有着更为独特的优势,可以深信,LE景观灯具将沿着多学科交叉融合的大道,朝着艺术化、智能化、柔性化的方向快速发展。 作者:王滨. LED光源在景观设计中的应用照明设计,20
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33、ig techologis a revliary la . ED lihtinon he Gens histoc coriutin to the de lopment, ibe silk-o in line witthtimefrothe tube to ttranistor era lp, en atransistorfor evaluation beaps anbouns o the changn thslare-scae integra circits, exageraion. ?In lndscape lighti,ED hs a more unue advntags, can be cident tht, LED amps ansape wil be morinteriscpnary fion alng he ra, owrd thatad itget,fexbe in th dirion ofapid eveloment. utor: WBi.LEliht rce in the pictio of andscape desin.igg Desig, Ma20,2022 h:/hibadmz.ms