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1、个人收集整理仅供参考学习1 / 15 考研英语阅读理解七篇经典文章解析SEVEN SKILLS FOR QUALIFIED EMPLOYEES IN 21ST CENTURY Technical and technological skills will take on greater importance. There will be a growing need for people who can understand and fix systems from computer systems to product distribution systems to plumbing sys
2、tems.个人收集整理勿做商业用途Visionary skills will be in demand. The ability to gather and absorb a wide range of input, then use that knowledge, understanding, and perspective to guide organization into future, will be vital.个人收集整理勿做商业用途Numbers and measurement will be important, of course, but smoothing the fl
3、ow form month to month,from quarter to quarter will be essential for highly profitable long-term performance. Practically every company will have to move away from todays obsession with looking ahead only as far as the next financial reporting period.个人收集整理勿做商业用途Ability to organize will definitely b
4、e important in the corporation of the future. Everywhere there will be a need to organize something: resources, workflow, marketing mix, financial opportunities, and much more, all will demand high levels of organization and reorganization.个人收集整理勿做商业用途Persuasive skills will be used in many ways by t
5、he corporation of the future, the most-effective individuals will be those who know how to present information and ideas so that others can understand and support a particular position. Good salesmanship will be essential in many more interactions than we consider today, especially inside the organi
6、zation.个人收集整理勿做商业用途Communication skills careful listening, clear writing, close reading, plain speaking,and accurate description will be invaluable. In tomorrows fast-paced business environment there will be precious little time to correct any misunderstandings. Communications breakdown may well bec
7、ome a fatal corporate disease.个人收集整理勿做商业用途Ability to learn will be above everything else in importance empowering people to grow in effectiveness and help their companies achieve desired objectives. Some of this skill is innate, but many people enhance their ability to learn and to relate different
8、aspects of learning through college and university courses. We believe the liberal arts education experience will prove to be the most valuable type of education for tomorrows leaders.个人收集整理勿做商业用途The top employees of the coming century will be flexible, creative and motivated toward making a positiv
9、e difference in the world. They will seek balance,growth and fulfillment in both their work and home environments. The corporation of the future must respond to these needs and desires; 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 15 页个人收集整理仅供参考学习2 / 15 otherwise they will find themselves ha
10、mpered by a lack of qualified people to accomplish the organizations work.个人收集整理勿做商业用途译文：21 世纪合格人材必备7 大技能1. 技术专长与创新能力将更加重要。今后将越来越需要在计算机、产品推销和管道工程等方面既懂理论又有实践经验的人。个人收集整理勿做商业用途2. 想像能力将是一种需要。这种能力至关重要，它可收集和获取广泛而大量的知识信息，并对其中一些知识、思维方法及观察视角加以借鉴，以便引导公司走向未来。个人收集整理勿做商业用途3. 数字与计算固然很重要，但是保证月与月之间的衔接、部门与部门的配合都顺利通畅
11、将是实现长期高效运作的关键所在。实际上，每个公司都必须改变那种只做下一个财政年度计划的错误观念。个人收集整理勿做商业用途4. 组织能力在未来的公司的运作中无疑是十分重要的。无论到哪儿，组织工作都是必不可少的，如调拨财力物力、设置工作流程、制定市场营销战略、寻找赢利机会等等，所有这些都需要高水平的组织与改组能力。个人收集整理勿做商业用途5. 说服能力将以各种方式在未来公司中发挥作用。工作最有成效的员工将是那些懂得如何表达信息和思想以便能够得到别人理解与支持的人，出色的游说能力在未来更多的人际交往中将是必不可少的，特别是在公司内部。个人收集整理勿做商业用途6. 交流能力听得认真、写得明白、看得仔细
12、、说得清楚、叙述准确将具有无可估量的价值。在未来快节奏的工作环境中，人们惜时如金，容不得半，点疏漏。交流障碍很可能成为未来公司致命的问题。个人收集整理勿做商业用途7. 学习能力将在上述各种能力中占据最重要的地位，因为它使人能够提高工作效率，帮助自己的公司达到预期目的。这种能力一部分来自个人夭赋，当然也有不少人通过接受高等教育提高自己的气习能力和各种知识的融会贯通能力。我们认为，大学文科教育积累的经验将证明是对明天的领导者们最有价值的教育形式。个人收集整理勿做商业用途21 世纪最出色的公司雇员将富有灵活性和创造性，并有志于做出不同凡响的创举。他们将在事业和家庭两方面寻求平衡、发展与完善。未来的公
13、司必须对雇员必备技能加以考核，否则，公司的发展就会因工作中缺乏合格人才而受限制。个人收集整理勿做商业用途重点单词：Visionary 想像的Ability to organize 组织能力Persuasive skills 说服能力精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 15 页个人收集整理仅供参考学习3 / 15 close reading 看得仔细plain speaking 说得清楚invaluable 无可估量的flexible 灵活性creative 创造性hampered 限制qualified 合格的生物与环境平衡
14、的危机The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings. To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earths vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time,the opposit
15、e effect, in which life actually modifies its surroundings, has been relatively slight. Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.个人收集整理勿做商业用途During the past quarter century this power has not only become increasingly great but it has
16、 changed in character. The most alarming of all mans assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air, earth, rivers, and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable. In this now universal contamination of the environment, chemicals are th
17、e sinister partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world the very nature of its life. Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil,entering into living organisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death. Or they pass mysteriously by und
18、erground streams until they emerge and combine into new forms that kill vegetation, sicken cattle, and work unknown harm on those who drink from once pure wells. Man can hardly even recognize the devils of his own creation, as a scientist has said.个人收集整理勿做商业用途It took hundreds of millions of years to
19、 produce the life that now inhabits the earth. Given time not in years but in millennia life adjusts, and a balance has been reached. But in the modern world there is no time.个人收集整理勿做商业用途The rapidity of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature. Radiation is
20、now the unnatural creation of mans tampering with the atom. The chemicals are the synthetic creations of mans inventive mind, having no counterparts in nature.个人收集整理 勿做商业用途To adjust to these chemicals would require not merely the years of a mans life but the life of generations. And even this, were
21、it by some miracle possible, would be futile,for the new 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 15 页个人收集整理仅供参考学习4 / 15 chemicals come from our laboratories in an endless stream; almost five hundred annually find their way into actual use in the United States alone. Among them are many
22、that are used in mans war against nature. Since the mid 1940s over 200 basic chemicals have been created for use in killing insects, weeds, and other organisms described as pests.个人收集整理勿做商业用途译文：地球上生命的历史一直就是一部生物与其环境相互作用的历史。在很大程度上，地球上动植物的形态以及习性都是由外部环境所塑造的。考虑到地球上生命存在的整个时间，相反作用，即生命对其周围环境的实际改变作用， 却相对很小。
23、只有在当前这个世纪( 指 20 世纪 ) 才有一个物种人类，获得了强大的力量，改变了其所生存的世界的自然状态。个人收集整理勿做商业用途在过去的 1/4 世纪中，这种力量不仅日趋强大，而且其性质也发生了变化。在人类破坏环境的种种行为中，最令人担忧的是人类向大气、土壤、河流以及海洋中排放危险甚至致命物质，而当今这种污染在很大程度上是无法挽救的。在当今这种对环境的普遍污染中，化学制品与辐射狼狈为奸，改变着地球的自然状态，也就是改变着地球上生命的自然状态。喷洒到农田、 森林或者花园里的化学物质长期滞留于土壤中，渗入有机体内，并彼此相传，形成了一个中毒与死亡的链条。化学物质还神秘地通过地下水传递，最终以
24、新的形式出现并结合，使植物毒死，牲畜害病，并使饮用一度纯净的井水的人遭受了不明之害。正如一位科学家所言：“人类甚至对自己创造的恶魔都不认识。”个人收集整理勿做商业用途地球历经了许多亿年才创造了栖息其上的生命。经过了一定时间不是以若干年计而是以若干千年计的时间生命开始适应环境，并形成了一种与环境的平衡。但是在现代世界中，时间这一因素已经没有了。个人收集整理勿做商业用途环境改变的速度不再顺从大自然从容不迫的节奏，而是顺从人类急切匆匆的步伐。辐射是当今人类通过支配原子而得到的一种非自然的创造物。化学制品则是人类有发明创造力的头脑创造出来的合成物，在自然界本无相应的东西。个人收集整理勿做商业用途为了适
25、应这些化学制品，人类需要付出的时间不会只是一个人一生的时间，而是几代人的时间。而即使这样，就算出现奇迹成为可能，这种适应也是徒劳的，因为新的化学制品从我们的实验室中源源不断地涌出。仅在美国，每年就有大约500 种化学制品投入使用，其中许多是用于人类对自然的战争中。从20 世纪 40 年代中期起，人类已经创造了200 多种基本化学制品用来消灭昆虫、野草以及其他所谓的 “有害生物”。个人收集整理勿做商业用途重点词汇：1、character(人的) 品质，性格； ( 事物的 ) 性质、特性；例句： He has a changeable character. 他性格多变。2、assault攻击，袭击
26、例句： They made a strong assault on the town. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 15 页个人收集整理仅供参考学习5 / 15 他们猛烈攻击这个镇子。3、spray 浪花，水花，喷液例句： Did you bring along some insect spray？你带来杀虫剂了吗？4、impetuous 性急的，鲁莽的，例句： It was impetuous of her to do that. 她竟做那种事，真是鲁莽。5、deliberate不慌不忙的，从容的例句： He is
27、 delibertate in his speech. 他说话从容不迫。4、5 两词的词义可从上下文中体会出来The rapidity of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature.个人收集整理勿做商业用途可见由 than 相连，必然是两个反义词。6、futile无益的，无效的，无希望的例句： His efforts to save the business were futile. 他挽救公司的努力未能奏效。The computer virus is an outco
28、me of the computer overgrowth in the 1980s. The cause of the term computer virus is the likeness between the biological virus and the evil program infected with computers. The origin of this term came from an American science fiction The Adolescence of P-1written by Thomas J. Ryan, published in 1977
29、. Human viruses invade a living cell and turn it into a factory for manufacturing viruses. However, computer viruses are small programs. They replicate by attaching a copy of themselves to another program.个人收集整理勿做商业用途Once attached to the host Program, the viruses then look for other programs to infe
30、ct.In this way, the virus can spread quickly throughout a hard disk or an entire organization when it infects a LAN or a multi-user system. At some point, determined by how the virus was programmed the virus attacks. The timing of the attack can be linked to a number of situations, including a certa
31、in time or date, the presence of a particular file, the security privilege level of the user, and the number of times a file is used. Likewise, the mode of attack varies. So-called benign viruses 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 15 页个人收集整理仅供参考学习6 / 15 might simply display a messa
32、ge, like the one that infected IBMs main computer system last Christmas with a seasons greeting. Malignant viruses are designed to damage the system. The attack is to wipe out data, to delete flies, or to format the hard disk.个人收集整理勿做商业用途What Kind of Viruses Are There? There are two main types of vi
33、ruses: shell, intrusive. Shell viruses wrap themselves around a host program and dont modify the original program. Shell programs are easy to write, which is why about half of viruses are of this type. Intrusive viruses invade an existing program and actually insert a portion of themselves into the
34、host program. Intrusive viruses are hard to write and very difficult to remove without damaging the host file.个人收集整理 勿做商业用途参考译文：计算机病毒是八十年代计算机飞速发展带来的结果，计算机病毒这一名词起因于在计算机上传染的有害程序与生物学中病毒的相似性，该名词起源于1977 年出版的、由ThomasJ.Ryan 写的一本美国科幻小说p-1 的青春。人体病毒入侵活的细胞后，就把它转变成制造病毒的工厂。而计算机病毒是一些小程序，它们把自己的一个副本附加到另一个程序上面进行复制。个
35、人收集整理勿做商业用途病毒程序一旦附加到一个主程序上，就开始寻找其他可以进行“感染”的程序。这样，病毒就很快地布满整个硬盘，如果病毒感染了一个局域网或者一个多用户系统，那么就在整个组织内进行扩散。只有在某个点上病毒程序才会发作( 这是由病毒程序的设计所决定的) 。攻击的时间与多种情况有关，包括：某个时间或日期、特定用户识别符的出现、用户的安全保密等级和一个文件使用的次数。同样，攻击的方式也是各种各样的。所谓的“良性”病毒可能只是简单地显示一个消息，如在去年圣诞节时，受感染的IBM公司的主要计算机系统显示节日问候。恶性病毒被设计出来破坏系统。常见的攻击方式是消除数据、删除文件或者格式化硬盘。个人
36、收集整理勿做商业用途病毒的种类有哪些？主要有两种病毒：shell病毒和 instrusive病毒。 Shell病毒把自己盘绕在主程序周围，它并不修改原程序。这种病毒容易复制因此它的数量占了所有病毒的一半。Instrusive病毒入侵现有程序并且把自己的一部分插入主程序。这种病毒不易复制， 但是很难在不损伤主程序的情况下被删除。个人收集整理勿做商业用途重点单词：1、virus 病毒2、outcome 结果例句 : I think there can be but one outcome to this affair.个人收集整理勿做商业用途我认为这件事只能有一种结局。3、program 电脑 程
37、序4、replicate 复制，折叠，复制品5、host 电脑 主机精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 15 页个人收集整理仅供参考学习7 / 15 6、at some point 某时, 某种情况下7、so-called 所谓的8、malignant 邪恶的，极有害的9、data 数据10、wipe out 消灭；彻底摧毁例句 : They have wipe out the enemys major military target.个人收集整理勿做商业用途他们已经彻底摧毁了敌人的主要军事目标。句型分析 : 1、The c
38、ause(of the term computer virus)is the likeness(between the biological virus and the evil program infected with computers.)个人收集整理勿做商业用途2、The timing(of the attack)can be linked to a number(of situations), including 1a certain time or date, 2the presence of a particular file, 3the security privilege l
39、evel of the user, 4and the number of times a file is used.个人收集整理勿做商业用途1 、2 、3 、4 是在 including下的并列短句。使用不健康网络可能有损心理健康Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being,according to research at Carnegie Mellon University.个人收集整理勿做商业用途Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the
40、Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less frequently, the two-year study showed. And it wasnt that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Net actually appeared to cause the bad feelings.个人收集整理勿做商业用途Researchers a
41、re puzzling over the results, which were completely contrary to their expectations. They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television, since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others.个人收集整理勿做商业用途The fact that Internet use reduces time ava
42、ilable for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being, researchers hypothesized. Faceless, bodiless virtual communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that exposure to
43、the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.个人收集整理勿做商业用途精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 15 页个人收集整理仅供参考学习8 / 15 But its important to remember this is not about the technology; its about how it is used, says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel, one of
44、 the studys sponsors. It really points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology.个人收集整理勿做商业用途参考译文：根据卡内基麦伦大学的研究，使用因特网可能会导致心理健康程度下降。两年的研究表明，上网次数多的人与较少的人相比，即使是一周仅上网几小时也会经常地感觉到沮丧和孤独。这不是说已经有不良感觉的人在网上花费了更多的时间，而是说使用因特网似乎确实诱发了人们的不良感觉。个人收集整
45、理勿做商业用途研究人员对这些结果困惑不解，因为这与他们的预料截然相反。他们预测，和看电视相比，从社交角度来说，上网可能更健康一些因为网络允许使用者选择自己需要的信息并且和别人进行交流。个人收集整理勿做商业用途研究者推测说，实际情况是上网使网民减少了和家人及朋友共度的时光，这也许可以解释他们心理健康状况下降的原因。和面对面的交谈相比，这种见不着面、看不见人的“虚”的交流可能会使人从心理上缺乏满足感。人们通过这种交流结下的友谊也不会太深。还有一种可能是，网民通过因特网所了解到的广阔世界使他们对自己的生活不那么满意了。个人收集整理勿做商业用途“然而，重要的是不要忘记这与技术本身是无关的，问题在于如何
46、使用因特网。”这项研究的发起人之一、心理学家、英特尔公司的克里斯廷赖利说，“这的确表明在考虑从技术上如何设计应用和服务时有必要把社会因素考虑进去。个人收集整理勿做商业用途重点单词：1、available 可利用的，可支配的；例句： The swimming pool is available only in summer. 这个游泳池只在夏天开放。2、contrary to 与相反例句： What you are doing now is contrary to the docotors advice.个人收集整理勿做商业用途3、hypothesize 假设，假定；4、virtua 电脑 虚拟
47、的，虚的；对于这个词可以结合上下文理解，Faceless, bodiless virtual communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower.个人收集整理勿做商业用途精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 15 页个人收集整理仅供参考学习9 / 15 文中 virtual communication对应着后面
48、的actual conversation，又有 than ，可以想到这是两个对应的反义词。个人收集整理勿做商业用途5、actual 现实的；6、exposure to 暴露， ( 文中引申为了解) 例句： The paint came off as the result of exposure to the rain.油漆因受雨淋而剥落。个人收集整理 勿做商业用途7、sponsor 发起者，主办者，赞助者；Is GE food Safe To Eat Traditional plant breeding involves crossing varieties of the same speci
49、es in ways they could cross naturally. For example, disease-resistant varieties of wheat have been crossed with high-yield wheat to combine these properties. This type of natural gene exchange is safe and fairly predictable.个人收集整理勿做商业用途Genetic engineering(GE)involves exchanging genes between unrelat
50、ed species that cannot naturally exchange genes with each other.GE can involve the exchange of genes between vastly different species, e.g.putting scorpion toxin genes into maize or fish antifreeze genes into tomatoes. It is possible that a scorpion toxin gene, even when it is in maize DNA, will sti