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1、初一英语词汇归纳一牛津版【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容：词汇归纳一二. 具体过程：一名词1、可数名词Countable Noun1.1 规那么名词的复数形式，如：mapmaps boxboxes storystories1.2 不规那么名词的复数形式1以-o结尾的名词多数加-es构成复数：heroheroes 英雄 cargocargoes货物 potatopotatoes 土豆 tomatotomatoes西红柿*某些外来词以-o结尾,但只加-s：autoautos 汽车 pianopianos钢琴 photophotos 照片 kilokilos公里*以-oo或元音字母加-o结尾的词也只加-
2、s：zoozoos动物园 radioradios收音机 bamboobamboos竹子 studiostudios照相馆2以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多数变f为v再加-es：thiefthieves小偷 knifeknives刀 wifewives妻子lifelives生命 shelfshelves架子 halfhalves半*但有些只加-s:： beliefbeliefs信念 roofroofs屋顶3常见特殊复数形式：childchildren孩子footfeet脚，英尺goosegeese鹅oxoxen牛toothteeth牙齿 mousemice老鼠 basisbases根底 medium
3、media媒介manmen 男人 womanwomen女人 chairmanchairmen主席 datumdata数据4常见的单复数形式相同的名词：sheep绵羊deer鹿 fish鱼 fruit水果yuan 元 shark鲨鱼 Chinese 中国人Swiss瑞士人5常见的只能用复数形式的名词：works工厂 species种类 crossroads十字路口 means手段goods货物 clothes衣服 shoes鞋 thanks感谢 surroundings环境politics政治学 physics物理学 glasses眼镜 outskirts郊区 wages工资*另外一些集合名词如
4、：cattle, mankind, police, people, staff等总是用作复数。2、不可数名词2.1 单位词修饰不可数名词：a piece of bread 一片面包 a bag of sand 一袋沙 a bottle of beer一瓶啤酒 a game of chess一盘棋2.2 度量词修饰不可数名词：a kilo of rice 一千克大米 a meter of string 一米的带子2.3 常见不可数名词：advice 忠告 bread 面包 chalk 粉笔 furniture 家具 meat 肉 damage 损失 progress 进步 paper 纸 new
5、s新闻 rice 大米 money 钱 grass草 luggage行李 knowledge知识 sugar糖 work工作 food 食物 information信息 equipment设备 baggage行李3、名词的所有格1名词 +s：Marys book2名词s (复数) +the workers library特殊的如： the childrens palace 少年宫 Womens Day 妇女节3如某物为两人所共有，只需在两个名词后加s：Mary and Janes car 共有否那么为：Marys and Janes cars 各自4双重所有格：a friend of my f
6、athers /mine 我父亲的一位朋友局部概念a photo of Toms汤姆所拥有的一张照片，但照片上的未必是他本人*名词和数词组成复合结构：一个为期三周的假期 a three-week holiday a three weeksholiday a holiday of three weeksDr. Jones has a five-year-old daughter.二冠词1. 不定冠词a、an：表泛指，用于单数可数名词前，表示任何一个/类。1.1 以辅音音素开头的名词或词组前用a；以元音音素开头的名词或词组前用ana university a European a book an
7、umbrella an hour an error*不可数名词用作可数名词时，可用a/an，如：She was inspired with a new courage.1.2常见使用不定冠词的固定搭配：have a cold 患感冒as a result因此，结果as a rule 通常have a good time 过得快乐have a word with与谈话have a rest休息一会in a hurry匆忙地 in a word 总之once in a while偶尔take a walk 散步 come to an end 结束 all of a sudden 突然make a
8、living谋生 make a fire生火 make a fortune发财 a couple of 一对a great deal of大量的 a lot of 许多2、定冠词the：表特指，意为这些、那些。1第二次提到，或双方都道的人或事物：There is some water in the cup. The water is hot. Close the door, please.()2单数可数名词前，表示种类：The telephone was invented by Bell. The3世界上独一无二的事物，以及表示江河、海洋、山脉等的地理名称：the earththe Bible
9、圣经 the Universe 宇宙the Yangtze River长江the sun the Lord 上帝the Pacific Ocean太平洋the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠4限定意味较强的定语：the book you bought yesterdaythe history of China5用于具有鉴别意义的普通名词前，如：the planet Mercury水星the play “King Lear剧本李尔王6其他用法：西洋乐器前，表示演奏某种乐器：play the violin (piano)某些形容词前，使其名词化，表示这一类人或事物：the poor, the
10、 true姓氏的复数形式和民族名称前，表示全家和整个民族：the Turners, the Chinese逢十的年份前，表示几十年代：in the 1980s形容词最高级和序数词前：the biggest, the second某些计量单位的名词前：Apples are sold by the pound.7常见使用定冠词的固定搭配:by the way 顺便说一句in the future 未来 in the morning在上午in the end 最终in the meanwhile同时in the sun在阳光下 on the average平均on the alert警惕on the
11、 contrary相反 on the right在右边 on the increase增长 on the spot 当场play the fool 做傻事 keep the house居家不外出 in the dark 在暗处 at the cost of 以为代价3. 零冠词1不可数名词表示泛指时：Without water man cannot live.2复数可数名词表示泛指时：Teachers generally like diligent students.3专有名词前一般用零冠词：China, Asia, Beijing University, Hyde Park海德公园4其他用法
12、：季节名称前：Summer is coming.法定节日前： National Day New Years Day球类运动和棋类游戏前：play football, play chess(bridge)下棋(打桥牌)餐名前：When will lunch be ready?5零冠词固定短语：at firstat desk(table) 在办公(吃饭)at laston purpose成心 on foot徒步 in debt负债in trouble陷入困境 at nightat sea在海上at homeby accident偶然 in bed 卧床by chance碰巧in order of
13、以的次序 go to schoolgo to bedin common 相同in detail详细地in hospital住院in/ after classtake place 发生in return作为回敬in sight of 看见on fire在燃烧make friends withkeep in mind记在心里三代词1、人称代词一二三一二三主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem1.1 排序一般为：第二人称，第三人称，第一人称：you，he and I；you，John and I1.2 it 的用法指代事物、动物、婴儿以及未知的人
14、或事：Who is that？ Its my friend.用于引出非人称句，表示天气、时间或距离等：Its cloudy today.形式代词：It is quite right that you did that.引导强调句：It was his father that made him a lawyer.2、物主代词一二三一二三主格myyourhisheritsouryourtheir宾格mineyourshishersittoursyourstheirs2.1 形容词性物主代词属限定词范围，注意防止人称和数的误用。2.2 名词性物主代词可作主语、宾语和表语。Ours is a soci
15、alist country. This dictionary is mine.a friend of mineno fault of yours3、反身代词一二三一二三myselfyourselfhijselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselvesTake care of yourself. He was teaching himself English.The man in the photo is myself. She herself was a doctor.4、指示代词：this、that、these、those4.1 关于that的固定
16、用法：1Jack helped finish my work and that was kind of him. 杰克帮助我完成了任务，他那样做真是太好了。2He told me only part of the story and that was that. 他只跟我讲了这个故事的一局部，就那些。4.2 关于that 和those：1Its a different kind of car from that (kind of car) (which) Im used to.这种汽车和我所习惯的那种不同。2The president and his wife were among those
17、 (who were) present at the ceremony.总统和他的夫人出席了那个典礼。5、相互代词：each other(两者)和one another(两者以上)1The two parties, the Democratic Party and the Republic Party often attack each other.2The boys in this class like to bully one another. 这个班上的男孩子喜欢互相打斗。6、不定代词6.1 all和both1前者表示两个以上；后者表示两个。 2都位于行为动词之前，be动词后：They
18、all (both) agreed with me. They are all (both) quite wealthy.6.2 no one和 noneno one只用于指人，none可指人也可指物。none of后接的谓语可用复数也可用单数。No one told us that he was there.I want some milk but there was none in the house.How many elephants did you see at the zoo?None.None of them have (has) arrived yet.None of this
19、 money is mine.7、some / any/ no/ every+thing, one, body7.1 everyone和 every one前者意思为“每个人，与everybody同义，用于泛指，不可跟of短语；后者意思是每个人或物，用于特指，可跟of短语。everyone in the village 村子里所有的人泛指every one of the children 这些孩子中的每一个特指7.2 anybody，everybody和“everyeach+单数名词正式英语 Anybody can do it if he or she tries.日常英语 if they t
20、ryEverybody started waving his flag.Everybody has arrived, hasnt he?Everything is all right，isns it？7.3 something, anything, nothing等被形容词修饰时，该形容词后置：nothing wrong8、否认1局部否认:当all，both，each和everybody，thing等表示整体意义的代词与否认词连用时，一般只表示局部否认。All of the students did not turn up.不是所有的学生都出席。现代英语常用作：Not all of the s
21、tudents turned up.2全部否认：none, no one, neither，nobody，nothing 等对整体意义具有否认作用的代词或副词。None of the students turned up.没有一个学生出席。9、其他限定词1常见修饰可数名词的限定词：(a) few, a couple of, both, many, many a, a great many, several, a number of2常见修饰不可数名词的限定词：alittle, much, a (large) amount of, a great deal of, a bit of3some/a
22、ny/noany：非肯定句否认、疑问、条件句no：否认句some：肯定句和含有肯定意味的场合，特殊的如：Can I have some coffee？请求或希望得到肯定的答复时.Some idiot parked his car outside my garage. 表示某一个= a certain4many/muchmany接可数名词复数，much接不可数名词，在肯定句中常和so或too连用I have met somany people who share your view.(So) Much time has been wasted.*many a +单数可数名词相当于many+复数名
23、词She has been to Beijing many a time. (many times)Many an accident has happened here.5each/everyeach用作名词或形容词，every用作形容词，后面必须跟名词。“我们中的每个人应为every one of us或each of us。6both/eitherboth为两者都，后接复数动词，either为两者中任何一个，接单数动词。两者的否认形式为neither。Truth may lie on both sides，on either side，or on neitherside.7either/a
24、nyeither为两者中的任何一个；any为两者以上中的任何一个。Come on Tuesday or Wednesday. Either day is OK.You will find me at my desk at any hour of the day.*either后接end，side等词有时可指两个都： There are trees on either side of the street. = both sides8neither/none表示两者都不，用neither；表示两者以上都不，用noneof。neither接单数可数名词，none of 接复数名词。Neither
25、book is mine.None of the books on the shelves belong to me.用复数动词，强调“都不是Of all the books on the shelves, none belongs to me. 用单数动词,强调“没有一本是。9all/whole区别：all可接复数可数名词或不可数名词，whole一般接单数可数名词。语序：all用于冠词、所有格或其他限定词之前，whole只用于冠词等限定词的后面。He ate all the vegetables.He ate the whole pie.The whole book is interesti
26、ng.All the chapters are interesting.10) another/otherThis book is too difficult. Show me another one.Of the three books on the desk, two are written by Dickens, the other one is written by Mark Twain.other前面可带some, any, every, many, one, his等其他限定词。Will you come some other time? 改日Please write on eve
27、ry other line. 隔行the rest of the money 不可数名词the rest of the workers可数名词11a number of/ the number of前者为：许多，后接复数名词，谓语用复数。后者为：的总数，谓语用单数。A number of comrades were absent from the meeting.The number of comrades absent from the meeting was surprising.12) few/ a few 修饰可数名词few表否认，a few表数量不大，表肯定。quite a few
28、表相当多，为肯定。only a few表否认，同few。13little/ a little修饰不可数名词，用法同上【模拟试题】答题时间：45分钟一、单项填空名词1. There are some _ on the hill.A. sheepsB. a sheep C. sheepD. sheepes2. Mr Black often gives us _ by Email.A. some good information B. some good in for mations C. good in for mations D. a good information3. There are s
29、ome new books in the school library. They are _ books.A. child B. childrens C. children D. childrens4. I have worn out my shoes, so I want to buy a new _ .A. pair B. one C. ones D. trousers5. Meimeis handwriting is better than any other _ in her class.A. students B. students C. students D. students6
30、. The hospital is a bit far from here. Its about _. A. forty minutess walk B. forty minutes walk C. forty minutes walk D. forty minutes walk7. How many _ are there in your class ? A. Japanese B. American C. Australian D. Canadian8. I found my black cat in_ room.A. Jim and MikeB. Jim and MikesC. Jims
31、 and MikesD. Jims and Mike9. How much are the _? A. bread B. meats. C. potatos D. tomatoes10. There are many _ in our school.A. woman teachers B. womans teachers C. women teachers D. womens teachers11. Three months _ a long time for me.A. is B. areC. have D. has12. There are _ and _ on the table. A.
32、 two boxes cake; four bottle of oranges B. two boxes cake; four bottle of orange C. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orange D. two box of cakes; four bottles of oranges 二、单项填空冠词1. Han Meimei is _ Chinese girl. Lucy is _ English girl.A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a2. A little boy wrote_ “U and
33、_ “n on the wall.A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an D. a; a3. _ old lady in brown is_ university professor.A. An; a B. An; / C. The; an D. The; a4. There are sixty minutes in _ hour.A. an B. the C. a D. /5. This is _ interesting book and it is also _ useful one.A. an; an B. an; the C. an; a D. a; a6. A com
34、puter is useful tool in world today.A. an; theB. a; the C. the; the D. a; a7. Yesterday we held_ talk with them in the hall.A. the B. this C. a D. an8. My mother had_ fever, so I had to look after her.A. a B. the C, / D. this9. Looking at, he took _deep breath.A. / B. a C. that D. its10. I usually g
35、o out for _ walk after_ tea.A. a; / B. /; the C. a; a D. the; a三、单项填空代词1. You may come to my house_ this week _ next week.A .neither; or B .from; to C .either; or D. either; nor2. I dont think we can do it all_.A. by ourselves B. by myself C. byourself D .by yourselves3. I dont want this shirt. Plea
36、se show me _.A .others B .the others C .another D .the other4. I cant repair the model ship_. Can you help_?A .me; me B. myself ;myself C .myself ;me D. me; myself5. Does your brother often wash clothes_?A. he B .himself C. herself D .him6. We study Chinese, English, mathsand some_subjects.A .the ot
37、her B. one C .other D .another7. I have two sisters._ of them are doctors.A. Both B. All C .Either D. Neither8. The book on the shelf is_. She wrote _ name on its cover _.A .Hers; her; herself B. Her;hers; herself C. Herself; her; hers D .Her; herself; herself9. “Dont worry. Theres _ much wrong with you. said the doctor.A. nothingB .everything C. something D .very 10. These shoes are too small. You may buy some_ shoes.A .another B .other C .the others D. others【试题答案】一、16 CADCCD 712 ABDCAA二、15 CADAC 610 BCABA三、15 CACCB 610 CAAAB