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1、中考英语考点备考复习11【词汇检测】1创造_2用来做_3用勺舀_4可调整的_5后跟_6电池_7操作_8拖鞋_9电灯_10电灯炮_11微波_12微波炉_13脆的_14含盐的_15酸的_16错误地_17厨师_18撒_19意外_20饮料_21根据_22古老的_23传说_24烧开_25灌木_26陷入_27剩余28生产_29合意的_30这样_31馅饼_32飞碟_33面包店_34投_35柠檬_36小舔饼干_37算盘_38双筒望远镜_39百年_40级别_41活泼的_42混合物_43在户内_44创造_45木制的_46敲打_47撞上_48分开_49目标_50筐_51金属_52铁环_53射击_54低于_55篮板_
2、56指导_57向，往_58球场_59开展_60计算器_61普及_62rise的过去时_63世界性的_64协会_65装备_【短语集中】1. scoop really cold ice cream2. see in the dark3. shoes with adjustable heels4. by mistake5. by accident6. not salty enough7. make the customer happy8. the history of chips9. sprinkle salt on them10. the most popular drink 11. accord
3、ing to an ancient Chinese legend12. fall into the water13. produce a pleasant smell14. one of the worlds favorite drinks15. flying disk16. boil drinking water 17. over an open fire18. metal pie plate19. in the 1950s20. taste sweet 21. prefer lemons to oranges22. the sour taste23. crispy cookies24. b
4、e easily broken25. in the sixth century26. throw the ball to each other 27. for fun and exercise28. during the long winter29. on a hard wooden floor30. move towards one end of the court31. become an Olympic event32. a team from China【句子再现】1. When was the car invented? It was invented in 1885.2. What
5、 are they used for? Theyre used for seeing in the dark.3. What do you think is the most helpful invention? I think the most helpful invention is the light bulb.4. The customer thought the potatoes werent thin enough.5. Mom added salt but it still wasnt salty enough.6. She likes crispy cookies. They
6、are hard, dry and easily broken.7. The abacus was invented in the sixth century by the Chinese.8. When he was at college, his class was once asked to invent a new game that could be played indoors during the long winters.9. Dr Naismith created a game to be played on a hard wooden floor, so the safet
7、y of the players was important.10. Dr Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them how to play his new game.11. The aim of basketball is for players to get a ball into the “basket: a net hanging from the metal hoop.12. Players shoot from below the basket and may use the backb
8、oard for guiding the ball into the basket.13. It is believed that on December 21st,1891, the first basketball game in history was played.14. A team from China took part, and although they didnt win they used the experience to help develop the game at home.15. Since then, the popularity of basketball
9、 has risen worldwide, and the number of foreign players in Americas NBA has increased.Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world was invented by accident? Although tea wasnt brought to the western world until 1610, this beverage was discovered over three thousand years before that. A
10、ccording to an ancient Chinese legend, the emperor Shen Nong discovered tea when he was boiling drinking water over an open fire. Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for some time. The emperor noticed that the leaves in the water produced a pleasant smell. Later he
11、decided to taste the hot mixture. It was quite delicious. And in this way, one of the worlds favorite drinks was invented.【疑点注释】1. Theyre used for seeing in the dark. (P69)它们被用于在黑夜里观看。be used for表示“被用来做，介词for表示目的和用途，后面接名词或动词-ing形式。Wood can be used for making paper.木材可以被用来造纸。知识拓展含有be used的常用短语：be use
12、d as表示“被用作，介词as意思是“作为的意思，其后一般接名词，强调使用的工具及手段。This book can be used as a textbook.这本书可以当作教科书来用。be used by表示“被使用，by后接动作的执行者。This kind of machine is used by farmers for getting in crops.农民们用这种机器来收割庄稼。2. I think the most helpful invention is the light bulb. (P70)我认为最有用的创造是灯泡。helpful是由名词help加上-ful后缀构成的形容词
13、，意为“有帮助的，类似的形容词还有：thankthankful (感谢的，感谢的) grategrateful(感谢的，感谢的)useuseful (有用的) wonderwonderful(令人惊奇的)forgetforgetful (健忘的) successsuccessful(成功的)beautybeautiful (美丽的) painpainful(疼痛的)3. Id like to have a radio because I could listen to music all day. (P70)我想有一个收音机，这样我就可以整天听音乐了。本句中的情态动词could用来表示逻辑上或
14、理论上的可能性，而不是某种实际上将要发生或正在发生的可能性。Anybody could make mistake.任何人都可能犯错误。The weather here could be very cold in winter. 冬天这儿的天气很冷。特别提示could也表示人或动物的内在能力，有某种知识或者技能而能够做某事。He hurt his foot and couldnt play soccer. 他的脚受了伤，所以他不能踢足球了。4. The potato chips were invented by mistake. (P71)土豆条的创造纯属歪打正着。(1) potato chip
15、s是一个复合名词，其中第一个名词用作定语修饰后一个名词，这样的例子有很多，又如: alarm clock, telephone number等。知识拓展复合名词变复数的规那么，你一定要牢记啊！通常只把主体名词变为复数school boyschool boys(男生) apple treeapple trees(苹果树) vegetable sandwichvegetable sandwiches(蔬菜治) girl friendgirl friends女朋友如果没有主体名词，在最后一个名词上用复数。good-for-nothinggood-for-nothings饭桶、无用的人three-ye
16、ar-oldthree-year-olds三岁的孩子由man, woman和另外一个名词构成的复合名词，两个局部都要用复数。man teachergentleman farmergentlemen farmers 乡绅(2)by mistake 表示“错误地因粗心、遗忘等所致。Sorry, I took your bag by mistake. 对不起，我错拿了你的手提包。短语链语mistake . for “错把当作5. George Crum cooked them for a long time until they were crispy. (P71)George Crum将它们做了很
17、长时间，直到它们变脆了。until常用作介词或连词，用来引导介词短语或从句在句子中作时间状语。在肯定句中，until与延续性、持续性动词连用，表示“直到为止。I worked until late in the afternoon. 我一直干到下午很晚的时候。在否认句中，until常与瞬间动词、短暂性动词连用，表示“直到才，“不到不。The rain didnt stop until midnight. 雨直到半夜才停。I wont leave until you promise to help me. 你不容许帮助我，我不会离开。6. And he sprinkled lots of sal
18、t on them so they were salty. (P71) 然后，他在上面撒很多盐，这样它们就咸了。(1)sprinkle 是“撒、洒的意思，常构成sprinkle A on/over B 或sprinkle B with A表示“撒(某物)于(某物的外表)。She sprinkled sand along the icy path. 她往结冰的路上撒了些沙子。He sprinkled vinegar on his fish and chips. 他往鱼和土豆上洒了些醋。(2)salt是不可数名词，其形容词是salty。在英语中，很多名词后加-y可以构成形容词，表示“充满/包含，其
19、意思与原来词汇的意思相同，只是词性不同，如cloudcloudy, hairhairy, roserosy, sleepsleepy等。7. Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for some time. (P72)附近丛林里的一些树叶掉进了水里，并留在那里很长时间。(1) fall into在这里是“落入、陷入的意思。 Some ash fell into my cup. 一些灰掉进我的杯子里了。A ripe fruit happened to fall into his hand. 一
20、个熟了的果子碰巧掉在他手里。(2)fall into有时也可以作“开始解。He fell into conversation with me. 他开始和我谈起话来。(3)remain 表示“继续、依然、停留，后面接名词，动词不定式。He remained a prisoner for the rest of his life. 他的余生都在牢中度过。It sounds a good idea, but it remains to be seen whether it will succeed.听起来这是个好注意，可是它能否成功，要等以后才能知晓。(4)remain后面也可以接副词或介词短语。S
21、he remains in the house all these days. 她这些天一直呆在那栋房子里。Three out of four of them remained single. 他们四个人中有三个人还是单身。特别提示remain还有“剩下、剩余的意思。I cant go to the cinema because I have a lot of homework remained undone.我不能去看电影，因为我还有很多作业未做。8. And in this way, one of the worlds favorite drinks was invented. (P72)
22、就这样，世界上最受欢送的一种饮料产生了。本句中的in the way意为“就这样，“以这种方式。The song was composed in this way. 这首歌就这样被创作出来了。In this way, you will find the answer to this question. 用这种方法，你可以找到这个问题的答案。知识拓展way主要有以下几种用法：表示“方法，接不定式，.way to do sth这一结构等于.way of doing sth。Scientists are trying to find ways to prevent(of preventing) di
23、sease.科学家们正在寻找预防疾病的方法。There are many ways of traveling(to travel), for example, by air.旅行有许多方式，例如乘飞机。表示“路途，“路线，常构成on ones/the way to.“在的途中。在这一结构中，介词to表示方向，后接名词。如果后面接地点副词如here, there, home时那么不用to。Im on my way home.我正在回家的路上。Shes on her way to see the film.她正在去看电影的路上。表示“方向。Look this way.看这边。Go that way
24、.往那边走。表示“距离，“路程。 Beijing is a long way from here.离这里很远。9. Dr Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams, and taught them how to play his new game. (P74)奈斯密斯医生把他的学生分成两组，并教他们如何玩他的新游戏。本句中的divide.into是动介短语，与separate.into同义，意为“把划分成，其中divide是及物动词。 My father divided the cake into four pieces. 我爸爸
25、把蛋糕分成4块。We divided ourselves into small groups to carry out the plan.我们分成几个小组来执行这个方案。10. It is believed that on December 21st, 1891, the first basketball game in history was played. (P74)人们认为1891年12月21日是历史上的第一次篮球比赛的日子。(1)本句中的It is believed that. 相当于people believe that.是“人们相信/认为的意思，that引导的是主语从句。It is
26、 believed that by the year , the population of the world will be seven billion.=People believe that by the year , the population of the world will be seven billion.人们都认为到，世界人口将到达七十亿。(2)believe意为“相信，“认为，一般表示相信某人是老实的或某事是真实的，后面可以接名词、代词、从句或复合结构作宾语。I just could not believe my eyes. 我简直不敢相信我的眼睛。Scientists
27、 believe that whales can live for twenty to thirty years.科学家们认为鲸可以活二十到三十年。believe可以用于被动语态。They are believed to have discussed this problem.据说，这个他们已经讨论过了。特别提示believe与believe in的含义不同。believe in意为“信奉、信仰，后面常接表示真理或宗教一类的名词，也可作“信任、信赖解。My grandpa believes in Buddhism. 我爷爷信奉佛教。I cant believe in his honesty.
28、我不相信他老实。【考点归纳】1. 被动语态 (1). 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。 (2). 被动语态根本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词(如果是不用物动词，其过去分词应带有相应的介词) (3). 被动语态中的be 是助动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。 一般现在时被动语态为：am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时被动语态为：was/were+ 过去分词 与情态动词连用的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 过去分词 (4). 被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语，放在句末，by 表示“由，被的意思如何理解被动语态？ 为取胜更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义，可以将主动
29、语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比拟。 主动语态： 主语+ 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 其他成分 被动语态： 主语+ be +过去分词 + by +宾语 +其他成分 如： Many people speak English.被动语态 English is spoken by many people.2. 本单元要掌握的句型 见课本P69 中的Grammar Focus 3. invent v. 创造 inventor n. 创造家 invention n. 创造 可数名词4. be used for doing用来做(是被动语态) 如： Pens are used for writing. 笔是用来写
30、的。 Pens arent used for eating. 笔不是用来吃的。5. 给某人某样东西give sth. to sb. 如：I gave a pen to him. 我给他一支笔。 give sb. sth. I gave him a pen. 我给他一支笔。6. all day 整天7. salty adj. 咸的 salt n. 盐8. by mistake 错误地 如： I took the umbrella by mistake. 我不小心拿错了雨伞。9. make sb./sth. +形容词 使怎么样 It made me happy. 它使我快乐 make sb./st
31、h. +名词 让做 It made me laugh. 它让我发笑10. by accident 意外 偶然 I met her by accident at bus stop. 我在公共汽车站意外地见到了她。11. notuntil 直到才做 如：I didnt go to bed until I finished my work. 我直到完成我的工作才去睡觉。12. according to +名词 根据 如： according to an legendaccording to this article根据这篇文章 根据一个神话13. over an open fire 野饮 14. l
32、eaf n. 叶子 复数形式 leaves15. nearby adj. 附近的 如： the nearby river16. fall into 落入 掉进 如：The leaf fell into the river. 叶子落入了河里。fall down 摔倒 如：She fell down from her bike. 她从她自行车摔倒了。17. quite 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的后面 如： quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩 very 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的前面 如： a very beautiful g
33、irl 一个漂亮女孩 注：当不与冠词a 连用时，两者可以互用 如： I am very happy.= I am quite happy. 我非常快乐。18. in the way 这样 19. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快 pleasant adj. 愉快 快乐 指天气、时间、旅行令人快乐愉快 please v. 使快乐 使同意20. batteryoperated adj. 电池控制的是名词+动词的运动分词构成的合成形容词21. in the sixth century 在第6世纪 22. travel around 周游23. more than =
34、over 超过 如： more than 300 = over 300 超过30024. including prep. 介词 包括 可以与名词和动名词连用 如: Six people, including a baby, were hurt. 6个人包括一个小孩受伤了。25. have been played 被上演 是现在完成时的被动语态 现在完成时的被动语态的结构：have /has been +过去分词26. be born 出生 He was born in Canada. 他在加拿大出生27. safety n. 平安 safe adj. 平安的28. knock into 撞上(
35、某人)29. divide sth. into 将划分成.通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的局部 如：Lets divide ourselves into 4groups. 让我们把我们自己划成4组。30. since then 自从那以后 常与完成时 态连用 如： Since then, I have left Beijing. 自从那以后，我已经离开了。【限时阅读】Its lunchtime . Youre hungry and want to get your favourite meal in the restaurant , but there are a lot of people
36、 waiting at the door . Dont worry in cyberworld (网络世界) , you can get your meal just by a few clicks .“Shopping has never been so easy . With just a single click on your mouse , anything that you ordered online can be taken to our door in no time ,said Bian Jing , who is twenty years old .She took pa
37、rt in an online survival(生存) competition held in Beijing .Each competitor had to buy enough food and drink online to last them for 100 hours using the little money given.“I dont want to spend too much time shopping , so I would do it online rather than in an ordinary store ,said a girl from a middle
38、 school .“Its easy to find the things you want online .The shoppers who go online can also find lower prices and wider choices of things they want to buy .But many teachers and parents are worried that the online shopping is becoming too popular .“Its not a good way for middle school students to spe
39、nd their money from their parents ,said a teacher .“I dont like them to shop online . “Theres also the danger that theyll lose the money at online stores because some of them just want to cheat shoppers , another teacher said.Most parents , though , dont want to pay the bills when their children spe
40、nd too much on the Internet .“I hate having to pay unexpected bills ,said a father .“But my son always surprises me with them . (294 words 10 minutes)1.Please give a suitable title to this passage . _2.What was the online survival competition about ? _3.Tell at least two of the advantages (优点) of on
41、line shopping . _4.Why did the father say like that ? _5.Would you like to do some shopping online ? Why or why not ? _【话题训练】A: Good morning. _1_B: Yes, please. I am looking for a mobile phone, but I have no idea. A: We have got all kinds of mobile phones here, which do you prefer, Siemens, Nokia or
42、 Motorola?B: I really know little about them. Which one sells best these days?A: Mm. _2_.B: How much is Motorola?A: _3_. The newer, the more expensive.B: _4_.A: What about this one? It looks nice and works well.B: _5_.A: 1,000 yuan.B: Any discount? How about 850 yuan?A: _6_. Thats the best we can do. Ok?A. Motorola is more popular, I think. B. I want one, newer but too expensive.C. I have to ask for 900 yuan. D. Can I help you?E. What type would you like? F. How much is it?B. Ok. I will take it. Thank you. (3 minutes)