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1、电气毕业设计外文文献 外文文献： The Intelligent Building One of the benefits of the rapid evolution of information technology has been the development of systems that can measure, evaluate, and respond to change。An enhanced ability to control change has sparked developments in the way we design our physical enviro
2、nment, in particular, the buildings in which we work。As a result, we are witnessing significant growth in the area of Intelligent Buildings-buildings that incorporate information technology and communication systems, making them more comfortable, secure, productive, and cost-effective What is an Int
3、elligent Building? An Intelligent Building is one equipped with the telecommunications infrastructure that enables it to continuously respond and adapt to changing conditions, allowing for a more efficient use of resources and increasing the comfort and security of its occupants。An Intelligent Build
4、ing provides these benefits through automated control systems such as: heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC)；fire safety；security；and energy/lighting management。For example, in the case of a fire, the fire alarm communicates with the security system to unlock the doors。The security syste
5、m communicates with the HVAC system to regulate the flow of air to prevent the fire from spreading。 What benefits do Intelligent Buildings offer their owners and occupants? The introduction in the workplace of computers printers photocopiers, and fax machines has increased indoor pollution。Electrica
6、l and telecommunications facilities in office buildings are under pressure to satisfy the demands created by the rapid growth of computer and networking technologies。These factors have a definite impact on productivity. New technology can be used to create Intelligent Buildings that address these pr
7、oblems by providing a healthier, more productive, and less energy-intensive work environment。As these are critical factors for business success, owners of Intelligent Buildings have a clear advantage in attracting and retaining 21st-century tenants。 How do Intelligent Buildings lead to cost savings?
8、 The Intelligent Building concept recognizes that the true cost of a building is not simply its cost of construction; it must contain the costs of operate and maintenance over the structures life span。By optimizating automated control, communication, and management systems, Intelligent Buildings cos
9、t has reduced in all of these areas。They also guard against the increasing of repairing costs, productivity loss, revenue loss, and the loss of customers。 Can an Intelligent Building infrastructure be installed in existing buildings? Yes。The key competency of transformating conventional buildings in
10、to intelligent ones is installing single structured cabling network。Standard buildings featured in using different kinds of designs and administration methods from system to system。The additional facility of construction structured turns a conventional building into an intelligent one which can prov
11、ide with increased efficiency and guarding it against system breakdowns。 Why do Intelligent Buildings increasingly become a part of business imperative? Because they contribute to the business requirements as follows: To communicate data quickly and reliably To exercise greater control over the work
12、 environment To improve productivity and cost-effectiveness In response to these needs, it offers its Business Solution of intelligent wiring。 Intelligent buildings design and construction management systems The field of Intelligent Buildings, Intelligent Homes, Building Management Systems (BMS) enc
13、ompass an enormous variety of technologies, across commercial, industrial, institutional and domestic buildings which including energy management systems and building controls。The function of Building Management Systems is central to Intelligent Buildings concepts；its purpose is to monitor the funct
14、ion of building such as lighting，heating，security, CCTV and alarm systems；access control；audio-visual and entertainment systems ventilation filtration and climate control etc even time & attendance control and reporting (notably staff movement and availability)。The potential within these concepts an
15、d the surrounding technology is vast and our live are changing from the effects of Intelligent Buildings developments on our living and working environments。 The origins of Intelligent Buildings and Building Management Systems have roots in the industrial sector in the 1970s, from the systems and co
16、ntrols used to automate production processes and to optimise plant performances。The concepts and applications were then adapted, developed and modularised during the 1980s。 Intelligent buildings - control system The essence of Building Management Systems lies in the Intelligent Buildings and control
17、 technologies, which allows integration, automation, optimising services and equipment provide services and managing environment。The essence of Intelligent Management Systems lies in Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) which formed the original basis of the control technologies。Later the developmen
18、ts of commercial and residential applications were based on “distributed-intelligence microprocessors”. Taking advantage of these technologies allows to use various Internet construction and services, which often significantly reduces cost and saves energy。 Heating - time-based control Temperature c
19、ontrol: when external temperature reaches a set level (0C)，run heating system pumps to protect the system from freezing or frost. Compensated systems: It will heat temperature to control the electricity when the temperature drops and this will give a rise in the circuit flow temperature. Thermostati
20、c radiator valves: the thermodetector of which installing in the same room can change the radiator radiates accordingly to the relevant flow. Proportional control: including auto-switching equipment and auto-output adjusting. Lighting control methods Zones: In order to avoid only a small parts of li
21、ghts can be used in a large area, lights are switched on corresponding to the use and layout of the lit areas. Time control: to switch on and off automatically in each zone at times to a preset schedule for light use。 Passive Infra-Red (PIR) Occupancy sensing: In areas which are occupied intermitten
22、tly, occupancy sensors can be used to indicate whether or not anybody is present and control the switch of lights accordingly。 Building management systems and intelligent buildings - energy savings Until recent years, energy efficiency has been used at a relatively low priority and building owners a
23、nd investors pay little attention to it。However, with the dramatic increase of energy use and decrease of energy capacity, the concept of energy cost-efficiency has already soon became the important strategy of estate management, facilities management and also has being involving into the constructi
24、on. For lighting, energy savings can be up to 75% of the original circuit load, which represents 5% of the total energy consumption of the residential and commercial sectors。 Experiences from studies in Austria suggest potential heating and cooling energy savings are up to 30% in public buildings。Ev
25、en allowing for the fact that buildings used in the study may have been those with particularly high energy usage, the figure is an impressive one Building management systems and intelligent buildings - environmental and greenhouse gas benefits Greenhouse gas emission reductions depend on and correl
26、ate to reductions in energy use。Intelligent Buildings and Building Management Systems technologies contribute directly to the reduction in energy use, in commercial, industrial, institutional and domestic residential sectors。In short, Intelligent Buildings and suitably applied Building Management Sy
27、stems are good for the environment。 Legislation and environmental standards；health and safety regulations；and global trends towards improving indoor air quality standards are all significant drivers of - and provide a continuous endorsement of the need for - Building Management Systems and the Intel
28、ligent Buildings technologies。 Government Initiatives around the world are also driving the development and adoption of Building Management Systems technologies。For example the UK Carbon Trust allows Enhanced Capital Allowance (ECA) to be offset against taxation on energy efficient systems, which en
29、ables savings of around 30% for all energy-related Building Management Systems and Intelligent Buildings equipment, and the associated installation and design costs。 Building management systems and intelligent buildings - market trends In Britain, through the establishment and control of the main hi
30、gh-tech fully into the new decoration industry, in recent years, the British buildings market to set up the new management system, make significant changes innovation. Heating system 70%。 Hot water control system 90%。 Air conditioning control system 80%。 But according to the European commission stat
31、istics, as many as 90% of existing buildings have not adapt or invalid control system, many need a thorough overhaul. The intelligence construction has become a real estate developers and owners hot spot, 24 hour visible entrance guard, long-distance meter reading billing, all kinds of community ser
32、vice projects and convenient video on demand, on the web for village residents offered many life convenient. But the intelligence construction is a complex technology application project, as a community intelligent of the implementation of the relevant departments, need to pay attention, be ware of
33、new construction erroneous zone. 1、Beware of haste to build, lack of careful planning.。Intelligent general by broadband network and several related the sub-project to realist, long-distance meter reading billing, security monitoring, all kinds of alarm systems, Internet browsing, etc are to be inclu
34、ded in the operation of the residential broadband network category. In software, needs to have the special application scheme for the development of community network information management system. The author thinks that although all sorts of relevant products have been listed, individual products h
35、ave already become more and more mature, but quite part of products in the technical specifications of the lack of uniform standard, integrated broadband and intelligence of conditions remain to be mature. Many residents of the village persuaded by manufacturers install visible interphone today, ass
36、emble with long-distance meter reading tomorrow , this phenomenon do not only cause with various circuitry within the cross, repeat construction, and independent running each manufacturer equipment to realize intelligent original intention in the building area of . Certainly, this is not to say that
37、 the current implementation cant intelligent, but the broadband network lying, LAN and the equipment can be brought into operation should be of broadband in under the guidance of experts. 2、Beware of broadband business trap. As broadband gradually popular, a group of specialized business broadband b
38、usiness company arises at the historic moment. They frequently to property district promised to put into tens of thousands of funds; the plot offers one or two houses and other intelligent construction undertaken by broadband business company. The author thinks that broadband commercial service as a
39、 market behavior, both parties shall in contract introduced in detail in the profits to investors, Property Company also should clearly understand both sides in the future cooperation in their respective rights and obligations. In the process of real estate, a community in the future the owners of t
40、he consumption of whether they should have the right to know and options, how the legitimacy of the contract is worth discussing. 3、Beware of pay heavily close attention to hardware, software, lightly weight, the tendency of investment use. In the implementation of intelligent management solutions i
41、n the process, some units invest a lot of money to buy equipment, professional maintenance personnel allocation, and software is to disdain to investment, the use of the software is also the secretary or other personnel part-time settles., however, in the implementation of the process of intelligent
42、 software is the foundation and the core, a set of complete information management plan, no matter how perfect hardware facilities, lack of software support (exactly say support) the system is not a successful design. The author thinks that in the process of implementation of intelligence , prior to
43、 listen to all levels of management department opinions, the intelligence to realize what management function, this is the core of make plan; And then listen to the opinions of the professional staff, give full play to the function of equipment in hardware, on the basis of pay attention to in the ma
44、nagement means, existing equipment, the scheme can provide for management which data, what are the specific management work to supplement and improve. The goal is to clear, avoid by all means is to leadership will and take it for granted to do. 中文译文： 智能建筑 信息技术的快速演变带来得好处已经发展到可以来测量、评估和应对变化。一种更强的控制改变的能
45、力,已经影响了我们设计物理环境的方式,尤其是对我们建筑物设计。因此，我们正目睹着智能建筑领域的日益增长-建筑融合了信息技术和通信系统，使其更加舒适、安全、高效和高成本效益。 什么是智能建筑 智能建筑是配备通讯设施,在适应不断变化的影响条件下,允许其更有效地利用资源和增加居民的舒适感和安全感。智能建筑通过自动化控制系统提供这些好处,例如:加热、通风、空调(暖通)；消防安全；安保；能源/照明管理。比如说,在发生火灾时,消防安全报警系统控制打开大门。安防系统控制中央空调系统调节空气流量,以防止火势蔓延。 智能建筑对业主及住户提供什么好处? 办公区域的计算机、打印机、复印机、传真机增加了室内污染。为满
46、足计算机及网络技术的快速革新,因而在办公楼内创建了电器和通讯设施。这些因素对工作效率有显著影响。新技术通过提供一个更健康、更有效, 少能源密集型的工作环境来建造智能建筑，以便解决上述问题。因为这些有利商业成功的关键因素,智能建筑的业主有一个吸引和留住二十一世纪用户的明确优势。 如何使智能建筑节约成本? 智能建筑的概念真正认识到了成本不仅是简单的建筑成本；它必须包括结构寿命的操作和维修费用。通过优化自动控制、通讯和管理系统,智能建筑削减所有这些方面的成本。他们也防范修理费的增加、生产力损失、收入损失、客户流失。 智能建筑设备可以安装在现有的建筑物上面吗？ 当然可以。改造传统的智能建筑的核心能力是
47、：安装一个单一的网络布线。标准建筑从系统到系统可以用不同的设计和管理方法为特色。建筑构造附带的设施把一个常规建筑变成智能建筑, 它提供较高的效率和防范，免遭系统故障。 为什么智能建筑逐步的成为企业规则的一部分? 因为他们对企业有以下贡献: 1、迅速和可靠地通信数据 2、行使更大的监管工作环境的能力 3、提高生产率和经济效益 针对这些需求, 提供智能布线业务解决方案。 智能建筑设计与建筑管理系统 智能建筑领域,智能化住宅,建筑管理系统(房舍)包含了多种技术, 经由全国商业、工业及住宅楼宇的机构,包括能源管理制度,建立管制。建筑管理系统的功能是智能型建筑概念的核心；其目的是为了监控建筑物的功能,例
48、如:灯光、供暖、安全、闭路电视和警报系统；视听娱乐系统、通风、过滤和气候控制等准确控制；甚至于时间控制。这些潜在的观念及多种边缘技术，正在改变我们的生活。 智能建筑的起源与建设管理体制在20世纪70年代根植于工业部门从系统和控制化用于自动化生产过程和优化工厂效益。上世纪80年代，当时的概念与应用相结合协调发展。 智能楼宇控制论 建筑管理系统的本质是在智能建筑和控制技术，它使一体化、自动化、所有优化服务和设备提供服务和管理环境。智能化管理系统本质是建立在可编程控制器(PLC)原有基础上形成的控制技术。后来在商业和住宅的应用发展是基于“分布式智能微处理器”。利用这些技术可以充份运用到各种网站建设和服务，往往大幅降低成本,大量节省能源。 供暖时间的控制 温度控制:当外部温度达到设置温度（0）的时候运行