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1、数控机床改造机械专业毕业设计外文文献翻译(中英文翻译) 毕业设计外文翻译 外文原文 The Numerical Control Engine Bed Transforms Harvey B.M ackey First numerical control system development summary brief hi story and tendency. In 1946 the first electronic accounting machine was born the world,this indicated the humanity created has been possi
2、b le to strengthen and partially to replace the mental labor the tool. It with the humanity these which in the agricultu re, the industry society created only is strengthens the phy sical labor the tool to compare, got up the quantitive leap ,entered the information society for the humanity to layth
3、e foundation. After 6 years, in 1952, computer technology applied to t he engine bed , the first numerical control engine bed were born in US. From this time on, the traditional engine bed has had the archery target change. Since nearly half centu ry, the numerical control system has experienced two
4、 stages and six generation of development. 1.1 Numerical control (NC) stage (1952 1970) The early computer operating speed is low, was not big to then science computation and the data processing influence ,but could not adapt the engine bed real-time control reques t.The people can not but use numer
5、al logic circuit to buil dto become an engine bed special purpose computer to take the numerical control system, is called the hardware connecti onnumerical control (HARD-WIRED NC), Jian Chengwei numerical c ontrol (NC). Along with the primary device development, this stage has had been through repe
6、atedly three generations, na mely 1952 first generation of - electron tube; 1959 second generation of - transistor; 1965 third generation - small scale integration electric circuit. 1.2 Computer numerical control (CNC) stage (in 1970 presen t) In 1970, the general minicomputer already appeared and t
7、h e mass production. Thereupon transplants it takes the numeric al control system the core part, from this time on enteredt he computer numerical control (CNC) the stage (which shouldh ave computer in front of the general two characters to abb reviate). In 1971, American INTEL Corporation in the wor
8、ld f irst time the computer two most cores part - logic unitsan d the controller, used the large scale integrated circuit te chnology integration on together the chip, called it the mic roprocessor (MICROPROCESSOR), also might be called the central processing element (to be called CPU). The micropro
9、cessor is applied to 1974 in the numerical c ontrol system. This is because minicomputer function too stro ng, controlled an engine bed ability to have wealthily (ther efore once uses in controlling the multi- Taiwan engine beda t that time, called it group control), was inferior to used the micropr
10、ocessor economy to be reasonable. Moreover thensm all machine reliability was not ideal. The early microprocess or speed and the function although insufficiently are alsohig h, but may solve through the multi-processor structure.Because the microprocessor is the general-purpose calculatorcore part ,
11、 therefore still was called the computer numericalcontrol. In 1990, PC machine (personal computer, domestic customh ad called microcomputer) the performance has developed tothe very high stage, may satisfiedly take the numerical control system core part the request. The numerical control system henc
12、eforth entered based on the PC stage. In brief, the computer numerical control stage has also experienced three generations. Namely 1970 fourth generat ion of - minicomputer; 1974 five dynasties - microprocessor and 1990 sixth generation - (overseas was called PC-BASED) based on PC. Also must point
13、out, although overseas already renamed as the computer numerical control (namely CNC). Also must point out, although overseas already renamed as the computer numerical control (namely CNC), but our countr y still the custom called the numerical control (NC). Theref ore we daily say numerical control
14、, the materially already was refers to computer numerical control. 1.3 the numerical control future will develop tendency 1.3.1 open style continues to, to develop based on the PC sixth generation of direction The software and hardware resources has which based on P C are rich and so on the characte
15、ristic, the more numerical controls serial production factory can step onto this path. Uses PC machine to take at least its front end machine, pr ocesses the man-machine contact surface, the programming, the association . Question and so on net correspondence, undertakes the num erical control duty
16、by the original system. PC machine has the friendly man-machine contact surface, will popularize to all numerical controls system. The long-distance communication, the long-distance diagnosis and the service will be more common. 1.3.2 approaches and the high accuracy development This is adapts the e
17、ngine bed to be high speed and the high accuracy direction need to develop. 1.3.3 develops to the intellectualized direction Along with the artificial intelligence in the computer do main unceasing seepage and the development, the numerical control system intellectualized degree unceasingly will enh
18、ance. (1) applies the adaptive control technology The numerical control system can examine in the process some important information, and the automatic control system related parameter, achieves the improvement system running sta tus the goal. (2) introduces the expert system instruction processing
19、The skilled worker and experts experience, the processing general rule and the special rule store in the system, take the craft parameter database as the strut, the establishment has the artificial intelligence the expert system. (3)introduces the breakdown to diagnose the expert system (4) intellec
20、tualized numeral servo drive May through the automatic diagnosis load, but the automat ic control parameter, causes the actuation system to obtain the best movement. Second, engine bed numerical control transformation necessi ty. 2.1 microscopic looks at the transformation the necessity From on micr
21、oscopic looked below that, the numerical cont rol engine bed has the prominent superiority compared to the traditional engine bed, moreover these superiority come from the computer might which the numerical control system contain s. 2.1.1 may process the traditional engine bed cannot proce ss the cu
22、rve, the curved surface and so on the complex com ponents. Because the computer has the excellent operation ability, may the instant accurately calculate each coordinate axis ins tant to be supposed the movement physiological load of exerc ise, therefore may turn round the synthesis complex curve or
23、 the curved surface. 2.1.2 may realize the processing automation, moreover is the flexible automation, thus the efficiency may enhance 3 7 times compared to the traditional engine bed. Because the computer has the memory and the memory prope rty, may the procedure which inputs remember and save, the
24、n the order which stipulated according to the procedure automat ic carries out, thus realization automation. The numerical co ntrol engine bed so long as replaces a procedure, may reali ze another work piece processing automation, thus causes the single unit and the small batch of production can aut
25、omate, therefore is called has realized flexible automation. 2.1.3 processings components precision high, size dispersion d egree small, makes the assembly to be easy, no longer needs to make repairs. 2.1.4 may realize the multi- working procedures centralism, r educes the components in engine bed b
26、etween frequent transpor ting. 2.1.5 has auto-alarm, the automatic monitoring, automatic comp ensation and so on the many kinds of autonomy function, thu s may realize long time nobody to safeguard the processing. 2.1.6 advantage which derives by above five. For example: Reduced workers labor intens
27、ity, saved the labor force (a person to be possible to safeguard the multi - Taiwan engine bed), reduced the work clothes, reduced the new product trial manufacturing cycle and the production cycl e, might to the market demand make rapid reaction and so o n. Above these superiority are the predecess
28、or cannot imagine, is an extremely significant breakthrough. In addition, the en gine bed numerical control carries out FMC (flexible manufact ure unit), FMS (flexible manufacture system) as well as CIMS (computer integration manufacture system) and so on the enter prise becoming an information base
29、d society transformation fou ndation. The numerical control technology already became the manufacturing industry automation the core technology and the foundation technology. 2.2 great watches the transformation the necessity From on macroscopic looked that, the industry developed c ountry armed for
30、ces, the airplane weapon industry, in the en d of the 70s, at the beginning of the 80s started the l arge-scale application numerical control engine bed. Its essen ce is, uses the information technology to the traditional in dustry (including the armed forces, airplane weapon industry) carries on th
31、e technological transformations. Except that uses outside the numerical control engine bed, FMC, FMS in the m anufacture process, but also includes in the product developm ent carries out CAD, CAE, CAM, the hypothesized manufacture as well as carries out MIS in the production management (ma nagement
32、 information system), CIMS and so on. As well as in creases the information technology in its production product, including artificial intelligence and so on content. Because uses the information technology to the country foreign troops, the airplane weapon industry carries on the thorough transfor
33、mation (to call it becoming an information based society), f inally causes them the product in the international military goods and in the goods for civilian use market the competit ive power greatly is the enhancement. But we in the informa tion technology transformation tradition industry aspect c
34、ompar ed to the developed country to fall behind approximately for 20 years. Like in our country engine bed capacity, numerical control engine bed proportion (numerical control rate) to 199 5 only then 1.9%, but Japan has reached 20.8% in 1994, the refore every year has the massive mechanical and el
35、ectrical products import. This also on from on macroscopic explained the engine bed numerical control transformation necessity. Tho rd, the numerical control transformation content and superiorl y lacks 3.1 Transformation industry starting In US, Japan and Germany and so on the developed countr y, t
36、heir engine bed transforms took the new economical growt h profession, thrives abundantly, is occupying the golden age .As a result of the engine bed as well as the technical u nceasing progress, the engine bed transformation is the eter nal topic. Our countrys engine bed transformation industry, al
37、so enters from the old profession to by the numerical c ontrol technology primarily new profession. In US, Japan, Ger many, have the broad market with the numerical control techn ological transformations engine bed and the production line, has formed the engine bed and the production line numerical
38、control transformation new profession. In US, the engine be d transformation industry is called the engine bed regenerati on (Remanufacturing) industry. Is engaged in the regeneration ind ustry famous company to include: The Bertsche engineering fir m, the ayton engine bed company, Devlieg-Bullavd (
39、are valuabl e) serves the group, the US equipment company and so on. T he American valuable company has set up the company in Chin a. In Japan, the engine bed transformation industry is calle d the engine bed to reequip (Retrofitting) industry. Is enga ged in the reequipment industry famous company
40、to include: B ig indentation project group, hillock three mechanical compani es, thousand substitute fields labor machine company, wild engineering firm, shore field engineering firm, mountain this engineering firm and so on. 3.2 Numerical control transformat ion content The engine bed and the produ
41、ction line numerical control transformation main content has following several points: First is extensively recovers the function, to the engine bed, the production line has the breakdown partially to carr y on the diagnosis and the restoration; Second is NC, the addend reveals the installment on th
42、e ordinary engine bed, or adds the numerical control system, transforms the NC engine bed, the CNC engine bed; Third is renovates, for increases the precision, the effi ciency and the automaticity, to the machinery, the electricit y partially carries on renovates, reassembles the processing to the m
43、achine part, extensively recovers the precision; Does not satisfy the production request to it the CNC system to carry on the renewal by newest CNC; Fourth is the technology renews or the technical innovati on, for enhances the performance or the scale, or in order to use the new craft, the new tech
44、nology, carries on the b ig scale in the original foundation the technology to renew or the technical innovation, the great scope raises the leve l and the scale renewal transformation. The new electri cal system transforms after, how carries on the debugging as well as the determination reasonable
45、approval standard, also is the technology preparatory work important link. The debugg ing work involves the machinery, the hydraulic pressure, the electricity, the control, and so on, therefore must carry on by the project person in charge, other personnel coordinate. The debugging step may conform
46、to simplicity to numerous, fr om infancy to maturity, carries on from outside to in, afte r also may the partial overall situation, after first the s ubsystem the 3.3 The numerical control transformation superior ly lacks 3.3.1 reduced investment costs, the date of deliv ery are short With purchases
47、 the new engine bed to comp are, may save 60% 80% expense generally, the transformatio n expense is low. Large-scale, the special engine bed especi ally is specially obvious. The common large-scale engine bed transforms, only spends the new engine bed purchase expense 1/3, the date of delivery is sh
48、ort. But some peculiar circu mstances, like the high speed main axle, the tray automatic switching unit manufacture and the installment too requires a lot of work, costs a great deal of money, often transforms the cost to enhance 2 3 times, with purchases the new engine bed to compare, only can economical invest about 50 %. 3.3.2 machine capability stable are reliable, the structure i s limited Uses foundation and so on lathe bed, column all is heav y but the firm casting component, but