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1、动词的语态语态英语动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系，英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态主语是动作的执行者 We plant trees every year.被动语态主语是动作的承受着 Threes are planted (by us ) every year.2. 主动语态: 主语+谓语+宾语 3. 被动语态助动词be+及物动词的过去分词,下面以动词tell为例一般进行完成现在am/is/are toldam/is/are being toldhave/has been told过去was/were toldwas/were being toldhad been tol
2、d将来will/shall be toldshall/will have been told过去将来would/should be toldshould/would have been told情态动词情态动词+be told注意：被动语态没有完成进行时和将来进行时+情态动词时态举例一般现在Football is played all over the world.They _(invite) to take parties.一般过去He was invited to dinner yesterday evening.The buildings _ (build) last year.一般将来
3、A new bridge will be built next year.The class _(tell) the good news later.过去将来He said the trees would be planted soon.The said the problem _(solve) soon.现在完成The pictures have been put on the wall.My car _(repair).过去完成They said that their work had been finished.He said that when to leave_(decide).现在
4、进行A new school is being built in our village.The question _(discuss) at the meeting now.过去进行The question was being discussed at this time yesterday.Our classrooms and labs _(clean) at that time.情态动词These exercises must be done in class.More rice _(produce) next year.5. 主动语态变为被动语态类型变化举例主动语态被动语态带有一个宾语
5、变宾语为主语I broke the bottle.The bottle was broken by me.带有宾语从句从句的主语做被动语态的主语He knew that he was dying.He was known to be dying.It was known that he was dying.有时可用if做形式主语带有双宾语将其中一个宾语变为主语He gave me a book.I was given a book by him.A book was given to me by him.常带双宾语的动词: give, send, take, teach, show, tell
6、, pay, offer, pass, hand, borrow, lend, promise, bring, make, write, sell, buy, ask, get, sing带有复合宾语动词+宾语+宾补只能将宾语变为主语形容词做宾补I think him right.He is thought right.名词做宾补We made him our monitor,He was made our monitor.不定式做宾语He asked me to go with him.I was asked to go with him.现在分词作宾补I heard him singing
7、.He was heard singing.过去分词做宾补I heard the song sung.The song was heard sung.带有情态动词情态动词+be+动词过去分词We must clean the room.The room must be cleaned.带有词组做谓语保存动词所带的介词或副词Ill look after the boy.The boy will be looked after (by me).注意：1. 所有带不定式做宾补的主动语态变为被动语态时，不定式必须带to，包括感官动词和使役动词see，watch, observe, notice, lo
8、ok at, hear, listen to, feel, have, let, make, help等。在主动语态中作宾语时他们不带to，在被动语态中必须带to。e.g I saw him come into the building.- _into the building. He made me work extra hours.- _work extra hours.2. be going to do, be to do, used to do, had better do，这些结构相当于助动词或情态动词，所以在变为被动语态时，只需要把后面的原形动词变为被动语态即可。e.g Im go
9、ing to write the report this afternoon. - The report _this afternoon.I am to clean the windows.- The windows_.Youd better take care of the child.- The child had better be taken care of by you. a. 不及物动词不能用于被动语态，因为他们没有宾语，常见的动词或词组有：happen, last, cost, appear, take place, break out, belong to, come out,
10、 look for, and lose hearte.g The book cost me ten yuan. The Anti-Japanese War_(break out)in 1937. The story _(happen) in a small village. Great changes _(take place) in my hometown in the past few years.b. 感官动词、表示“变化的动词不能用于被动语态，例如;look, sound, taste, smell, continue, feel, seem, remain, keep, prove表
11、示变化：become, come, get, go, grow, turne.g Your voice sound beautiful. The young trees have grown taller.c. get + 过去分词型的被动语态，为习惯固定用法，这种结构更强调动作的结果而不是动作本身. The president got killed in 1990.Suppose you drink five bottles of beer, do you think you would get drunk?d. 当宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语时，不能用于被动语态e.g He deep
12、ly interested himself in English. We help each other.We live a happy life now.He hurt himself at the sport meet. - He was hurt at the school meet.We lost ourselves at the forest. - We were lost in e. 主动形式表示被动意义1) be worth doing 值得去做. 主动表示被动还有：need, want, require,这三个词“需要讲时， 用主动表示被动。The book is worth
13、reading. The boy is worth _(teach).My watch needsrequires/wants repairing. My watch needs to be repaired.Your hair need _(cut).2) 不定式的主动形式有时有被动意义在tooto句型中有时有被动意义。The box is too heavy to carry.enough to do 结构也有时有被动意义。The room is not enough to have a meeting in.3)在：主语+have+n+to do结构中， 一般用主动形式该动作由主语发出，
14、如果不是主语发出来的不定式用被动式。动词还有：give, get, buy, lend, wantI have some clothes to wash today. I have a lot of homework to do.Have you anything to be taken to Shanghai? Ill go to Shanghai tomorrow.Do you have any clothes to be washed?Please give me something to eat.4) 主语+形容词easy, hard, difficult, heavy, light,
15、 comfortable, fit, dangerous+不定式不定式主动表示被动。The math problem is hard to work out.The chair_(comfortable, sit).I find the water in the well fit to drink.My mother _(difficult, persuade).5)break, wash, sell等动词用作不及物动词，常用主动表示被动。Glass breaks easily. The book sells well.This kind of cloth washes very well.6
16、) feel, look, taste, smell, sound, seem, fall, remain, appear等表示“。起来，常用主动表示被动。What he said sounds a good idea. The silk feels good. The fish tastes good.7) 系表结构和被动语态区别强调动作或句中由介词by+执行者，一般为被动语态。The glass is broken.The glass is broken by the boy.句子中有地点、频率或时间状语，一般为被动语态。The magazine is published in Shang
17、hai. TThe door has been locked. T被动语态和时态结合：The build is being built. The machine is being repaired. A new school will be built here.Exercises:1. The pencil _ (write) well.2. Math is difficult _(learn).3. I saw him enter the room. = He _the room.4. An exhibition of paintings _(hold) at the museum nex
18、t week.5. My watch _(break) by my little sister.6. He was cleaning his room when I entered in.=His room _by him when I entered in.7. We must take care of our parents when they are old.= Our parents_when they are old.8. Father will give me an dictionary.= A dictionary _me by my father.9. The question
19、 asked by him is hard _(answer).10. No permission has _(give) to enter the building.11. He received a telegram _(read), “Mother sick.12. Im sorry; your bike isnt ready yet. It _(repair) at the factory.13. I shall have finished reading the novel by dinner time.= The novel_reading (by me) by dinner time.