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1、Non-Non-finitefinite VerbsVerbs非谓语动词非谓语动词Some proverbs in English:1.A risingrising tide lifts all boats.2.Time lost lost cannot be recalled.3.To standTo stand still is to move backto move back.4. It is no use cryingcrying over spiltspilt milk.5. To open To open a book is always beneficial.6. A man i
2、s never too old to learnto learn.Forms of non-finite verbs: the the infinitive( infinitive(不定式不定式) ) 主动式主动式 被动式被动式 一般式一般式 完成式完成式 进行式进行式 完成进行式完成进行式to doto be doneto have doneto have been doneto be doingto have been doing/ V-ing(present participle) 主动式主动式 被动式被动式 一般式一般式 完成式完成式doingbeing donehaving done
3、having been done 一般式一般式被动式被动式动名词复合结构动名词复合结构 V-ing (gerund)doing being donesbs doing V-ed (past participle)done “not” must be put before the non-finitenot+to dodoingdone非谓语动词的否定式非谓语动词的否定式主语 宾语 定语 表语 宾补 主补状语时间 原因 条件 伴随 目的 结果不定式动名词现在分词过去分词syntactic functions of non-finite verbsHow to fill non-finite ve
4、rbs correctly in the grammatical cloze test?Four steps to followStep 1. Analyze the sentence structure and decide whether to use finite or non-finite Combine the following two sentences into one according to the requirement： Mary is clever. She learns English well. _Mary is clever, she learns Englis
5、h well （adverbial clause of reason） Mary is clever _she learns English well. (adverbial clause of result) Mary is clever _ she learns English well. (compound complex sentence) Mary is clever, _ learns English well.(attributive clause ) _ clever, Mary learns English well. Mary is clever, _ English we
6、ll.BecausesoandwhoBeinglearningPay special attention to coma(,) and conjunctions when dealing with the non-finite verbs.thatPractice:Distinguish finite or non-finite?1. He _ many times , but he still couldnt understand it . (tell) 2. _ many times, he still couldnt understand it . (permit)3_to the le
7、ft , youll find the post office . (turn)4. If you _to the left , youll find the post office谓语谓语非谓语非谓语非谓语非谓语谓语谓语5 _to the left and youll find the post office . (turn)谓语谓语_1.manytimes,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.(tell)2._manytimes,hestillcouldntunderstandit.(tell)3._totheleft,youllfindthepostoffice.
8、(turn)4.Ifyou_totheleft,youllfindthepostoffice.(turn)5._totheleftandyoullfindthepostoffice.(turn)He had been toldHaving been toldTurningturnTurnThe one who takes action or bears action is called logical subject. Step 2. Analyze the logical subject of the non-finite verb.n1.Canthose_(sit)atthebackhea
9、rme?n2.Thestormleft,_(cause)alotofdamagetothisarea.n3.Weareinvitedtoaparty_(hold)inourclubnextFriday.n4._fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.(see)n5._fromspace,theearthlooksblue.(see)n6.Iwanttohavemyhair_(cut).n7._(bite)twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourletters.Skill 3. Analyze the voice of the non-fi
10、nite verb, active or passive voice. After deciding the logical subject, if this subject takes action, we use active voice. If the subject bears action, we use passive voice. sittingcausingto be heldSeeingSeencutBittenn1.thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside(wash)n2.Thebuilding_nowwillbearestauran
11、t.(build)3.Thebuilding_nextyearwillbearestaurant.(build)4.Thebuilding_lastyearisarestaurant.(build)n5.Theenginejustwontstart.Somethingseemsn(go)wrongwithit.Step 4. Analyze tense of the non-finite verb, present, past or future?If there are adverbial of tense or two verbs happen at different time, we
12、should consider applying tense to non-finite verbs.Having washedbeing builtto be builtbuiltto have gone1. 根据句子结构确定是否用非谓语动词根据句子结构确定是否用非谓语动词2.找准逻辑主语找准逻辑主语3.判断主、被动关系判断主、被动关系4.判断时间先后关系判断时间先后关系 Consolidation-Exercise 1 1. (15全国全国) The walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool) the hous
13、e during the hot day.2. (2014湖南湖南)Children, when (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.3. (2014山东山东) Theres a note (pin) to the door saying when the shop will open again.4(2014天津天津) (write) carefully and thoughtfully , the book inspires confidence in students who wish to see
14、k their own answers.5(2014北京北京) Last night, there were millions of people (watch)the opening ceremony live on TV. to coolaccompaniedpinnedWrittenwatching Consolidation-Exercise 1 6.(2014江苏江苏) The lecture (give), a lively question-and answer session followed. 7. (2013湖南湖南) The sun began to rise in th
15、e sky, (bathe)the mountain in golden light.8. (2013江苏江苏) Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and (reduce)to ruins, the city took on a new look.9(2012浙江浙江)No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better (remain) silent.10(2012山东山东)George returned after the war, on
16、ly (tell) that his wife had left him.having been givenbathingbeing reducedto remainto be told独立主格结构独立主格结构1 . Weather _ (permit), we are going to visit you tomorrow.2. There _no buses , we had to walk home.(be)3.It _Sunday, I shall have a quiet day at home . (be) 4. The dirty clothes _ , the girl hun
17、g them up outside. (wash)If the logical subject isnt the subject of the whole sentence, we have to keep this logical subject. Structures like this are called absolute structure, or we say 独立主格结构独立主格结构permittingbeingbeinghaving been washedChinas First Lady Born to a family of artists in Shandong Prov
18、ince, Peng showed a strong interest in music. _(admit) to a local university of art and design at age 14, she studied even harder. In 1983, _ (consider) her great artistic talent, she was invited to sing in the first Spring Festival Gala, _(broadcast) nationwide by CCTV. Admittedconsideringbroadcast
19、独立成分做状语独立成分做状语独立成分作状语独立成分作状语 实话实说实话实说 与与相比相比 一切考虑在内一切考虑在内 根据根据判断判断 把把考虑在内考虑在内 一般而言一般而言 考虑到考虑到to tell (you) the truthcompared with/to all things consideredjudging by/from taking into account/considerationgenerally speakingConsidering/ Given _(appoint) as ambassador for smoke control in 2009, she was
20、thought _(be) of great help to _(improve) Chinas image overseas. Appointedto beimprovingtoto 固定搭配固定搭配 to +V-ing: lead to look forward to, be devoted to, get down to, be (get) used to, stick to, pay attention to, in addition to, be addicted to , be accustomed to 固定搭配固定搭配: Sb/sth be said/ considered/
21、thought/ believed to do Now, _(be) Chinas new First Lady, Peng enjoys much more popularity. When reaching Moscow, her arms _ (hold) on to Xis, they walked down the stairway and immediately hit the headlines. _(dress) in an elegant black belted coat, Peng has become something of a global style icon.
22、beingholdingDressed独立主格独立主格 _ W i t h t h e w o r d “ P e n g L i y u a n S t y l e ” _(appear) on the Internet, online retailers have tried _ (associate) their products with what she wore. appearingto associatewithwith的的复合结构复合结构 try to do / doingtry to do / doing with 的复合结构的复合结构:with +object+object
23、 complement(1) He received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it. (finish)(2) With so many problems _, the newly elected president is having a hard time. (solve)(3) With oil prices _, I often ride to school. (go up)finishedto solvegoing up1. When she heard the news, she
24、 burst into crying._ the news, she burst into crying.2. Australia is located on the west coast of the Pacific. Australia is the largest country in Oceania.Australia， _ _ the west coast of the Pacific， is the largest country in Oceania.Use non-finite verbs to rewrite the following sentences :Hearingl
25、ocated on 3. Though I admit what he has said, I still doubt he didnt do his best. _ _ _ _ _, I still doubt he didnt do his best.4. Because I missed the bus, I went to school late. _ _ _, I went to school late.Admitting what he hassaidMissing the bus5.When I was walking in the street , I saw him. _ i
26、n the street , I saw him. 6.If you work hard,_hard , you will succeed. WalkingWorking7.Although he had failed many times , he didnt lose heart. _many times , he didnt lose heart.8.As she was scolded by the teacher, the girl sat there without lifting her head._ ,the girl sat there without lifting her head.Having failedScolded by the teacher