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1、高中语法专题（二）高中语法专题（二）状状 语语 从从 句句时间时间状语从句状语从句原因原因状语从句状语从句地点地点状语从句状语从句目的目的状语从句状语从句结果结果状语从句状语从句条件条件状语从句状语从句让步让步状语从句状语从句比较比较状语从句状语从句方式方式状语从句状语从句引导词引导词 when whenever as while before after until (till) since as soon as onceeach/every timenext timethe first timethe momentthe minuteinstantlyimmediatelydirectly
2、(一一就就)no soonerthanhardly/scarcelywhen1)when的用法的用法：sb was doingwhen 正在做某事 .突然发生另一件事sb be about to do when 正要做 .突然发生另一件事sb had donewhen 刚做完某事.突然发生另一件事2.)几种特殊句型与强调结构的区别几种特殊句型与强调结构的区别： It is/was + 具体时间点 + when 那是在时发生的 It is/has been +时段 + since 自从以来过了多久了 It will be/was +时段 + before (现在时/过去时)要过/已经过了多久才
3、It is /was +时间状语+that 就是在时间发生的某事，是强调句3).before的用法：的用法： A：表“还未来得及就” B：表“过一段时间才”，4).在在notuntil结构中，谓语用短暂性动词，结构中，谓语用短暂性动词， “直到直到才才”; 肯定句中谓语为延续性动词，用肯定句中谓语为延续性动词，用until表表“一直持续到一直持续到”。考查重点考查重点5) no soonerthan hardly/scarcelywhen 刚刚就就A. 时态：主句用时态：主句用过去完成时过去完成时（had + pp） 从句用从句用一般过去时一般过去时B. 倒装：倒装： no sooner/ha
4、rdly/scarcely放句首，放句首，主句主句要要 到装到装She had no sooner arrived at the station than the train started to move.No sooner had she arrived at the station than .He had hardly entered the hotel when it began to snow.Hardly had he entered the hotel when it began to snow1.We were told that we should follow the m
5、ain road_we reached the central railway station. (2004辽宁) A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever2.It is almost five years_we saw each other last time.(2005北京) A. before B. since C. after D. when3.Simon thought his computer was broken_his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it
6、 on. (2005北京春) A. until B. unless C. after D. because4.The American Civil War lasted four years_the North won in the end.(2005广东30) A. after B. before C. when D. then5.-Did Jack come back early last night？ (2005福建) -Yes. It was not yet eight oclock_ he arrived home. A. before B. when C. that D. unti
7、l6.We were swimming in the lake_suddenly the storm started A.when B.while C.until D.before (2004北京春) B B A B B Abecause, since, as, for, now( that), considering (that), seeing (that)考虑到鉴于考虑到鉴于鉴于由于因为鉴于由于因为考查重点考查重点because, since, as, forbecause直接原因，非推断语气最强回答whysince 通常放句首译为“既然”as 不谈自明的原因，语气最弱for 放句中，对
8、前面一句话的内容的补充说明 。1.Parents should take seriously their childrens requests for sunglasses _eye protection is necessary in sunny weather. (2004上海) A. because B. though C. unless D. if2.Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada,_this was a memory she especially treasured.(2006
9、广东) A. as B. if C. when D. where A A地点状语从句由地点状语从句由where. wherever引导。引导。where指指“在某个地方在某个地方”，wherever指指“无论哪里，在任何一个地方无论哪里，在任何一个地方”，在使用时：一要注，在使用时：一要注意两者的含义区别。二要注意状语从句和定语从句的区别。三意两者的含义区别。二要注意状语从句和定语从句的区别。三要注意在状语从句中不可使用介词要注意在状语从句中不可使用介词+which引导。出题者既考状引导。出题者既考状语从句又考定语从句和状语从句的区别。还加入名词性从句这语从句又考定语从句和状语从句的区别。还加
10、入名词性从句这一干扰项。一干扰项。1.If you are traveling_the customs are really foreign to your own，please do as the Romans do. (2006天津) A.in which B.what C.when D.where2.In peace，too，the Red Cross is expected to send help_there is human suffering. A.whoever B.however C.whatever D.wherever ( 06江西)3.-Mom，what did you
11、r doctor say？ (2006四川) -He advised me to live_the air is fresher. A.in where B.in which C.the place where D.where D D D目的状语从句和结果状语从句目的状语从句和结果状语从句 引导目的状语从句连词有：引导目的状语从句连词有：in case, so that, in order that, for fear that。 so that引导状语从句只能置于主句之后。In order that引导状语从句可放主句之前或之后。目的状语从句的谓语常含有can，could，may，might
12、情态动词。这也是与结果状语从句的一个区别。引导结果状语从句的连词有：结果状语从句的连词有：so that，sothat，suchthat.结果状语放在主句之后。 注意：注意：在sothat，suchthat结构中一般成分齐全。这也是与as引导定语从句的区别。在soas，suchas 这一结构中，as引导定语从句，在句中做成分。1.Roses need special care_they can live through winter. A.because B.so that C.even D.as (04全国卷I)2.Id like to arrive 20 minutes early_I c
13、an have time for a cup of tea. (2005北京) A.as soon as B.as a result C.in case D.so that3.Youd better take something to read when you go to see the doctor_you have to wait. (2005广东) A.even if B.as if C.in case D.in order that4.His plan was such a good one_we all agreed to accept it. A.so B.and C.that
14、D.as(2006陕西) B D C C if as/so long as as far as unless in case（如果）（如果） suppose/supposing (that)Providing/provided (that)on condition thatgiven (that) 条件状语从句一般考查三点：1)在条件状语从句中常用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用一般过 去时表过去将来时。 2)if，unless，in case是考查重点。3)when还可表条件，这一点不可忽视。意思是：既然，考虑到。 如： How can they learn anything when they
15、 spend all their spare time watching television？他们把所有空闲的时间都用来看电视了， 还能学到什么东西呢？1._you call me to say youre not coming，Ill see you at the theatre. (2004吉林) A.Though B.Whether C.Until D. Unless 2.-What would you do if it _ tomorrow？ -We have to carry it on，since weve got everything ready. A.rain B.rains
16、 C.will rain D.is raining (05全国)3.You must keep on working in the evening_you are sure you can finish the task in time. (2005安徽) A.as B.if C.when D.unless4._youve tried it，you cant imagine how pleasant it is A.Unless B.Because C.Although D.When (06北京)5.In time of serious accidents，_we know some basi
17、c things about first aid，we can save lives. (2006重庆) A.whether B.until C.if D.unless D B D A C 让步状语从句的连词有：让步状语从句的连词有：though /although“尽管尽管”，even if /even though“即使即使”，no matter how(what，when，which，who， where)，however(whatever，whenever，whichever，whoever， wherever), as“尽管尽管” 1)although与与though可互换，都可以与
18、可互换，都可以与yet，still连用，但不能和连用，但不能和but连用。连用。2)However引导让步状语从句时后紧跟形容词或副词。引导让步状语从句时后紧跟形容词或副词。3)While也可引导让步状语从句，这一点特容易被考生忽视。也可引导让步状语从句，这一点特容易被考生忽视。4)Whatever修饰名词，修饰名词，“无论什么无论什么”，however修饰形容词、副词，修饰形容词、副词，“无论多么，无论多么， 无论怎么无论怎么”。5)even if/even though(即使即使)与与as if/as though(好像好像)这两组学生容易混淆，这两组学生容易混淆， 也是出题者关注的对象，
19、平时要记准含义。也是出题者关注的对象，平时要记准含义。1._，I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.(04上海春) A. However the story is amusing B. No matter amusing the story is C. However amusing the story is D. No matter how the story is amusing2._I accept that he is not perfect，I do actually like the pers
20、on. (04江苏) A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless3.You should try to get a good nights sleep_ much work you have to do.(04湖北) A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever4.He tried his best to solve the problem，_difficult it was. (05天津) A. however B. no matter C. whatever D. although5.Allow childr
21、en the space to voice their opinion，_they are different from your own. (05湖南) A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though6.The old tower must be saved，_the cost . (05浙江) A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever7._he has limited technical knowledge，the old worker has a lot of experience A. Sinc
22、e B. Unless C. As D. Although. (06全国卷I) C A A A B B Daslikeas if/as thoughthan / as注意省略注意省略The project was completed earlier than (it was) expected.He worked as fast as a skilled worker (worked).Repeat this as often as (it) is necessary.Then see a doctor as soon as (it is) possible.Do you have to fe
23、ed plants like you feed chickens?Do it like I tell you.（1）连词连词 + 过去分词过去分词Dont speak until spoken to. Pressure can be increased when needed. Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use. （2）连词连词 +现在分词现在分词Look out while crossing the street. （3）连词连词 + 形容词形容词 / 其他常见的有其他常见的有 if necessary, if possible,
24、when necessary, if any等。状语状语从句中从句的省略现象从句中从句的省略现象(08安徽安徽) Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday? Yes, , Im going to visit some homes for the old in the city. A. If ever B. If busy C. If anything D. If possible考查省略句。此句的意思是：“你们为即将到来的假期做了特别的计划没？”“是的，如果有可能的话，我们将去拜访这座城市的老年之家。”if possibl
25、e是if it is possible 的省略形式。剖析剖析tips由as, once，when，while，before，after，till，until引导的时间状语从句;由if，unless，whether引导的条件状语从句;由though，although，even if，whatever引导的让步状语从句；由as，than引导的比较状语从句；由as，as if，as though引导的方式状语从句都可以出现省略现象，当然应该遵循一定的规则。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be. (1) He looked everywhere as if ( he was ) in search of something. (2) The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected. (3) He opened his lips as if ( he were) to speak.