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1、高考英语阅读理解高分技巧一、常见题型分析(一)主旨大意题主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，作者在文章中努力通过各种细节信息来说明中心话题。因此，把握主旨大意对于正确理解全文具有重要意义。要找出主旨大意，应采用快速阅读法浏览全文，阅读时要注意抓住表达中心思想的句子。文章不同，中心句在文章中的位置也就不同，但一般情况下阅读时应特别留意文章的开头、结尾及各个段落的首句和尾句，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。What is the main idea of this passage?What dose this passage ma
2、inly concern?The main theme of this passage is_The main point of the passage is_Which of the following is the best title for the passage?The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is_The purpose of the writer writing this passage is_Which of the following best describes the passage as a
3、whole?文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来表达，有以下几种情况：1。题句位于句首。主题句出现在文首，开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎写作法。 2。主题句位于段末。主题句出现在文章结尾是作者采用了先摆事实，后作结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。这是英语中最常见的归纳写作法。3. 主题句首尾照应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾照应的写作方法也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或开展的意味。4。主题句位于段落的中间。主题句出现在文章的中间，通常前面只提出问题，文章的主
4、题由随之陈述的细节或符合逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、说明或开展。5。主题句隐含在段意之中。全文没有明确的主题句。其中心思想包含在各个句子中，在这种情况下，读者要把所有的细节综合起来，进行逻辑推理，概括归纳出主题句。【典例1】 The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take。Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid(电网). Just
5、as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replaces filters monthly or as needed。Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 1
6、2,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than 65 per year。Carpool. The average U.S. commuter(乘车上班族) could save about 260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two people in a car that gets 20.1 mpgas
7、suming the three passengers share the cost of gas. This passage is mainly about _。A. energy-saving tipsB. fuel-saving tipsC. do-it-yourself tips D. environment-protecting tips【解析】 本文主要介绍了如何节约能源。本文是一篇科普文章，主题很明显，文章一开始就点明了主题，接下来整篇文章都是围绕如何save energy展开，而save fuel仅仅只是其中的一局部。应选A。针对主旨大意类题目，应采用快速阅读法(Skimmin
8、g)浏览全文。在阅读时，应特别注意文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句，因为他们往往名包含文章的中心议题。【典例2】 Domestic (驯养的) horses now pull ploughs, race in the Kentucky Derby, and carry police. But early horses werent tame (驯服的) enough to perform these kinds of tasks. Scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far differe
9、nt from those today。Thousands of years ago, people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food. Over time, people began to catch the animals and raise them. This was the first step in domestication。The domestication of horses has had great effects on societies. For example, horse were imp
10、ortant tools in the advancement of modern agriculture. Using them to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently. Before they were able to ride horses, humans had to cross land on foot. Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distance in much less time. That
11、 encouraged populations living in different areas to interact with one another. The new from of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world. The passage is mainly about _。A. why humans domesticated horsesB. how humans and horses needed each otherC. why horses came in different shape
12、s and sizesD. how human societies and horses influenced each other【解析】本文以时间为顺序，记叙了人类对马的驯化以及马对人类的生活所产生的重要影响。此题考查主旨大意。前四段说明，人类驯养了野马，使得马的种类繁多，这是人类社会对马的影响；最后一段说明，马作为交通工具加速了人类文化传播的进程。故文章的主题应是D所说的内容。此主题句出现在文章的最后一段。如果文章没有明确的主题句，文章的中心思想往往包含在各个段落中，考生可采取提纲挈领的方法，通过分析细节把文章的要点归纳出来，概括出全文的中心思想。选择标题属主旨大意题，是阅读理解题常考的
13、题型之一。那么怎么样选择文章的标题？ 选择文章标题属深层次理解题，它要求考生在通读全文的根底上，认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章大意及作者写作意图，在此根底上，所选出的标题还应做到概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合。1。概括性原那么 要求标题应在最大限度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，表达文章的主旨。标题实际上是文章主题的一种确认方式。前面我们提到，通过寻找主题句，往往很容易确定短文的标题。但大多数文章的主题句并不明显，需要我们通过体会字里行间蕴含的意思从整体上把握文章的主旨，从全局的角度概括归纳出文章的标题。要防止本末倒置，主次不分，以点代面，以偏概全。2。针对性原那么 针对性原那么是对标题外延
14、的一种界定。概括性原那么要求文章标题包括文章的主要内容。但如果标题过大，就违背了针对性原那么、针对性原那么要求标题不能太过于概括，而是要直接指向文章的主旨。即标题不能太大也不能太小。要量体裁衣，大小适度。3。醒目性原那么 标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂。标题的好坏往往会影响文章的可读性。读者往往从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍。故标题往往比拟醒目，甚至比拟离奇，目的是为了吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。所以在标题选择的过程中，在满足概括性和针对性的条件下，还要考虑标题的醒目性。(二)推理判断题推理判断题是指在理解原文字面意义的根底上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判
15、断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。推理判断题在阅读中属于难度较高的题型，通常占总题数的15%30%。它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的根底上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。常出现的推理题有逻辑推理，知识推理等。这类考题中常出现的词有：infer, imply, suggest, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, can, could, might, may等。From p
16、aragraph one we can infer that_What can be inferred from the passage?We can infer from the text that?What can we learn from?We can conclude from the passage that_The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that_The author implies that_This passage would most likely be found in_The
17、 authors attitude towardis_?推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的根底上，掌握文章的真正内涵。(1)要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和根底；(2)要对文字的外表信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全；(3)要忠实于原文，不能主观臆想，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；(4)要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑开展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。【典例1】 Michael Fish
18、 may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishierthe shark(鲨鱼)。Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms。Lauren Smith, 24, is close to completing her study on sharks ability to sense pressure。If her studies prove the theory, sci
19、entists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather。It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system。At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas, Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature, while also t
20、racking them using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology。In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tidal(潮汐的) and temperature changes on dogfishnone of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic(模拟) oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts。She is due to comp
21、lete her study and graduate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research. (卷)44. The passage is most probably taken from _。A. a short-story collectionB. a popular science magazineC. a research paperD. a personal dia
22、ry45. What do we learn from the first four paragraph of the passage?A. Sharks may be used to predict bad weather。B. Sharks behaviour can be controlled。C. Michael Fish is not qualified for his job。D. Lauren Smith will become a weather forecaster。如：Mary is due to leave at two oclock。【解析】 本文为科普类文章，介绍了一
23、位英国生物系学生对于鲨鱼来预测暴风雨的研究。44. B 推理判断题。此题适宜用排除法。由文章内容来看这是一篇科普文，A、D可删除，由文章的语言来看，并未出现大量的专业术语，可删除C “a research paper(科研论文)45. A 推理判断题。由第一段和第四段可知，前四段所要表达的含义为If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behavior of Sharks to predict bad weather。(科学家们可以通过监视鲨鱼的行为来预测不好的天气。故A 项正确。细节推断题要求
24、学生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。解答此类题，不仅需要我们有一定的社会根底知识，而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。【典例2】 It had been some time since Jack had seen the old man. College, carrier, and life itself got in the way. In fact, Jack moved clear across the country in pursuit of the dreams. There
25、, in the rush of his busy life, Jack had little time to think about the past and often no time to spend with his wife and son. He was working on his future, and nothing could stop him。Over the phone, his mother told him, “Mr. Belser died last night. The funeral is Wednesday。 Memories fleshed through
26、 his mind like an old newsreel as he sat quietly remembering his childhood days。Inside he found these words carved: “Jack. Thanks for your time! Harold Belser。“Oh. My God! This is the thing he valued most Jack held the watch for a few minutes, then called his assistant and cleared his appointments f
27、or the next two days. “Why? his assistant asked。“I need some time to spend with my son, he said. 69. Why did Jack say he needed some time to spend with his son?A. He was very tired of his work and wanted to have a good rest。B. He had promised to spare more time to stay with his son。C. He had missed
28、his son and his family for days。D. He came to realize the importance of the time with his family。【解析】 本文属于记叙文，文章由邻居之死而引出一个不容无视的社会主题：友情、亲情才是最重要的。69. D推理判断题，由文中可知Belser的遗言对Jack触动很大，同时也使他开始领悟到：只有亲人、朋友才是生活中最重要的。因果推断题要求考生根据结果推测导致该结果产生的可能原因，考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。答复推理判断题的试题时，考生一定要牢记，能够直接从文中找到的选项不是正确选项，因为与
29、原文一样的句子不叫推理。只有那些没有在文中直接出现，但根据文中的信息经过推断可以得出的才是符合题意的正确选项。【典例3】As kids, my friends and I spent a lot of time out in the woods. “The woods was our part-time address, destination, purpose, and excuse. If I went to a friends house and found him not at home, his mother might say, “Oh, hes out in the woods,
30、 with a tone(语气) of airy acceptance. Its similar to the tone people sometimes use nowadays to tell me that someone Im looking for is on the golf course or at the gym, or even “away from his desk。 For us ten-year-olds, “being out in the woods was just an excuse to do whatever we feel like for a while
31、。It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end. By then some of us has reached seventh grade and had begun the rough ride of adolescence(青春期). In March, the month when we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends and I set out to go exploring. We
32、climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that were really were rather big to be up in a tree. Soon there would be the spring dances on Friday evenings in the high school cafeteria. 55. How does the author feel about his childhood?A. Happy but short. B. Lone
33、ly but memorable。C. Boring and meaningless. D. Long and unforgettable。【解析】本文描述了小时侯玩耍的“树林对与“我和朋友们的意义。主要讲述了我们在“树林中所从事的活动探索，以及之后随着年龄的增长，不再去那里的过程。55. A 从全文看，作者在“树林里过的很愉快，又由最后一段可知，当我们一局部人上了七年级之后。我们在“树林中的玩耍就结束了。很短暂。因此，正确选项为 A。做这一类题时一定注意：1. 由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。2. 要特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情
34、、态度观点的词语和作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。3. 能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。(三)词义推测题该题型主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对猜词悟义能力的考查，试题中有一到两个小题是直接考查词义猜想的。从考查内容看主要有猜想某个生词、熟词、短语或句子的意思以及猜想代词的指代等。Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word?The wordcould best be replaced by
35、?In theparagraph, the wordmeans(refers to)According to the passage,probably meansThe authors uses the wordto meanThe wordis most likely to mean。【典例1】 Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old d
36、aughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager。“I would never have said to my mom, Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it? says Ballm
37、er. “There was just a complete gap in taste。Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits。 41. The underlined word “gulf in Para.3 most probably means _。A. interest B. di
38、stance C. difference D. separation【解析】本文讲述“代沟的开展、变化。以40岁左右为分界线，之前和之后与子女间的关系在改变，虽然代沟越来越窄，但仍没有消失，家庭研究专家提醒新的平等关系也会导致子女对父母的不尊重。41. D 由上文中提到的 “he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager。以及“There was just a complete gap in taste。可知gulf应表示两代人之间关系的“代沟。separation指“分开，别
39、离。猜想词义时更多用到的方法是：结合上下文的意义、线索、内在逻辑关系。一般情况下，上下文所提示的意义与所考词汇通常是同义、反义或针对性解释的关系，可直接确定词义。根据上下文意义很难作出判断的，就考虑用句法和内在逻辑方法去判断，符合句法和内在逻辑的可能为正确答案，反之那么排除。【典例2】Dear Hamilton,We are fortunate that in such a large, high-pressure office we all get along so well. You are one of the people who keep the social temperature
40、 at such a comfortable setting. I dont know anyone in the office who is better liked than you。You can perhaps help with this. The collection of contributions towards gifts for employees personal-life events is becoming a little troubling. Certainly, the group sending of a gift is reasonable now and
41、then. In the past month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral(葬礼)remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts。Its not only the collected-from who are growing uncomfortable (and poor)， but the collected
42、-for feel uneasy receiving gifts from people who dont know them outside the office, who wouldnt even recognize their graduating children, their marrying daughters and sons, or their dead relatives。This is basically a kind gesture (and one that people think well of you for)， but the practice seems to
43、 have become too wide-ranging and feels improper in todays office setting。Thank you for understanding. 63. The underlined word “contributions probably means _。A. money B. suggestions C. reports D. understanding【解析】这是一篇书信，作者提出办公室里存在一种不好的现象：无论有什么事，办公室里所有人都凑份子钱。作者对这种做法提出质疑，说这种风气不好，并希望收信人能够关注此事。63. A 第二
44、段说凑份子是为了买礼物庆祝职员个人生活中的大事，比方婚礼，葬礼等。结合选项判断，画线局部的contributions指money，应选A。做题时，首先要仔细看单词来确定词性，是名词、动词、形容词还是副词，(如上面的高考题中的contributions，根据-tion我们可以推知该词应该是名词)；然后好好研究含有生词的从句或句子与其他的句子或段落之间的关系，或跟相邻单词或句子的关系，它们之间可能出现因果、比拟、时间、例证等关系，有时候标点符号也可以提供线索。最后还要根据上下文检测猜想结果的正确性。(四)细节理解题细节理解题在高考阅读理解题中占有相当大的比例。从全国各地的试题来看，细节理解题占全部
45、阅读理解题的50%还多。细节理解题一般是根据短文提供的信息和事实提问的。细节题可分为两种类型：一种是答案几乎可以直接出短文中获得，正确答案和原文中含相关信息的句子也几乎相同；另一种细节题要复杂一些，有时在原文中找不到同正确选项相近的词，正确答案可能是原文某一事实的结果、原因、前提等。细节理解题的特点是：要选择的答案一定要在短文中找到相关的词、短语、句子或段落。选择的依据必须是短文本身提供的信息，而绝不是根据自己的主观假设或推测或是自己的观点来决定。在阅读过程中对一些涉及到who, what, when, where, how, why等常考的细节内容做适当标记，以便于解题时迅速、准确的查找。A
46、ccording to the author, who/what/when/ where/which/why/how?Which of the following statements is true/not true?The statement made by the author is based on the evidence/example/fact that_Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the text?The author states all of the following EXCEPT_【典例1】 Despite the fact that it has never been seen almost everyone is familiar with the legendary unicorn(独角兽). Descriptions of unicorns have been found dating from ancient times. The great philosopher Aristotle theorized that there were two types of unicorn- the so-called Indian