四、形容词和副词.doc

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1、四、形容词和副词一、形容词形容词是指用来描述人或事物的性质、特征或状态的词。在句中通常做定语、表语和宾语补足语。如：1) She is a _ girl. (good/well)2) The teacher is very _ to us . (friend)3) It is very _ today .(sun)4) Please keep the window _ (close) because it is very _ (cold) outside.5) I think/find English very _ (easy).1、形容词的位置（1） 单个的形容词放在名词的前面。如： 这不是

2、个有趣的故事。This is not _ _ story. 我有2条难题要问你。I have two _ questions _ _ you.(2) 一个名词被两个或更多的形容词修饰时，关系密切、意义较重要的形容词更靠近被修饰的名词，其排列顺序为：限定词（冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词、名词所有格）+数词+观点性质（good/bad/interesting）+大小/形状+老少/新旧+颜色+国籍+材料/质地/用途+被修饰词。 巧记口诀：限数观形老，颜色国籍材。如： 桑迪的哥哥是个年轻英俊的小伙子。 Sandys brother is _ _ _ man. 我想买一件浅蓝色的羊毛(woolen

3、)衫。 I want to buy _ _ _ _ sweater. 她有一朵漂亮的小红花。 She has _ _ _ _ flower.(3) 当形容词修饰不定代词时，形容词要后置。 即形容词要放在不定代词的后面，不定代词放形容词的前面。如： 我有重要的事情要告诉你。I have _ to tell you .(A. important something B. something important) 今天的报纸上有新的消息吗？ _ (Is/Are) there _ in todays newspaper ?sth. new B. new sth. C. new anything D.

4、anything new(4) 表示“长、宽、高等的”度量衡形容词，修饰短语时，放在后面。 即句型：数词+量词+长、宽、高等形容词。如：这桌子2米长，1.5米宽1米高。The desk is two metres long, 1.5metres wide and 1 metre high.2、形容词的主要功能（1）作定语，修饰名词或代词。 a beautiful girl, a living tiger, a new book注意: 有些形容词不能做定语。 如：afraid, asleep( ), awake( ), alive ( ), alone( ),ill( )（2）作表语。如： 这几

5、天我们很忙。 We are very _ these days. 你看上去很健康。 You look very _ .(3) 作宾语补足语。能带形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, find, think, leave, make等。如： 我们必须保持教室干净。 We must _ the classroom _ . 我觉得英语很容易。I find/think English _. 谁让窗子开着的？ Who _ the window _ ? 那消息使我们很兴奋。The news _ us very _ .注意1：有些形容词（old, new, true, beautiful, bad, ug

6、ly, good, poor, rich等）和定冠词the连用，就有了名词的性质，表示一类人或事物。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： 老人总喜欢古典音乐。_ _always_ classical music. 富人应该帮助穷人。_ rich should help _ poor.注意2：基数词+名词（用连字符相连）构成的复合形容词，只能用作定语，放在名词前。这时此结构中的名词必须用单数形式。如： 在2003年10月15日上午9点，38岁的杨利伟乘飞船驶入太空。_ 9a.m _ October 15th,2003, _ Yang Liwei flew into space by spacesh

7、ip. 这个3岁的孩子会说三种语言。This _ boy can speak three languages.注意3、名词可以转化为形容词。 N.+y=adj. 或 N.+ful= adj. 如： sun _,rain _, snow_, luck _, health_, noise_,wonder_, care_, use_, help_. 二、副词副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词，或一个句子。表示时间、地点、方式、程度等概念。1、副词的分类。 副词可以分为方式副词 well, fast, carefully; 程度副词 very, enough, quite;地点副词here,there,o

8、ut,home; 时间副词today,soon,now;频度副词always,often,never,usually; 疑问副词where,when,how和其他also,too,only。2、副词的位置。 副词修饰动词时一般放在动词的后面，修饰形容词时一般放在形容词的前面。如：1）他英语说得好。 He speaks English _ . (good / well)2）这房子很大。 The house is _ _ .3）我今天起来很迟。I get up _ _ this morning.4）幸运的是他通过了考试。_ ,he passed the exam.注意1: 时间副词与地点副词同时使

9、用时，一般_在前，_在后， 且小单位在前，大单位在后。如： 我们将在明天下午2点到达三亚。 We will get to Sanya _ two oclock tomorrow afternoon.注意2：频度副词多放在所修饰的动词之前， 当句中有be动词、助动词或情态动词时，频度副词应放在这些词之_ . 如：1）我们有时周末去看电影。We _ _ to the cinema at weekends.2）这个淘气的孩子总是上学迟到。The naughty boy _ _ late _ school.注意3：程度副词修饰形容词、副词时，一般放前面。 但enough要后置。如：1）今天的天气相当冷

10、。The weather today is _ cold.2) 我对这件事知道得够清楚了。I know _ about this matter. (A. enough clearly B. clearly enough)3) 他不够上学的年龄。He isnt _ to go to school. (A. enough old B. old enough)3、副词的功能 作状语。 如：你说得太快。 我们听不懂。You speak _ fast. We cant understand.猴子是一种很聪明的动物。The monkey is a _ _ animal.(2) 作表语。（仅少数副词） 如：

11、 放学了。 School _ _ . 天色已经很晚了。 我必须走了。It is very _ . I must go now.(3) 作定语。（仅少数副词） （副词做定语往往后置） 如： 这儿的生活很有意义。Life _ is very interesting. 今天的天气很好。The weather _ is very fine.(4) 做宾语补足语。（仅少数副词） 如： 让他进去。 Let _ _ . 她打开门，发现一个包在外面。She opened the door and found a bag _.三、形容词可以转化为副词。即：形容词+ ly=副词。如：bad _, careful

12、_, slow _, quick _, happy_,easy_, true _, terrible _, polite_.注意1：不是所有的形容词变副词都是加“-ly”。 如： good _, fast _ , late_, early_注意2：不是所有以“-ly”结尾的词都是副词，有些是形容词。 如：friendly( ), lovely( ), lonely( )另：形容词和副词还有比较等级的运用。练习一、用所给词的适当形式填空1. They are very _ . They are talking _ (happy).2. He is a _ driver. He drives ve

13、ry _ . (care)3. He is a _ teacher. He teaches _ . (good)4. That is an _ question. We can work it out _ . (easy)5. How _ (heavy) it is raining ! What a _(heavy) rain it is ! 6. - The wind is very _ (strong). - Yes. It is blowing _ (strong).7. Daming is a very _ (friend) boy, we all like him.8. The br

14、ead tastes _ and sells （卖）_. (好)9. The bread tastes _ and smells _. (好)10. We find it _(easy) to get along with him.二、选择1. - How is the old woman ? - She looks _ . A. sadly B. exciting C. happy D. angrily2. - Mum, my uncle and aunt are coming for dinner this evening. - OK. Lets give them _ to eat.A.

15、 something different B. different something C. anything different D. different anything3. That apple is _ high. I cant get it. A. much B. very much C. too D. very too4. They arent classmates. But they go to _ school. A. different B. a different C. a same D. the same5. - Jim, where is my coat ? - _ ,

16、 I dont know. A. Well B. Sorry C. Excuse me D. Thank you6. Its 7:30 now. its time to go _ . A. the classroom B. the factory C. to home D. home7. The old tower looks nice. Its about _ . A. 12-meter high B. 12-meter-high C. 12-meters high D. 12 meters high8. - Can you understand me ? - Sorry, I can _

17、understand you. A. hardly(几乎不) B. almost (几乎) C. about D. ever9. - Have you got my e-mail today ? - Oh, there is _ with my computer. A. sth. wrong B. anything wrong C. nothing wrong D. everything wrong10. Jane has a _ voice. She sang _ at the party last night. A. good, beautiful B. sweet, beautifull

18、y C. well, nicely D. wonderful, great11. There is _ work for them to do. A. much B. many C. lots D. a lot12. The play is very _ . The boy is _ in it. A. interesting, interesting B. interesting, interested C. interested, interesting D. interested, interested13. Eat _ can keep our body _ . A. health,

19、healthy B. healthy, health C. healthily, healthy D. healthy, healthily14. The man runs _ to catch up with the train. A. slow enough B. enough slow C. fast enough D. enough fast15. The meat smells _. Lets throw it away. A. good B. well C. terribly(糟糕地) D. terrible三、短文首字母填空 This is my bedroom. Its bri

20、ght and c_. There are many beautiful pictures on the wall. Some of them are famous stars p_. You can see Jackie Chan and Jay Chou in the big picture. Jackie is my f_ action movie s_ . His movies are very e_. I o_ go to see his movies. I like his movies v_ much. Chou is a popular s_. He sings very w_

21、. One of the p_ is my familys. You can see my parents, my sister and me in it. My p_ look very young. My sister is in f_ of my mother. She is very h_.四、选择方框里适当的词，并用其正确形式填空late, put, early, office, careful, sit, sleep, happy, or, have, quick , classroom Today is Wednesday. _ in the morning, the birds

22、 are singing _ in the garden. Peter is _ in bed. Suddenly his mother comes in and says,” Peter, get up _ you will be late.” Peter _ on his clothes quickly and has a _ breakfast. Then he goes to school in a hurry. When he gets to school, his Chinese teacher, Mr Chen is _ class. All the students are _

23、 quietly in the classroom and listening to him _ . when Mr Chen sees him, he says angrily, “Peter, you are _ again. Please follow me to my _ after class.”五、任务型阅读阅读下面的信息卡，然后用适当的词语完成下列句子，每空一词。The King FamilyDate: 12 MarchFlight: No. CA 309Leaving Tianjin: 0600Arrive in Haikou: 10251. The (1)_ will fly

24、 to Haikou (2)_ Tree-Planting Day.2. Their plane (3)_ is No. CA 309.3. 0600 hour means six oclock in the (4)_.4. It takes (5)_ _hours to arrive in Haikou from Tianjin.四、形容词和副词的比较等级的运用。1.原级。表示单个事物的特征。常与very, so, quite, too, enough,asas, not asas等。1)The book is new. 2) You are quite tall. 3)The shirt

25、is too expensive.注意：也可用于表示两个事物程度一样，“as.as”米莉和艾米一样苗条。Millie is _ _ _ Amy. 2.比较级 表示两个事物之间的比较。常和than连用。1) It is _ today than yesterday. (warm)2) I get up _ than him .(early)注意1、在含有比较级的句字中，前后两个比较的事物一定要一致。1）My hair is longer than _ . (you)2）The playground in our school is smaller than _-_ (they)3）The wea

26、ther in Beijing is colder than _ Zhenjiang. A. / B. that in C. it in D.in4) The desks in our school are older than _ in your school .注意2、有时比较级前常有一些词来修饰, 表示比较的程度。 如：much, a lot, a little, still, even, far , notany, no 等。1） I am much _(old) than you.2） You are a little _(tall) than him.3） He moved to

27、another town. He doesnt live here any _ (long).4） It was hot yesterday, and today it is even _ (hot)5）This man is a lot _ (short) than that one.3. 最高级 用于三者或三者以上的比较。 常与表示比较范围的in或of连用。有时也与one of或序数词连用, 形容词最高级前必须加the.1) Lucy got to school _ (late) of the four students.2) The Yellow River is the second

28、_ in China. (long)3) Shenzhen is one of _ (new) _ (city) in China.五、形容词和副词三级的构成 （原级 即原形）-规则形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成1. 单音节词 一般都是加-er/est 构成比较级和最高级。 如：taller-tallest1)一般直接加-er/est :如 long _, _; short _ _ 2) 以一个元音字母加辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，要双写此末尾字母，再加-er/est. 如： fat _, _ ;big _ _ ;hot _ 3) 以不发音的E结尾的，直接-r/st . 如： nice _

29、_;large _ 4) 以辅音字母加Y 结尾的，改Y为I 再加er/est. 如：easy _ _2、多音节词 一般在前加 more /most构成。如： beautiful _,_ intertsting _ _, carefully _ _3、双音节词 有两种。 有的加 ER/EST构成比较级和最高级，有的是在前加MORE/MOST构成比较级和最高级。但一般有以下规则：* 凡是以y结尾的形容词， 都是改y为I 再加-er/est. 如：happy _ _,early _ _, easy _ _*凡是以ly结尾的副词都是在前加more/most构成比较级和最高级。如：slowly _ _,

30、 quickly _ _, 注意、还有一些不规则的变化，要牢记。 good better- best well- better- best bad worse- worst *badly- worse- worst ill- worse- worst many more- most much- more most *little less- least far farther- farthest far further- furthest old- older oldest old- elder eldest1) Our city is much_ than yours. (beautiful

31、). 2) Li Ming runs _ (slow) than Zhang Ming. 3) Who speaks _(well) in your class ? 4) She eats _ than before., She eats _ of us three. (little)六、形容词的比较级还有一些特殊的用法。1、比较级+ than +any other + 单数名词 表示“用比较级的形式表示最高级的概念” = 比较级+ than +the other + 复数名词 = 比较级+ than +any of + other+ 复数名词1）He is the best student

32、in the class. = He is _ than _ _ student in the class.2) He is taller than the other boys in his class. = He is _ _ in his class.3) Shanghai is the biggest in China. = Shanghai is _ than _ _ city/cities in China. = Shanghai is _ than _ _ cities in China. = Shanghai is _ than _ _ _ _ cities in China.

33、试比较这两句：Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.Shanghai is bigger than any city in Japan.再看：1) Dave is taller than any other boy in his class. 2) Dave is taller than any girl in his class.练一练 1）The Changjiang River is longer than _ river in China.2）The Changjiang River is longer than _ river

34、 in India.A. any other B. the other C. any D. other 2、比较级+ and + 比较级 表示“越来越。” 1) Its getting _ (越来越热了).2）Our city is becoming _ (越来越美) 3）He is _ (越来越好)at English. 3、The+比较级（+。）， the +比较级（+。） 表示“越。，越。”1) 他越忙就越高兴。_ _ he is , the _ he feels/is.2) 你越勤奋，成绩就越好。_ _ you work, _ _ youll be at your lessons.3)

35、 你越细心，犯的错就越少。_ _ you are, _ _ mistakes youll make.4) 你吃的越多就会越胖。_ _ you eat, _ _ youll be.4、the +比较级+of the two “两个中比较。的”1) This watch is the cheaper of the two. 2) _ of the two men is our teacher. A The youngest B.The young C.The younger D. Younger5、倍数+比较级+than. 表示“几倍。” 倍数+as.as. 表示“几倍。” 1) 他们的公寓比我们

36、的大两倍。 Their flats are _ _ _ ours. = Their flats are _ _ _ _ _ours.6、not as/soas 表示“甲不如乙”, 也可以用 less+adj. +than1) 我的靴子没有她的好看。My boots _ _ _ _ hers.2) 这本书没有那本书贵。This book _ _ _ _ that one. = This book _ _ _ _ that one.3)上次英语考试我考的没有你好。I _ _ _ _ _ you in the last English exam.4) 我唱歌没有你唱的好。I dont sing as well as you.5) 他开车没有你细心。He _ you.= He _ than you .= He _ than you .6) 你们没有我年龄大。 You are _ _ _ _ me. 思考可否转换less+adj. +than ？ 但可以与比较级转换： = _. 7