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高中英语从句讲解与练习
（1）表语从句
1． 定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。
2． 引导表语从句的关联词的种类：
(1) 从属连词that。在从句中不做成分。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。The reason was that he was late for school.
(2) 从属连词whether,as,as if。如：
1.He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。
2.The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。
注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如：
All this was over twenty years ago, but it’s as if it was only yesterday.
这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。 The key is whether we can solve the problem.//It looked as if it was going to rain.
注：能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look，sound等。如：
He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 在表语从句中做主语、宾语等。如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 The problem is who we can get to replace her.
我想问的是谁离开了。 My question is who left.
连接副词 where, when, how, why。
What I wonder is when he left. 我想知道他是何时离开的。
This is where they once lived. 这就是他们曾经住过的地方。
That is why he didnt come here.
The question is how he did it.
(3) 连词because可引导表语从句。如：
I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 Its just because he doesnt know her.
Thats because he didnt understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我.(Thats because...强调原因)
Thats why he got angry with me.那正是他对我生气的原因。(Thats why...强调结果)
(4) 在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
表语测试
1. The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.
A. that B. if C. when D. whether
2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.
A. because B. that C. for D. because of
3. Go and get your coat. It’ s ________you left it
A. where B. there C. there where D. where there
4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted
A. who can we get B. what we can get
C. who we can get D. that we can get
5. What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.
A. that B. if C. whether D.不填
6. The reason is_________ I missed the bus.
A. that B. when C. why D. what
7. That is __ ___ we were late last time.
A. that B. when C. why D. what
8. She looked _________ she were ten years younger.
A. that B. like C. as D. as though
9.—I fell sick!
--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.
A. why B. when C. what D. because
10. The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.
A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mother’s being ill
C. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill
11. —He was born here.
-- That is _______ he likes the place so much.
A. that B. what C. why D. how
12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.
A. what B. where C. that D. why
13．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.
A. What; how are you B. That；how you are
C. How；that you are D. What；how you are
14. The trouble is__________ we are short of tools.
A. what B. that C. how D. why that
15. America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.
A. what B. where C. the place D. there where
16. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_________ .
A. what it used to be B. what it was used to being
C. what it used to being D. what it was used to be
17. ________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.
A. What … that B. That … what
C. What … what D. That … what
18. The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.
A. that B. which C. what D. such
19 —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that_____ you had a few days off？
A. why B .what C. when D. where
20 .I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through.
A. It’s the reason B. That’s why C. There’s why D. It’s how
21. See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.
A. when B. which C. where D. what
22. --- Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
---Oh, that’s _____.
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
23. What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
答案
1~5: DBACC
6~10 :ACDDC
11~15:CBDBA
16~20: AACAB
21~23: DAA
（2）主语从句
1． 定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。
2． 构成：关联词+简单句
3． 引导主语从句的关联词有三类：
(1) 从属连词that。 如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.
很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。
(2) 从属连词whether。如：
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。
(3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
连接副词 where, when, how, why。如：
What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。
How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。
Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。
解释：
1． 主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有：
A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如：
It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。
B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。如：
It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。
It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我们没赢这场比赛真意外。
C. It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。如：
It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。
D. It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如：
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。
It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。
E. It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪里开会毫无区别。
F. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：
Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗？
G. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：
How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪！
2．注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义
Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 来的人将受到欢迎。
Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正确的。
Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who) 你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖
练习
1. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
2. It was he said disappointed me.
A. what ; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what
3. we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
4. he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.
A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter
5. was to return to school.
A. That really interested him B. What really interested him
C. Which really interested him D. That interest him really
6. makes mistakes must correct them.
A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever
7._______ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.
A. That B. Why C. What D. How
8. ________we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A If B Whether C That D Where
9. It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning gray.
A. whether B. That C. what D. when
10.What I say and think ___ none of your business.
A. is B. are C. has D have
11. Does _______ matter if he cant finish the job on time?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
12. It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning grey.
A. which B. that C. if D. for
13. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
14. _______ what they told me really true?
A. Has B. Is C. Does D. Have
15. It matters little _____ a man dies, but ____ matters much is ____ he lives.
A. how; what; how B. how; it; how
C. why; it; why D. that; what; that
16. ____ she couldnt understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest
in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that
17. It is pretty well understood _______ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out
the atmosphere today.
A. that B. when C. what D. how
18. _______ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural
differences from one aspect.
A. What B. That C. This D. Which
19. -What made her parents so angry?
- _______ she had failed in the examination.
A. As B. Because C. Since D. That
20. _______ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
21. -Do you remember _______ he came?
-Yes, I do. He came by car.
A. how B. when C. that D. if
22. It was a matter of _______ would take the position.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. whomever
23. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-Is that _______ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
24. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _______ it was?
A. where B. what C. how D. which
25. It is necessary that a college student _______ at least a foreign language.
A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master
练习 1-10 D A B A B C A B B A 11-15 DBDBA 16-20 ACBDB 21-25 AAADB
（3）宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.
时态：
1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。
2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。
3.主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。
一、宾语从句的连接词
从属连词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.
that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.
He told me that he would go to the college the next year
他告诉我他下一年上大学.
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道是否还会有公交车.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
没人知道他是否会通过考试.
连接代词
连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.
连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗?
I don’t know whom you should depend on.
我不知道你该依靠谁.
The book will show you what the best CEOs know.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
连接副词
连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?
你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.
二、动词的宾语从句
大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.
我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.
He told us that they would help us though the whole work.
他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.
Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?
你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?
动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有:
make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
我每天写日记成了习惯.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.
我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
He will have it that our plan is really practical.
他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
We take it that you will agree with us.
我们认为你会同意我们的.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.
开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.
我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.
我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.
三、介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
四、形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam.
我确信我会通过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
五、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
① if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if
② 少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.
③ whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
④ 在不定式前只能用whether.
（如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。）
⑤ 避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
六、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that
当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;
当宾语从句较长时;
当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;
当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;
当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;
当宾语从句中的主语是this,tha
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