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高考英语听力必备场景词汇集萃
高考考试的对话内容场景基本上都是考生所熟悉的,有校园、生活、工作、各种社交场所。了解一些场景下的常用语和常见表达对解题是很有帮助的。对这些常用词汇和短语不仅要知道其本身的意思,还要知道它们的同义表达方式。这是因为现在听力试题一般不会在选项中出现对话中的原词和词组。以下场景是对话当中所占比例最大的,掌握了这些场景下的常用短语和表达方式,也就从词汇和短语方面抓住了解题的关键。
(1)餐馆场景:
order 点菜 serve 上菜 change 零钱 Keep the change! 不用找零钱了! tip 小费 treat 请客 (This is my treat! 我请客!)go Dutch AA制 (Let’s go fifty fifty. ) steak 牛排 cheese奶酪 sandwich 三明治 bacon 腌肉 soup 汤 plain water 自来水(西餐中洗手用的)doughnut 多纳圈 appetizer 开胃物 dessert甜品,水果(作为正餐的最后一道) go out for dinner / dinner out 出去吃饭 snack bar 小吃街;大排挡 hamburger 汉堡包 coke 可口可乐 French fries 炸薯条 dining hall ;coffee shop ;restaurant ;cafeteria ;canteen; buffet 自助餐
(2)邮局场景:
stamp envelope package / parcel 包裹 overweight 超重 extra postage 额外邮资 send / post / deliver a letter / mail 寄 /发信 express mail 快件 airmail 航空信件 surface mail 陆地邮寄open an account 开一个帐户
(3)图书馆场景:
library card; borrow; lend; keep; renew; bookshelf; novel; science fiction科幻小说;magazine; periodical期刊; reference book; librarian 图书管理员 pay a fine 交罚款 Can I help you? / What can I do for you?
(4)医院及健康场景:
aspirin 阿司匹林 regular doctor 私人医生 emergence department 急诊室 ICU (= intensive care unit)特护病房 treatment 治疗手段 take one’s temperature / blood pressure 测量体温/血压 medicine: pills / tablets药丸/药片 heart attack 心脏病 cold / flu 流感:have/catch a cold; pain; headache; stomach-ache; backache; sore-throat喉咙痛 cough; fever。What’s up? (多用于男生之间)How is it going? How are you? 回答:I’m fine. / I feel good/terrific. / I couldn’t be better. / Nothing is very wrong with me. 好。 I am not feeling good. / I feel terrible/horrible/awful. / I am not myself these days. 不好。(注意听语气:身体好的时候,语调上扬,语气非常欢快; 身体不好的时候,降调,语气非常郁闷。)
(5)电话场景:
operator 接线员 Extension six two two six, please. 请转6226。 The line is bad/ busy / engaged. It kept a busy line. 电话占线。long distance call 长途电话 collect call 对方付费的电话 put through 接通电话 hold on / up Hold the line, please. Hello! This is …speaking. Who’s speaking? / who is this? call/ telephone/ ring/ phone sb. ;give sb. a call/ ring I’ll call back later / again. I’ll ring him / her up again. I couldn’t get through. Sorry, I’m afraid you have the wrong number.
(6) 酒店场景:
make a reservation 预定房间;reception desk 接待处;check in 入住;check out 结帐;single room 单间;a double room双人间;room key房间钥匙;ID card 身份证;reception服务台;receptionist 服务员;suite套间;Do you have a reservation Sir? 先生,您预订了吗? Have you got any vacant room? (= Is there any room available here?)有空房间吗? All the room are occupied. 房间已满。Can I have a suite please?有套间吗?How much do you charge for that? 如何收费?Smoking or no smoking? 吸烟或不吸烟?Meals included. 包括饮食。Can I show you your room? 我可以带你去你的房间?Can I carry your luggage? 我可以帮你提行李吗?
(7)超速场景:
speeding May I see your license, please? You will be fined by $20.
(8)购物场景:
store 杂货店 department store 百货商场 shopping center 购物中心 商品信息:size; color; style; price What color/size/kind do you want? 商品论贵贱expensive, cheap 价格论高低high, low bargain便宜货 popular / fashionable 流行的 in fashion 流行,时尚 out of fashion 过时的 brand 品牌 counter 柜台 pay in cash 用现金支付 pay in check 用支票支付 credit card 信用卡 shop assistant 商店营业员 out of stock 脱销/缺货 in stock 有货
(9)天气场景:
cloudy 阴天 overcast 多云 thunder 打雷 strong/ high wind 大风 tornado 龙卷风 typhoon 台风 storm 风暴 blizzard暴风雨 It rains cats and dogs.(=The rain is pouring.)下着倾盆大雨。downpour倾盆大雨 shower 阵雨 clear up 天空放晴 put away clothes 下雨收衣服 weather in London / Seattle 意指不好的天气 weather in California 意指好天气 经常和天气相联系的情况:vacation 和 flight(航班) (be delayed/canceled by the bad weather)
(10)机场场景:
flight 航班 Welcome on board 欢迎登机 bound for…飞往……方向去的 check in 办理登机手续 behind schedule 晚点 take off 起飞land降落
听力常见词汇及句型一级重要词汇
名词: reserve/reservation, reception/receptionist/reception ,desk, register/registration/book
rent, style, reservation, conference, grades, return flights, accommodation, details, destination, flat/apartment, section, a king’s room, shower, deadline,
动词:reserve, spare, register, sign, appreciate,
形容词:available, amazing, scaring, boring, incredible, grand, extra, awful, digital, punctual,
副词:definitely, down, though, slightly,
词组:check out, start off, look into, now that, in a long run, on behalf of, bound for, apart from, tour/scenic spots, take/leave a message, drop in on/at, put sb. at ease, drop sb. off, in stock,
句型:1.Then all set一切妥当2.Take your time. 3.Anything but cheap. 4.No wonder…5.It’s a deal. 6.You’re kidding. 7.Can we make it…? 8.That’s the way it is. 9.It depends.10.It’s not intended for scientists, either.
1、月份
12 months:
January Jan.February Feb.March Mar.April Apr.
May May.June Jun.July Jul.August Aug.
September Sep(t). October Oct.November Nov.December Dec.
2、星期
Seven days:
Sunday Sun.Monday Mon.Tuesday Tue.Wednesday Wed(s).
Thursday Thu.Friday Fri.Saturday Sat.
3、交通
Traffic,plane,bus,car,train,subway(underground),boat,ship,taxi,transportation,timetable,journey,speed,
4、货币(钱)
U. S Dollar,Hong Kong Dollar(HK$),yuan,RMB¥,pound(£),pocket change,coin,check,cash,credit card,bank,
5、地点(情景用语)
餐馆(restaurant)用语:
meal,menu,bill,order,tip,hamburger,sandwich,soup,dish,beer,soft drink,fully booked,等;
医院(hospital)用语:
take medicine,temperature,pill,headache,fever,blood pressure,waiting room,
宾馆(hotel)用语:
single room,double room,room number,room service,check in,check out,lift / elevator
邮局(post office)用语:
mail,deliver,stamp,envelope,telegram,postage等;
机场(airport)用语:
flight,take off,land,luggage,China Airline,information desk,boarding,customs,departure time,arrival,等;
车站(station)用语:
round trip,single trip,sleeping car,ticket,fair,conductor,等;
商店(shop)用语:
on sale,size,color,price,change,customer,expensive,cheap,discount,
学校(school)用语:
exam,course,dining hall,playground,library,lab,degree,foreign language,
家庭(family)用语:
relatives,relationship,reunion,uncle,parents,aunt,family-get-together,generation
6、节日
holiday,festival,Mid-autumn Day,May Day,National Day,Teachers‘ Day,Children’s Day,Mother(Father)‘s Day,New Year,Christmas Day,Thanksgiving Day,Easter,Halloween,Valentine’s Day,
7、体育
Basketball,football,volleyball,baseball,tennis,table-tennis,badminton running,swimming,shooting,fishing,surfing,skating,rock climbing,jumping,gym,stadium,
8、娱乐
concert,show,exhibition,film,movie,play,theatre,museum,music,entertainment,band,chess,amusement park,nightclub,picnic,bowling,
9、职业
clerk,secretary,manager,boss,professor,lawyer,businessman,driver,doctor nurse,headmaster,headmistress,librarian,engineer,technician,farmer,policeman policewoman,coach,
10、健康(问题)
health,gain weight,lost weight,keep fit,balanced diet,smoking,Aids,Sars,
11、时间
Century,year,month,week,day,hour,minute,second,yesterday,today,tomorrow,weekend,At noon,morning,afternoon,evening,night,
12、科目
Chinese Mathematics English
Physics Chemistry Biology
Politics History Geography
Arts Music Physical Education(P E)
13、国籍(nationality)
Chinese,Japanese,German,French,American,Australian,Englishman,Russian,New-Zealander,Canadian,Italian,Spanish,
14、主要国家、地区、城市
The People‘s Republic of China,Beijing,The United States of America,USA,New York,Chicago,The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,U.K,London,France,Paris,Germany,Berlin,Australia,Canberra / Sydney,Japan,Tokyo,Canada,Toronto/ Ottawa,Italy,Rome,Spain,Madrid,Russia,Moscow,Europe,
15、数(量)词
Million,thousand,hundred,dozen,score,decade,first,second,third,forth,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth,twentieth,
16、科技
computer,surf the Internet,technology,science,information,e-mail,download,on line,off line,clone,robot,cell phone/ mobile phone,satellite,spaceship,fax,
17、Clothes(衣物)
clothing,dress,suit,evening dress,jacket,shirt,skirt,T-shirt,trousers pants,shorts,blouse,sweater,coat,overcoat,tie,socks,stockings,shoes,boots hat,cap,uniform
18、Food and drinks(食物与饮料)
hamburger, sandwich(es), bread, flour, milk, pork, beef, lamb, chicken , fish, rice, vegetable, black-tea, green-tea , coffee, black coffee, wine, alcohol, soft drinks
听力场景相关词汇与句型:
1) 常见说话者之间的关系及相关关键词
对于人物职业和关系题,考生应特别注意说话者的用词及相互间的称呼,还要留意是否使用敬语,而且不同职业的人用语也不同,例如waitress会谈到menu,food,order,drink等词,下面列举一些常见的有关关系以及职业的关键词。
① teachers and students(师生之间)
关键词:
quit school 休学 make-up exam 补考
drop out 退学
exam(考试),
quiz(测验),
term paper(学期论文),
homework/assignment(家庭作业),
course/lesson(课程),
credit(学分);
② classmates(同学之间)
关键词:
student’s union(学生会),
student center(学生活动中心),
dormitory(学生宿合),
absent from school(缺课),
note(笔记);
③ librarian and student(图书馆员与学生之间)
关键词:
loan desk 借书处
library card 借书证
stacks 书库
periodical 期刊
circulation desk 借书处
journal 专业性刊物
library catalogue 图书馆的图书目录
fiction/novel(小说),
reference book(参考书),
reading room(阅览室),
magazine(杂志),
renew(续借),
due(到期);
④ shop assistant and customer(售货员与顾客)
关键词:
auction,sale 便宜货
selling season 畅销季节
dressers 服饰店
fabric 织物,织品
marked price 标价
pattern 花纹、式样、图案
make ends meet 收支平衡
check-out stand 付款柜台
return purchase 退货
receipt 发票
one price 不还价
cash or charge? 付现金还是支票?
ready-made 成衣
Are you done? 就买这些吗?(也有“吃完了吗?”的意思)
bargain(讨价还价),
fashion(服饰),
receipt(收据),
cashier(收银员),
check-out stand(结账台),
department store(百货公司),
supermarket(超市),
discount(折扣),
cash(现金),
credit card(信用卡);
⑤ waiter/waitress and diner(侍者和客人)
关键词:
appetizer 开胃的菜或饮料
tray 餐盘
seasoning 调味
well-done 全熟的
rare 半熟的
buffet 自助餐(台)
cafeteria 自助餐厅
paper napkin 餐巾纸
May I take your order now? 您现在点菜吗?
Weve jammed, 我们已经客满了。
May we have a table, please? 请给我们一张桌位好吗?
menu(菜单),
order(点菜),
food(食品),
dessert(甜点),
salad(沙拉),
soup(汤),
coffee(咖啡),
soft drink(软饮料),
wine(酒);
⑥ doctor and patient(医生和病人)
关键词:
pneumonia 肺炎
indigestion 消化不良
hepatitis 肝炎
first-aid kit 急救箱
tonsillitis 扁桃体炎
gauze 沙布
ulcer 溃疡
stethoscope 听诊器
itch,itchy 痒
inpatient department住院部
TB (tuberculosis)肺结核
wards 病房
burns 烧伤
inoculate 打预防针
strain 扭伤
give first-aid treatment 急救
fever(发烧),
catch a cold(感冒),
cough(咳嗽),
headache(头痛),
prescription(药方),
doctor(医生),
toothache(牙痛),
What’s the matter with you?(你哪不舒服?);
⑦ host/hostess and guest(主人和客人)
关键词:
invitation(邀请),
dinner(晚餐),
help yourself(自便),
delicious(美味的),
have a wonderful evening(过一个愉快的晚上);
2) 与时间、数字相关的常用词汇及表达方式
百hundred
千thousand
百万million
十亿billion
前天 the day before yesterday
后天the day after tomorrow
每隔一天every other day或every two days;
每天daily
每周weekly
每月monthly
每年annual/yearly
10年decade
100年century
提前5分钟 five minutes early/ahead of time/ahead of schedule, early by 5 minutes, etc.
推迟/迟到8分钟 eight minutes late/behind schedule, late by eight minutes, to be delayed/ postponed for eight minutes, etc.
美元dollar
美分cent
英镑pound
便士penny
欧元European dollar/euro
钞票bill
硬币coin
零钱change
$ 18.26 eighteen dollars twenty-six cents或 eighteen twenty-six
打折on sale/discount
六折at a 60 % discount
半价half price
两倍double
三倍triple
3)与容量、重量、长度相关的词汇
加仑gallon
品脱pint
盎司ounce
夸脱quart
磅pound
英尺foot/feet(pl.)
英寸inch
码yard 英里
mile
4) 校园
campus校园
dorm(dormitory)宿舍
student ID学生证
teaching building教学楼
dinning hall餐厅
clinic诊所,医务室
laboratory实验室
gym(gymnasium)体育馆
playground操场
registration注册
academic year学年
term/semester学期
teaching assistant助教
lecturer讲师
professor教授
freshman大一新生
sophomore大二学生
junior大三学生
senior大四学生
undergraduate本科生
graduate/postgraduate研究生 doctorate student博士生
full-time student全日制学生
required/compulsory course必修课 optional/elective course选修课 majors主修科目
major in主修
minors辅修科目
minor in辅修
credit hours学时
credits 学分
tuition 学费
research paper研究报告
teaching practice教育实习 graduate 毕业
thesis/essay/dissertation 论文 diploma文凭,毕业证书
bachelor’s degree学士学位 master’s degree硕士学位
doctor’s degree博士学位 quiz/test 小测验
mid-term exam期中考试 final期末考试
make-up exam补考
fail in the examination考试不及格 entrance exam入学考试 scholarship奖学金
5)图书馆
reading room阅览室
magazine杂志
publication出版物
periodical期刊
fiction/novel小说
latest issue新刊
current issue现刊
back issue过刊
reference room资料室
bibliography参考书目
stacks书库
book shelves书架
open-shelf system开架
look up查找
library card借书证
loan desk借书处
due到期
renew续借
overdue超期
pay the fine罚款
6) 邮电局
mail category 邮件种类
surface mail;regular平信
express letter 快信
mail邮件
registered letter挂号信
Express Mail Service(EMS)邮政特快专递
urgent letter急件
telegram电报
postcard明信片
package包裹
parcel form 包裹单
weight 重量
overweight超重
stamp邮票
postage邮资
money order邮政汇票
remittance汇款
remitter 汇款人
money order 汇票
make a phone call打电话
area code区域代号
local call市内电话
collect call对方付费电话
distance call/trunk call长途电话
operator总台,接线员
international airmail 国际航空邮件
insurance 保险(费)
declaration value 保价金额
postal code;zip code邮政编码
customs charge 验关费;报关费
printed matter 印刷品
sender 寄件人
receiver 收件人
receipt for mail 邮件收据
telegram 电报
to claim parcels 领包裹
postage 邮费
date and time of posting交寄日期时间
7) 商店
Can I help you?/What can I do for you? 能为您效劳吗?
receipt收款,收据
department store百货公司
Gentleman’s Department男子用品部
Lady’s Department妇女用品部
Sportswear Department体育用品部
elevator 电梯
supermarket超市
escalator电动扶梯
price tag标价签
trolley手推车
daily necessities 日用品
fashion式样,款式
texture(织物的)质地
out of style过时的
in fashion流行的
brand牌子,商标
sweater毛衣,运动衫
jeans牛仔裤
jacket夹克,护套
shop assistant售货员
cashier收银员
bargain讨价还价
8) 餐馆
waiter/waitress服务生
menu菜单
order点菜
main course主菜
dish菜
soup汤
soft drink软饮料
dessert甜点
salad沙拉
bill帐单
tip小费
go Dutch各付各的帐
9) 医院
registration office挂号处
registration fee挂号费
wards病房
operation room手术室
dentist牙医
doctor医生
physician内科医生
surgeon外科医生
in poor condition/shape(身体状况)不适
suffer from患?病
come down with害病,得病
lose appetite没胃口
fever发烧
flu(influenza)流感
get a temperature发烧
catch a cold着凉
sore throat喉咙痛
stomachache胃痛
splitting headache头痛欲裂
toothache牙痛
indigestion消化不良
dizzy眩晕的
feel one’s pulse把脉
diagnosis诊断
take a temperature量体温
write out a prescription/prescribe开处方
pills药丸
dose剂量,服用量
capsule胶囊
tablet药丸片剂
10) 银行
open an account开户
account number账号
passbook/folder银行存折
deposit money存款
withdraw/draw取款
interest利息
interest rate利率
exchange rate兑换率
deposit account/fixed account定期存款
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