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1、初一英语寒假专题名词二教育科学版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：寒假专题名词二 做可数和不可数名词时词义相同的名词：有些名词的单、复数形式不变。例：deer鹿, grouse松鸡, sheep羊, craft船只, aircraft飞机,spacecraft航天飞机, Chinese中国人, Swiss瑞士人, Japanese日本人,Vietnamese越南人, means手段, series系列，丛书, species种类等。例：This sheep is from Australia.这只羊产自澳大利亚。These sheep are from Australia. 这些羊产自澳大利亚。
2、The craft was sunk.船沉了。All the craft were sunk.所有的船都沉了。He is a Vietnamese.他是个越南人。The Vietnamese are noted for their cookery.越南人的烹调是有名的。This species of rose is very rare.这个品种的玫瑰很稀有。There are thousands of species of butterflies.有千百种蝴蝶。fish鱼,单、复数形式相同，但也可以用fishes指鱼的种类。例：My goldfish has died.我的金鱼死了。You w
3、ill see many kinds of fishes in the fish market.在鱼市上你可以看到很多种鱼。 典型的不可数名词及对应的可数名词：不可数名词 相应意思的可数名词bread 面包 a loaf一片面包clothing 衣服 a garment 一件衣服laughter 笑声 a laugh 一阵笑声luggage 行李 a case, a bag 一个箱子，一个袋子money 钱 a coin, a note 一枚硬币， 一张纸币work 工作 a job一份工作 集合名词1必须用复数动词的集合名词：cattle牛，the military军方，people人们，t
4、he police警察，swine猪，vermin害虫等。例：Some people are never satisfied.有些人从不满足。The military/The police have surrounded the building.军队/警察包围了那座建筑。2可以与单数动词也可以与复数动词连用的集合名词：class班级， audience观众，club俱乐部，company公司，family家庭，government政府，group小组，team团队， crew机组人员，crowd人群，union联盟， staff职员， jury陪审团等。当把这些单词看作是一种非人格的东西时，
5、即当作一个整体时，那么是单数，可与关系代词which/that连用，可以用it来代替。例：Her family is going to move.她家要搬了。3当把上述集合名词人格化时，即看成组成整体的假设干个人时，它们就是复数名词。例：Her family are all fond of films.她的家人都喜欢看电影。4这些集合名词也有规那么的复数形式：例：Governments in all countries are trying to control inflation.各国政府都在试图控制通货膨胀。 复数词形的单数名词1、以下名词虽然是复数形式，但后面的动词只用单数。例如：new
6、s新闻The news on TV is always depressing.电视上的新闻老是令人失望。2、有些表示学科的名词以-ics结尾，通常都做单数看待，谓语动词用单数：例physics物理，politics政治，mathematics数学，athletics体育运动，linguistics语言学，gymnastics体操等。3、有些名词经常以复数形式出现，其中有的表示由两局部构成的东西1，有些是以-ing结尾的2，也有一些其它的情形的3，它们只能与复数动词连用。1scissors剪刀，trousers裤子，pants裤子，shorts短裤，glasses眼镜，socks短袜， shoe
7、s鞋， boots皮靴等。2belongings所有物，surroundings环境，tidings消息，doings行为，savings储蓄，earnings挣的钱等。3contents目录，arms武器，statistics统计资料，remains剩余物，clothes衣服，thanks感谢，riches财富等。例：All my belongings are in this bag.我所有的东西都在这个袋子里。viii 名词的格两个名词的关系名词所有格的表现形式有两种：一是在两个名词之间加 “ s , 这种形式的前一个名词一般是有生命的东西。例如：his sisters house, Bo
8、bs new address, the teachers reading-room等。构 成 法例 词读 音单数名词后加“s my sons watch我儿子的手表 Toms family汤姆的家 Lilys photo莉莉的照片清辅音后读s ；浊辅音或元音后读z不以s结尾的复数名词加“s mens clothes男式服装 Childens Day儿童节Womens Day妇女节同上以s结尾的复数名词后加“ Teachers Day the girls club女孩俱乐部同上注意：my brothers room一个人住的我兄弟的房间my brothers room 不只一个人住的我兄弟们的房
9、间表示时间、世界、国家、城市、机构、团体等名称的名词，通常使用名词所有格即“s 。例如：a weeks holiday一周的假期，the Partys birthday党的生日，todays newspaper今天的报纸，in a few years time几年之后，the worlds population世界人口，Chinas future中国的未来名词所有格修饰的名词如果前面已经提到，便可省略。例如：This book is not mine, but Mikes.这本书不是我的，是迈克的。在提到住宅、诊所、商店等地点时，习惯上名词所有格修饰的名词往往被省略。例如：at Toms un
10、cleshouse在汤姆叔叔的家里。二是在两个名词之间加介词of, 多用来表示无生命的东西之间的关系：例如：the window of the room房间的窗户, the subject of the sentence句子的主语, the map of the world世界地图, the legs of the table 桌子腿等。有时候也可以与“s 所有格互换使用，表示有生命东西的名词的所有关系。例如the son of a poor farmer=a poor farmers son一个贫穷农夫的儿子双重所有格：指的是s和of 结构并用的情况。例如：a friend of my fa
11、thers，起一种强调作用，指众多当中的一个。出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词。例如：在son前， 我们不会同时用this和my两个限定词，而只说this son of mine这种结构主要在以下情况中：1它所修饰的词前面有一个表示数量的词或不定代词，如a, two, some, any, a few, a little, few, little, several等。 例：They saw a play of Guo Moros.他们看了一场郭沫假设的戏剧。Some friends of my brothers will come to join us.我哥哥的一些朋友将参加我
12、们中来。2它修饰的词前面有一个指示代词或冠词，使句子表示赞赏或厌恶等情绪。例：This performance of the teachers was wonderful.the teachers performance更具有赞赏的意味This little daughter of your cousins is really a dear.你表哥的这个小女儿真逗人喜爱。比your cousins daughter更有赞赏性IX 名词的转用1专有名词做普通名词：例：His wife is a Green.=His wife is a member of the Green family.他的妻
13、子是格林家族的一员。2物质名词做普通名词用：例：They deal in teas in the store.他们店里经营各种茶叶。3抽象名词做普通名词用：例：He has done me a kindness.an act of kindness他帮助了我。不同国家的人的单复数名称 总称谓语用复数 一个人 两个人 中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss澳大利亚人 the Australians an Austral
14、ian two Australians俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians希腊人the Greek a Greek two Greeks美国人the American an American two Americans印度人the Indians an Indian two Indians加拿大人the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians瑞典人the Swedish a Swede two Swedes德国人the Germans a G
15、erman two Germans英国人the English an Englishman two Englishmen法国人the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen【典型例题】1. I want to write a letter. Please pass me . A. three pieces of paper B. three piece of paper C. three paper D. three pieces of papers2. This is not my cup. Its . A. Jims B. Jim C. Jims D. of Ji
16、m3. He said they would have two holidays. A. months B. months C. months D. monthss4. This is room. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucys D. Lily and Lucys5. are bright and clean. A. Their classroom of the window B. The window of their classroom C. The windows of their classroom D. T
17、heir classrooms window参考答案：A A C D C【模拟试题】答题时间：30分钟 1. How many _were there in the street when the accident happened? A. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples 2.If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller_. A. set B. one C. piece D. pair 3. Last week I bought a TV_. A. pair B. set C. piece D. b
18、lock 4. There is a _of wood left on the ground. A. cup B. piece C. box D. pair 5. There are sixty-seven_ in our school.A. womens teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachersD. women teacher 6. There are five_in our factory.A. woman driver B. women driver C. woman driversD. women drivers 7. These _ we
19、re sent to the villages to help the farmers. A. women doctor B. women doctors C. woman doctors D. woman doctor 8. They write most of their _ in English.A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters 9. We came to a _ at last and went in. A. watch shop B. watches shop C. w
20、atching shop D. watchs shop 10. This shop sells apples, bananas and things like these. Its a_ . A. food shop B. book shop C. fruit shop D. vegetable shop 11. She broke a_ while she was washing up. A. glass of wine B. glass for wine C. glass wine D. wine glass 12. Ive forgotten both of the_. A. room
21、numbers B. rooms number C. rooms numbers D. room number 13. September 10th is_ in China. A. Teachers Day B. Teachers Day C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day 14. -Is the broom under _ desk? -No, its under_.A. the teachers; my B. teachers; mine C. teachers; me D. the teachers; mine 15. Excuse me, where is
22、the_? A. mens room B. mens room C. mens rooms D. men room 16. The football under the bed is_.A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys 17. This is my_ dictionary. A. sister Mary B. sisters C. sister Marys D. sisters Marys 18. He went to _ shop to buy a shirt. A. a tailo
23、r B. the tailor C. a tailors D. the tailors 19. Joan is_. A. Marys and Jack sister B. Mary and Jacks sister C. Mary and Jack sister D. Marys and Jacks sister 20. In a few_ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. year B. years C. years D. years 21. Its about _ walk from my house.A. ten m
24、inute B. ten minutes C. ten minutes D. ten minutes 22. The post office is a bit far from here. Its about_. A. thirty minutess walk B. thirty minutes walk C. thirty minutes walk D. thirty minutes walk 23. Half_ telephone calls are made in English. A. the world B. world C. the worlds D. worlds 24. _ f
25、ace to the south. A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the room C. The rooms windows D. The windows in room 25. Please take two_. A. picture of the park B. pictures of the park C. the pictures of a park D. picture of a park 26. The workers are repairing_. A. the roof of the house B. a roof of th
26、e house C. roof of the house D. this roof of house 27. Miss Smith is a friend of_.A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers 28. This is a book of _. A. Tom B. Toms C. her D. him 29.The post card is sent by _. A. a friend of my father B. a friend of my fathers C. my father friend D. my father friends 30. Sydney is a city of_. A. America B. Germany C. Australia D. Japan 【试题答案】15 C D B B B 610 D B B A C 1115 D A B D A 1620 D C C B B 2125 B C C B B 2630 A A B B C