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1、/*学员姓名: 年级:五 总课时: 小时辅导科目:英语 老师: 第 次课(课时: 小时)课 题 英语音标的发音规则授课时间: 月 日备课时间: 月 日教学目标1. 会根据音标读单词2. 会写26个英文字母的音标重点、难点根据音标写单词考点及考试要求教 学 内 容英语语音名词解释:一、英语音标的发音规则i:字母组合 e eaeei ie(1)e:heshemewethese(2)ea: teaeatmeatplease(3)ee: seetreeseemeet(4)i: policepolicemanmachine(5)ie: piecefieldbelievethiefi字母组合a e ey
2、i y eereara: orangecabbagee: beginEnglishprettycinemaey: monkeyi: itisinbigifgivesity: cityverysorrywindy(6)eer: beerdeer (7)ear: earnearherefierceidea 3:字母组合irurearer(1)ir: girlshirtskirtthirtythirteenthirdbird(2)ur: turnburnnurseThursday(3)ear: learnearnearthheard字母组合erorouaroa(1)er: teacherleader
3、playerspeakerfarmer(2)or: doctoractordelicious(3)ou: familiarcollardollar(4)ar: tomorrowtoday(5)o: aroundaccountago(6)a: elephantbananaCanadaa:字母组合ara(1)ar: carfarmcardarmgarden(2)a: fastclasslastglassplantaunt发音字母uoouoo(1)u: upsupperlunchfungunhuntcupbus(2)o: comemotherdosebrotherloveabove(3)ou: tr
4、oubleroughflourish(4)oo: bloodflood:字母组合alorauourar(1)al: smallwalltalktallhallballcallwalk(2)or: shortmorelordhorseforfortysportdoorfloorstore(3)au: authorcaughtautumn(4)our: fourmourncourt(5)ar: warmquarrelquarter发音字母oa(1)o: hotlostlotfoxboxnot(2)a: wantwashwatchu:字母组合ooou(1)oo: foodmoonroomgloomb
5、roomdoomgoosetooth(2)o:shoedotwo(3):truetruthbluefullprudeu字母组合ooouuo(1)oo: lookgoodfootbookwood(2)ou: shouldcould(3)u: putfullbullpullpush(4)o: womanwolfe字母组合eaea(1)ea: headbreadpleasure(2)e: selllessonbetterbeddeskhotel(3)a: many发音字母a a: baghandandanthappyhatmapmadbad ei发音字母aayeaaiey(1)a: namecake
6、lategateplaneApril(2)ay: playsaymayway(3)ea: greatbreak(4)ai: rainpaintplain(5)ey:theygreyai发音字母iy(1)i: bikefinefinddieninelightnighthigh(2)y: mytryflyeyeau字母组合ouow(1)ou: houseoutgroundsoundloudaround(2)ow: flowerdownnowcowhowtownu发音字母oowoa(1)o: homecoldgonophonehostghost(2)ow: knowlowbelowgrowblows
7、howflow (3)oa: boatcoatgoali字母组合earairere(1)ear: pearbear(2)air: chairairfair(3)ere: therewherecaree发音规则:air are ear ere eirair: airhairchairare: carehareparentear: pearwearbearere: therewhereeir: theirtheirsa:Mary发音规则:ure oor ourure: sureoor: poorour: tour清辅音ptkfs tr浊辅音bdgv z dr 鼻音 mn摩擦音hrjw舌侧音l(1爆
8、破辅音:pbtdkg爆破音发音要领:ptk是清辅音,发音时声带不振动,送气要强。bdg是浊辅音,发音时声带必须振动,送气要强。pb双唇紧闭,然后突然分开,气流冲出口腔。发音规则:p:p:penmaphelpcheappencilb:b:bagbybedboybusbluetd舌尖紧贴上齿龈,形成阻碍,然后突然下降,气流冲出口腔。发音规则:t:t:tentimenotgettabled:d:deskdoordaydogkg舌后部隆起,紧贴软颚,形成阻碍,然后突然离开,气流冲出口腔。发音规则:k: c ch k ck c: catcomecutclockcrypicturech: schoolCh
9、ristmasstomachk: bookbikecakekiteKatelookck: blackduckclockjacketcockg:g gug:gogirlbiggetgu: guess发音练习:bbi:ddi:ei:(4)摩擦辅音:fvsz摩擦音发音要领:fs是清辅音,发音时声带不振动。vz是浊辅音,发音时声带必须振动。发摩擦音时必须注意:软颚抬起,堵住到鼻腔的通道,但口腔通道完全阻塞,留有窄小空隙,气流从中泄出时摩擦或振动成音。摩擦可以延长而发音器官位置不变。fv下唇轻触上齿,气流由唇齿间的缝隙中通过,摩擦成音。发音规则:f:f ph ghf:fivefishfinefamily
10、fifteenph: photophoneelephantphotographgh: laughenoughv:v fv:veryfivehavef:ofsz舌端及舌尖靠近上齿龈,但不接触,上下齿靠拢,但不要咬住气流由舌端与上齿龈之间逸出,摩擦成音。发音规则:s:c s ssc:nicecitycycles:sitsixsomebususeusdeskbooksss: missclassglassgrassz:s zs:ishispleasemusiclosehusbandapplesz:zoozero舌尖和舌端抬向上齿龈较后部分,舌身两侧紧贴上颚,中央形一条狭长的通道,上下齿靠拢或靠近,但不
11、要咬住,气流由舌端与上齿龈较后部分之间逸出,摩擦成音。发音规则::sh s t ss ch sh: sheshoeshortshopwashs:sureAsiat:stationnationalpatientss: Russiaprofessionch: machine:s:usuallytelevisionpleasure舌尖轻触上齿背,气流由舌齿间的窄小缝隙逸出,摩擦成音。发音规则::th: threethankmonththin:th: thisthewiththan发音练习:C:si:fefgoodgdtootu:thississthesei:zcatktdogdgitt软颚抬起,舌身
12、形成发音的姿势,但舌尖和舌端抵住上齿龈,形成阻碍。气流冲破这个阻碍后,舌和齿龈间仍保持一个狭小的缝隙,发出摩擦的声音。发音规则:t:ch tch tch: chairmuchlunchChinatch: watcht: picturequestiond:ge g dge jg(e): agepagehugeorangeg: gentlegentlemangeneraldge: bridgeporridgejudgej:jumpjacketjustJuneJimtrdr软颚抬起,舌身作发r音的姿势,但舌尖抵上齿龈后部,以形成阻碍。气流冲破这个阻碍发出短促的t后立即发r。发音规则:tr:tr: t
13、reetriptrytruetruthdr:dr: dressdrivehundredchildren舌端贴住上齿龈,堵住气流,然后略为下降,气流随之泄出口腔。发音规则:ts:ts ts tes zzts: shirtshurtscoatscostsgoatsts:Letstes: kitesgatesdateszz: pizzadz:ds desds: bedsbirdshandsfriendsdes: decides发音练习:gi:ppi:r:sestti:shei:sistersst(8)鼻(辅)音:mn鼻音发音要领:软颚下垂,口腔通道完全堵塞,气流从鼻腔逸出。三个鼻辅音mn都是浊辅音,
14、发音时声带必须振动。鼻辅音在词末时,发音略为延长。m双唇紧闭,舌身平放,软颚下垂,气流从鼻腔逸出。发音规则:m:m mm m(b) m(n)m:manmeatmeettimemm: commoncommunicatem(b):climblamm(n): autumnn舌尖紧贴上齿龈,形成阻碍,双唇不闭,软颚下垂,气流从鼻腔逸出。发音规则:n:n (k)n nn (m)nn:nameniceninenearunder(k)n: knowknifenn: Ann(m)n:mnemonics舌尖和发k/g时相同,但软颚下垂,堵住口腔通道,气流从鼻腔逸出。发音规则::ng nk n(g)ng: sin
15、glongyoungmorningn(k): thankthinkinkpinkn(g): English发音练习:aeheiajekkememnenouvvi:xekszzed摩擦音hrjw及舌侧音l摩擦音发音要领:h是清辅音,发音时声带不振动。rjw是浊辅音,发音时声带必须振动。h这个音也叫喉音。发这个音时,发音器官呈发元音的姿势,声门张开,气流不受阻碍,自由逸出口腔,声带不振动,只是在通过声门时形成轻微的摩擦;口型不定,随后面的元音而变化。发音时舌后部和软颚间不产生摩擦,即不要发成汉语“赫”的声母。发音规则:h:h (w)hh:heherhavehandheadhair(w)h:whow
16、homwhoser这个音也叫卷舌音。舌尖向上齿龈后部抬起,舌前对硬颚呈凹形,舌身两侧紧贴上颚。双唇略突出,气流由舌面与硬颚间逸出,牙床开合程度大小均可。软颚升起,声带振动。发音规则:r: r rr (w)rr: redrightthreerr: sorryworryhurrycarrycarrot(w)r: writewrongj这个音也叫半元音舌身和双唇呈发i的姿势,舌前部向硬颚抬起,双唇向两旁伸展成扁平形,声带振动1 音节以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节(mnl例外,从单词拼写形式上看,有几个元字组就有几个音节。它们是响音,它
17、们和辅音音素结合,也可构成音节。它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾,一般是非重读音节)。2音节的划分(此处用PPT展示)在重读音节和非重读音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时,一个辅字组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。例如:let-termem-berchil-drendaugh-ter练习:mother girl sister 在重读和非重读音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时,如果前面重读音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果重读音节里的元音是短音,则辅字组属于重读音节。例如:长音pa-perstu-dentfa-therze-romo-torfar-ther短音sev-enstud-ymoth-e
18、rver-ymod-leweath-er3.双音节词重读规则双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。例如:stu-dentChi-nasec-ondau-tumn含有a-be-de-re-in-ex-等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如:aboutbeforeexcuserepairforinventor4.多音节词重读规则多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。例如:el-e-phantcon-grat-ula-tion词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如:scientificim
19、pressionnation5.重读音节单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。6.开音节绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如:noblueba-bystu-dentse-cret相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如:namethesebikehomeexcuse五个元音字母在开音节中发长音ei:auju:7.闭音节单个元音字母后面有辅字组(rwy除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如:bageggfishnotcup五个元音字母在闭音节中
20、发短音(a e i o u)二、26个字母的音标学习26个英文字母及发音音标如下:Aaei Bbbi: Ccsi: Dddi:Eei: Ffef Ggd3i: HheiIiai Jjd3ei Kkkei LlelMmem Nnen Oou Pppi:Qqkju: Rr: Sses Ttti: Uuju: Vvvi: Wwdblju:Xxeks Yywai Zz zi:ze d 以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如:1)含元音音素ei 字母:Aa Hh Jj Kk音标: ei eit d3eikei2)含元音音素i: 字母: BbCc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv音标:
21、 bi: si: di: i:d3i: pi:ti: vi:3)含元音音素e 字母: Ff LlMm Nn Ss Xx Zz音标: efelem enesekszed4)含元音音素ju: 字母: UuQqWw 音标:ju: kju: dblju:5)含元音音素ai字母: IiYy音标: aiwai 音标练习判断发音一、选出划线部分与其他三项发音不同的一项( C)1.A.cake B.take C.nap D.wave ( A )2.A.bread B.eat C.tea D.seat ( D )3.A.never B.leg C.red D.he ( B )4.A.good B.too C.b
22、ook D.neighborhood ( B )5.A.father B.crab C.shark D.car ( A)6.A.soda B.hot C.box D.not ( D )7.A.bike B.five C.my D.his ( B)8.A.order B.doctor C.boring D.corner ( A)9.A.what B.water C.walk D.talk ( C)10.A.go B.no C.to D.nose ( D)11.A.day B.play C.they D.Sunday( D )43.A.wash B.sure C.shape D.square (
23、A )44.A.on B.diamond C.crayon D.oclock ( B )45.A.near B.heart C.tear D.hear ( C)46.A.tea B.meat C.weather D.beach ( B )47.A.back B.fast C.have D.map ( A )48.A.warm B.garden C.market D.party ( D )49.A.school B.tooth C.choose D.good ( B )50.A.book B.too C.look D.cook ( C )51.A.June B.ruler C.put D.men
24、u ( A )52.A.push B.fun C.sun D.cut ( B )53.A.tiger B.her C.officer D.over ( D )54.A.go B.no C.cold D.hot ( C )55.A.like B.lion C.pizza D.Friday ( C )56.A.teacher B.seat C.weather D.please ( B )57.A.yellowB.brown C.window D.know ( C )58.A.cake B.face C.apple D.late ( A )59.A.me B.leg C.bed D.set ( B
25、)60.A.hut B.ruler C.duck D.cup( C )61.A.clock B.hot C.go D.sock ( D )62.A.head B.dead C.deaf D.sea 二、判断发音是否相同,打或4. make name ()5. like little ()6. wife sit()7. try fly ()8. pain wait ()9. boy my ()10. toy joy ()11. go no ()25. five nice ()30. use under ()31.like pizza ()32. cat father ()33. egg he ()34. ask park ()35. sun hungry ()36. cut put ()e from ()38. under uncle ()39. sing evening ()40. bed head ()41. bird girl ()42. learn shirt ()43. juice who ()44.food foot ()45. learn near ()46. drop hot ()47. short shirt () 教师评定:1、 学生上次作业评价: 好 较好 一般 差2、 学生本次上课情况评价: 好 较好 一般 差 教师签字: