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1、第二讲：第二讲： 代词代词 一一考点、热点回顾考点、热点回顾 用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。 考点一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词考点一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词 类别 人称 人称代词物主代词 反身代词 主格宾格形容词性名词性 第一 人称 单数Imemyminemyself 复数weusouroursourselves 第二 人称 单数youyouyouryoursyourself 复数youyouyouryoursyourselves 第三 人称 单数 hehimhishishimself sheherherhersherself itititsitsitself 复数the
2、ythemtheirtheirsthemselves 1.称代词的用法 主 格 动词 之前 主 语 I think he has a pingpong ball.我认为他有一个乒乓 球。 宾 格 动 词、 介词 之后 宾 语 或 表 语 You can ask him for the dictionary.你可以找他要那 本字典。 2. 物主代词的用法 类别成分 示例 形容词性物 主代词 定语 My birthday is on May 2nd. 我的生日在 5 月 2 号 名词性物主代 词 主语 This isnt your book. Yours is on the table.这不是你的
3、 书，你的(书)在桌子上。 宾语 Your son is at the same age as mine. 你儿子的年纪和 我儿子一样大。 表语The green pen is hers, too. 这支绿色的钢笔也是她的。 拓展： 形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，用于名词前作定语，相当于形容词。名词 性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词_” ， 具有名词的特征， 需单独使用。 如： My idea is quite different from hers.我的想法和她的大不相同。 (hersher idea) 3. 反身代词的用法 类 别 位置示例 宾 语 动词之后 Did you hurt y
4、ourself playing soccer？你踢足球伤到自己 了吗？ 介词之后 But the driver didnt think about himself.但是司机没有考 虑他自己。 表 语 系动词之 后 Mary hasnt been herself recently.玛丽近来有些不对劲。 同 位 语 名词或代 词之后或 句末 I can finish my homework myself. 我能自己完成家庭作 业。 反身代词的相关短语： 动词之后 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 help oneself (to)自用(食物等) dress oneself 自己穿衣服 teac
5、h oneself（=learn by oneself）自学 lose oneself in 沉溺于 devote oneself to 献身于 介词之后 by oneself 单独地，独自地（宜宾：2017.61） for oneself 为自己 look after oneself 照顾自己 smile to oneself 暗笑 come to oneself 苏醒 say to oneself 自言自语 keep sth. to oneself 保密 考点二考点二普通不定代词普通不定代词 1. both, either, neither, none 与 all 不定代 词 含义用法 b
6、oth两者都均可与 of 搭配，后接名词复数构成 主语； either/neitherof名词复数作主语， either两者中的任何一 个 谓语动词用单数； both/allof名词复数作主语，谓语 动词用复数； noneof名词复数作主语，谓语动 词用单数或复数均可。 neithe r 两者都不 none三者或三者以上 都不 all三者或三者以上 都 2.2. other,other, thethe other,other, others,others, thethe othersothers 与与 anotheranother 不定含义用法 代词 other另外的复数名词，表示除去一部分以
7、外的另一些， 但不是剩下的全部。 如果前面有 the, any,every, no, my, your, his 等，则可与单数名词连用。 the other 两者中的另 一个 单数可数名词， 常与 one 连用， 构成 one., the other.。 两部分中的 另外一部分 复数名词，表示“其余的全部” 。 不定 代词 含义用法 other s 另一些other名词复数，其后不接名词。表示除去 一部分以后的另一些，但不是剩下的全部。 the other s 其余一些the other名词复数，其后不接名词。表示 “其余的全部” 。 anoth er 再一的； 另一 的 单数名词， 表示再
8、一， 另一个(三者或三者以 上中的另一个)。 3. ma ny 与与 much 相同点均表示“很多，许多” ，可在句中作主语、宾语、定 语。 不同点many指代或修饰可数名词复数many books许多 书 much指代或修饰不可数名词much water 许多 另一个不修饰名词，表示三者或三者以上中的另一 个。 水 4. some 与与 any 相同 点 均可修饰可数名词和不可数名词，表示“一些” ，即不确定的 数量、数目。 不同 点 so me 一般用于肯定句中， 也可用于表示建议或请求的疑问句 中，表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答。 any多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中，用于肯定句时表示 “
9、任何(一个/一些)” 。 5. each 与与 every 不定代 词 eachevery 相同点“each/every名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 不同点既可作定语，也可单独使用仅作定语，不可单独使用 强调个体强调整体 指两者或两者以上的人或事 物中的“每一个” 指三者或三者以上的人或事 物中的“每一个” 后可加 of 短语后不可加 of 短语 6. a little, little, a few 与与 few 肯定意义否定意义所修饰的名词 a little 一点little 几乎没有不可数名词 a few 一些，几个few 几乎没有可数名词复数 考点三考点三.复合不定代词复合不定
10、代词 1.1. 初中阶段常见的复合不定代词初中阶段常见的复合不定代词 one(指人)body(指人)thing(指物) some(肯定)someone(某 人) somebody(某人)something (某事，某物) any(否定/肯 anyone(任anybody(任何人)anything(任何事) 定)何人) every(肯定)everyone(每 个人) everybody(每个 人) everything (每件事，一切) no(否定)no one(没有 人) nobody(没有人)nothing (什么都没有) 2. 复合不定代词的用法 (1)由 some 和 any 构成的复合
11、不定代词的区别与 some 和 any 的区别基本相同， 即 someone, somebody, something 通常用于肯定句；anyone, anybody, anything 通 常用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句。 (2)当形容词或 else(另外的)修饰复合不定代词时， 形容词或 else 必须放在复合不 定代词之后。如：There is something interesting in the book.这本书里有一些有趣 的东西。 (3)复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语。作主语时，谓语动词用_。 如：Somebody is speaking in the empty ho
12、use.有人在那个空房子里说话。 单数 3. 复合不定代词常用句型 (1)There is something wrong with.意为“出问题了” 。如：There is something wrong with the car.这辆汽车出问题了。 (2).has something/nothing to do with.意为“与有/无关” 。如：I have nothing to do with her.我跟她没有关系。 (3)sb. can do nothing but do sth.意为“某人不能做什么只能做某事” 。如：I can do nothing but wait. 我什么都
13、不能做只能等待。 考考点点 4 4指示代词与疑问代词指示代词与疑问代词 1.1. 指示代词的基本用法指示代词的基本用法 代词 用法例句 it特指上下文中提到的同一事物The book is mine. Its very interesting.这本书 是我的。它很有趣。 当说话人对所涉及的人的身份、 姓名 不清楚或看(听)不出来时，常用 it 代 替和当时某一事件、 某一动作相关的 那个人 There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman. 有人在敲门， 一定是邮递员。 代 词 用法例句 one泛指上下文提及的同类人或事物中 的一个，同类
14、而不是同一个 Who has the book named The Little Prince？谁有小王子 这本书？ I have one.我有一本。 this/ thes e 指近处的人或物，也可介绍别人，单 数用 this，复数用 these This is my book.这是我 的书。 These clips are beautiful, and they match her pink coat! 这些发卡真漂亮 啊，它们和她的粉色大 衣很相配。 代词用法例句 that/tho se 指远处的人或物，单数用 that，复 数用 those Those are my parents.那
15、是我的父母。 常用于比较结构中， 代替前面提到 的名词，以避免重复 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shenzhen.北京的天气比 深圳的更冷些。 打电话时，用 that 询问对方是谁Whos that, please? This is Lucy. 2. it 的特殊用法 (1)it 作形式主语，常用于以下句型： Its adj.(for sb.)to do sth. (对某人来说，)做某事是。 It is adj.(of sb.)to do sth. (某人)做某事是。 Itsadj.that 从句 是的。 It takes sb.
16、一段时间to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。 (2)it 作形式宾语代替由不定式或从句等所表示的真正宾语，常用在动词 find, think, make, consider, feel 等动词后。如：Many people find it pleasant to travel around. 许多人觉得到处旅游很愉快。 (3)it 其他句型： Its time to do sth. 是做某事的时间了。 Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了。 It seems that.好像。 疑问代词疑问代词 疑问代词的基本用法。疑问代词的基本用法。 疑问代词是用来构成
17、特殊疑问句的代词疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词， 一般放在句首一般放在句首， 并在句中并在句中 充当主语、表语、宾语或定语。充当主语、表语、宾语或定语。 代词含 义 基本用法 who谁对人称代词主格进行提问，询问人物、身份 who m 谁对人称代词宾格进行提问，询问人物 who se 谁 的 询问所属关系 what什 么 对具体内容进行提问，询问事物、身份、职业等 whic h 哪 个 对指定范围内“哪个”进行提问，询问特定的人或物 注意：所有疑问代词都可以作为连接代词， 用于复合句中连接主句和从句： (1)所有疑问代词均可引导宾语从句； (2)除 what 外的疑问代词均可引导定语从句。
18、 二二典型例题典型例题 1.(2019 安徽)Could you stay a little longer? I have _ more to tell you about the plan for tomorrow. A. somethingB. everythingC. anything D. nothing 2.(2019 江苏连云港)After the new high-speed railway line began operations, the time on the trip from Lianyungang to Qingdao now is much less than _
19、in the past. A. one B. this C. that D. it 3.(2019 江苏苏州)-Hello, are you Mr. Morrison? -Yes. Thats _. A. him B. me C. you D. us 4.(2019 江苏宿迁)As the lights in the room went out, it was very dark and _could be seen clearly. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 5.(2019 山东滨州)Jerry, is that bo
20、y with glasses _ new classmates? - Yes. Lets say hello to _. A. our; he B. us; him C. ours; his D. our; him 6.(2019 四川南充)-Excuse me, 1d like to buy a birthday gift for my son. -We have different kinds of new toys for boys. You can choose _for your son. A. that B. one C. it D. either 7.(2019 温州)Sam f
21、inds sweeping robots useful, and he plans to buy _ for his grandma. A. it B. one C. this D. that 8.(2019 重庆 B 卷)Tom is my best friend. I often play basketball with _. A. he B. his C. him D. himself 9.(2019 江苏淮安)- Oh. my God! I forgot to bring my pen here. -Dont worry. I have two. You can use _. A. I
22、 B. me C. myself D. mine 10.(2019 江苏淮安)Some people are too shy to say a word in public. However, _ arent. A. another B. the other C. others D. the others 11.(2019 湖北黄冈)Jack, you swam very well.Who taught you? Nobody I taught_ A. I B. me C. myself D. mine 12.(2019 武汉)This room is too small. Id like t
23、o ask for. Sure.We have rooms available here. A. another B. the other C. one D. it 13.(2019 湖南郴州)Our teachers and parents will be proud of us because we have grown up and can beresponsible for _ A. themselves B. ourselves C. yourselves 14.(2019 江苏泰州)-You look pale today, Madam! Whats the matter with
24、 you? - _ serious. Just a cold. A. Something B. Anything C. Nothing D. Everything 15.(2019 湖北孝感)I have a lovely pet cat. _name is Lazy. A. It B. This C. Its D. She 16.(2019 湖北鄂州) I tried several ways to work out the math problem, but_ of them worked. Never give up. I believe youll make it. A. all B.
25、 each C. none D. neither 17.(2019 甘肃酒泉)Sunnys uncle is a teacher._enjoys staying with kids. A. He B. She C. It D. I 18.(2019 甘肃兰州)Frank is a friend of _.He is a scientist from Canada. A. my B. I C. me D. mine 19.(2019 山东临沂)Tennis can exercise all of our muscles (肌肉) . And it requires _to spend time
26、with others. This is good for our health too. A. ours B. us C. we 20.(2019 贵州安顺)-Look! Whos _ girl in a red skirt over there? -Oh, she is my sister, Kate. She is _ honest girl. A. that, a B. this, the C. this, a D. that, an 二填空题（根据括号内的适当形式填空）二填空题（根据括号内的适当形式填空） 1.(2019 江苏淮安)The journey was a little b
27、oring. We didnt enjoy _ (we) at all. 2.(2019 湖北鄂州) No matter what happens, believe in _ (you), boys and girls. 3.(2019 甘肃酒泉) My 18- year -old elder brother can take good care of_(he). 4.(2019 甘肃兰州) Tom and Jerry have a lot in common. _(they) favorite basketball player is James Harder. 5.(2019 山东临沂)
28、The little boy said, I am old enough to take good care of _(my) 6.(2019 山东泰安) As the old saying goes, God helps those who help _（他们自己）. 7.(2019 广西百色) Everyone believes that_ team will win the match this weekend（we） 8.(2019 四川凉山) Do you know w_baseball this is? Does it belong to Jim? 9.(2019 湖南常德) Ca
29、n you talk to _ (they) and play games with them? 10.(2019 黑龙江绥化) The boy could dress _ (he) at the age of four. 11.(2019 江苏徐州) You are lucky, Linda. You didnt hurt _(you). 12.(2019 上海) Dont easily follow a fashion.Being_is the best rule.（you） 13.(2019 新疆)Boys and girls,help y to some fish. 14.(2019
30、黑龙江龙东地区) Family members always get together to enjoy _ (they) on Mid-autumn Day. 15.(2019 内蒙古包头) Are you travelling along the Yangtze River next month? Yes. My brother will join _. (we) 16.(2019 黑龙江大庆) Dear, help _ (you) to eat anything you like. Mrs. Li said to Mary. 17.(2019 吉林长春) Im sure Jim will
31、 succeed as long as he believes in _(him). 18.(2019 山东济南莱芜) He enjoyed _ (he) at the party that night. 三课时训练三课时训练 1.(2019 四川成都)Uncle Lee, may I use your bike? Sorry, mine is broken. You can ask your aunt for _. A. mine B. his C. hers 2.(2019 四川成都)Smart phones _ by Huawei are getting more and more po
32、pular around the world. A. made B. making C. to make 3.(2019 四川乐山)Allan, I found a red eraser under your chair. Is it yours? Oh, yes. Its_. Thank you, Mike. A. me B. my C. mine 4.(2019 四川乐山)Can you kick the ball to _ end of the football field? Its hard for me. I think few goalkeepers can make it. A.
33、 another B. the other C. other 5.(2019 四川凉山)I dont want to be _ else. I just want to be. A. anybody; myself B. somebody; myself C. everybody; me D. anybody; me 6.(2019 四川广元)Welcome you all to Guangyuan and enjoy _ here. A. you B. your C. yourselves 7.(2019 四川广元)Which do you prefer, juice or tea? _ i
34、s OK. I dont care. A. All B. Neither C. Either 8.(2019 四川达州)Hey， Jenny， which are my gifts for Fathers Day？ The yellow gifts are _and the red_belong to grandpa A. your；one B. yours；one C. you；ones D. yours；ones 9.(2019四川遂宁)The baby is too young. Dont leave her at home by_. A. she B. her C. hers D. h
35、erself 10.(2019 四川内江)Which is Marys dictionary? This one is _. That one is _. A. hers ; mine B. her ; mine C. hers ; my D. her ; me 11.(2019 四川眉山)Upstairs are _ bedrooms. They are tidy and nice. But _ are in a mess. A. Lilys and Lucys; our B. Lilys and Lucys; ours C. Lilys and Lucy; ours D. Lily and
36、 Lucys; our 完型填空完型填空 In the new scifi film The Wandering Earth流浪地球 ，humans save the Earth without leaving it In manyeven most spacethemed films， whenever Earth faces a disaster（灾难） ，the_21_ is always running away from the planet in spaceships But the latest Chinese scifi movie， The Wandering Earth ，
37、offers a different and more ambitious idea In the film，based on a short story by Chinese scifi writer Liu Cixin，Earth is in danger of being destroyed by the dying sun In reply， humans around the world work_22_ to build a huge engine system that will push Earth away from the dying sun_23_ giving up E
38、arthagain this time were taking it with us Thisambitiondidnt come from nowhere， For thousands of years，homeland has had a soft point in _24_ of Chinese people One old idiom is luoyeguigen， which means returning to ones homeland at the old age， like _25_ leaves return to the roots of their trees Or t
39、here is an ancient poem， The season called the White Dew begins tonight：Nowhere as in our native place is the moon so bright These_26_ show the tight link that Chinese people have had with their homeland This special cultural background is probably the key _27_separates The Wandering Earth from Holl
40、ywoodstyle space films What is Chinese scifi？Guo Fan， the films director said in an interview Amovie that can really _28_our cultural and spiritual view can be called Chinese scifi Or， were just copying others and telling the same American stories And the makers of The Wandering Earth may have chose
41、n the best time to tell its Chinese scifi storyThe film was released on Feb 5th， the first day of Chinese New Year It was a time when many people had just made the _29_journey back to their hometowns So to them， there is only one possible way to tell the story Earth_30_wherever humans go， because it
42、s our home forever 21.A. questionB. solutionC. problemD. difficulty 22.A. togetherB. alongC. withD. nearly 23.A. InsteadB. Instead ofC. Rather thanD. Rather 24.A. bodyB. bodiesC. mindD. minds 25.A. fallingB. fallenC. fellD. falls 26.A. eitherB. noneC. neitherD. both 27.A. thatB. whereC. whatD. how 2
43、8.A. expressB. knowC. tellD. report 29.A. sadlyB. sadC. hardD. hardly 30.A. wentB. goC. goingD. goes 短文改错短文改错 此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行做出判断：如无错误， 在该行右边横线上画一个勾()：如有错误（每行只有一个错误） ，则按下列情况 改正： 此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线()划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也 用斜线划掉。 此行缺一个词： 在缺词处加一个漏字符号()， 在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。 此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的
44、词。 注意：原行没有错的不要改。 Exercising is one of the most important thing we can do for our bodies76. _ Eating good food and drinking water are not enough to make us77. _ stronger and much healthy.A person should exercise at least three times a week 78. _ for an hour or more. This is even more important if a p
45、erson is too heavily.79. _ If they want to lose weigh, they may have to exercise five to six times80. _ a week. Running and walking are good with your heart.81. _ You will feel really relaxing after you finish the exercise.82. _ When you run, you have to use your legs and arms. This make you legs83.
46、 _ stronger. If youve never exercised in before, it is best to start slowly.84. _ It is also a good idea chat with your doctor before you start exercising. 85. _ 短文填空短文填空：阅该下面的短文,用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文意通 顺，结构正确。 （每个单词限用一次）（每个单词限用一次） comefirsthowflyprobablymeteritfor littleand Have you ever dreamed of fl
47、ying to school like Harry Potter? Of course, youre 1not a magician. But Speeder could make your dreams2true. Speeder is a flying motorcycle. A US company made3. The company calls it the worlds 4flying motorcycle. Speeder can take off5land anywhere. It flies at 240 km per hour at a height of 4,5006in the sky. To reach that speed, Speeder mainly uses diesel fuel(柴油) to7. The company will do more research on8to use c