资源描述
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一、 重读音节
1.1 开闭音节读音
元音字母重读开音节和闭音节中的读音
a
①在开音节中/eɪ/ name,plane,Jane,baby,cake
②在闭音节中
1) 一般读作// bag,dad,hat,map,black,back
2) 后面字母为后面字母为st,ss,th时读/ɑ:/
e
①在开音节中/i:/ he,these,me,Chinese
②在闭音节中/e/ bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg
i
①在开音节中/aɪ/ bike,drive,time,nice,kite
②在闭音节中/ɪ/ fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim
o
①在开音节中/əʊ/ those,close,go,hoe,home,no
②在闭音节中/ɒ/ clock,not,box,shop,sock
u
①在开音节中
1) /ju:/ student,excuse,duty,Tuesday
2) 元音字母u在辅音字母j、l、r或字母组合ch、sh、tr、dr后面时(辅音字母发音为[ʃ]、[ʒ]、[tʃ]、[dʒ]、[l]、[r]、[tr]、[dr]),读/u:/,例如:June,blue,ruler,true。
②在闭音节中/ʌ/ bus,cup,jump,much,lunch
1.2 特殊读音
元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
a
①在/w/音后面/ɒ/ want,what,watch,wash,quality
②在f,n,sk,ph,sp,ss,st,th,lm前/α:/ after,plant,ask,grasp,glass,fast,father
i
在-nd,-ld和gh前/aɪ/ find,child,light,high
o
①在-st,-ld前/əʊ/ most,postcard,old,cold
②在m,n,v,th前/ʌ/ come,monkey,love,mother
1.3 r音节
-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音:
ar
①/α:/ car,farm,dark,sharpener
②在/w/音后面/ɔ:/ warm,quarter,towards
or
①/ɔ:/ forty morning short
②/ɜ:/ word worker worse
er,ir,ur
/ɜ:/ certainly bird Thursday
注:①辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如:carry,sorry,hurry。②-r音节在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音,例如:dollar,teacher,martyr,forget,Saturday。
1.4 re音节
-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
are
/eə/ care,dare,hare
ere
/ɪə/ here,mere
ire
/aɪə/ fire,hire,wire
ore
/ɔ:/ more,score,before
ure
/jʊə/ pure,cure
-re
/ə/ centre,fibre,titre,meagre,saltpetre
注:
①are,ere,ire,ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读/ə/音,例如:picture,pleasure。
②重读元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读/r/音。例如:parent,zero,story,during,inspiring。
③另外,某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange,very,American,paragraph。
1.5 元音字组
元音字组在重读音节中的读音
ai,ay
/eɪ/ afraid,rain,wait,day,play
air
/eə/ air,hair,chair,pair,repair
al
①在l,k前/ɔ:/ small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk,
②/ɔ:l/ always,also,salt,almost
③在f,m前/α:/ half,calm
au,aw
/ɔ:/ autumn,daughter,draw
ea
①/i:/ teach,easy,cheap,please
②/e/ heavy,bread,sweater,weather
③/eɪ/ break,great
ear
①/ɪə/ hear,dear,near,clear,year
②/eə/ bear,pear,wear,swear
③/ɜ:/ earth,learn,early
ee
/i:/ jeep,week,green,three
eer
/ɪə/ pioneer,deer,beer
ei,ey
①/eɪ/ eight,neighbour,they
②/i:/ seize,key
eu,ew
①在j,l,r,s后/u:/ flew,brew,jewelry,jewel
②/ju:/ new,few,newspaper
ie,ei
/s/音之后/i:/ piece,field,receive
oa
/əʊ/ coat,Joan,boat,goal
oar,oor
/ɔ:/ roar,board,door,floor
oi,oy
/ɔɪ/ noise,point,boy,toilet
oo
/u:/ broom,food,tooth,school,zoo
/ʊ/ book,look,cook,foot,good, football
ou,ow
①/aʊ/ flower,house,count,down
②/əʊ/ know,row,throw,though
③/ʌ/ young,country,enough
④/u:/ group,soup
our
①/ɔ:/ course,your,four
②/aʊə/ our,hour,sour
③/ɜ:/ journey
oul
/ʊ/ would,should,could(主要是情态动词、助动词)
ui
①在j,l,r,s后/u:ɪ/ fluid,suicide,tuition
②/u:/ juice,fruit,suit
二、 非重读音节
2
2.1 元音字母
元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
a
/ə/ China,another,woman,breakfast
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,作动词后缀音,a读/eɪ/音,例如:operate,a处在开音节位置,
e
/ə/ hundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,children
i
①/ə/ holiday,beautiful,family,animal
②/aɪ/ exercise,satellite
o
①/ə/ second,tonight,somebody,welcome
②/əʊ/ also,zero,photo
u
①/ə/ autumn,difficult
②/ju:/ popular,congratulation,January
③在辅音字母j,l,r,s后面时,读/ʊ/或/u:/音,例如:July,influence,February,issue。
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a,e,i既可以读/ə/的音,也可以读/ɪ/的音。
2.2 元音字组
非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
ai,ay,ei,ey
/ɪ/ foreign,monkey
ow
/əʊ/ yellow,sparrow,tomorrow
注:元音字组在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音或/ɪ/音。例如:serious,famous,biscuit,coffee,neighbour
-sion,-tion
①/ʃən/ impression,nation
②在元音字母后/ʒən/ vision,decision,occasion
③在s后/tʃən/ question,suggestion
-isle
/aɪl/ aisle, Carlisle
-sten
/sən/ listen
-stle
/sl/ whistle
-sure
/ʒə/ pleasure,measure
-ture
/tʃə/ picture,culture
2.3 复合词
元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如:everyday/eɪ/,handbag//,blackboard/ɔ:/。有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如:holy(神圣)+day/eɪ/(日子)=holiday/ɪ/(假日):break(中断)+fast/α:/(斋戒)=breakfast/ə/(早餐);cup(茶杯)+board/ɔ:/(木板)=cupboard/ə/(碗柜)。
三、 辅字组读音
b
①/b/ bike,bus,bag
②/不发/ bomb,tomb
c
①在e前或在i,y前/s/ face,decide,cinema,bicycle
②其他情况/k/ cake,picture,coat,music
③/tʃ/ cello、concerto
ch
①/tʃ/ much,chick,rich,teacher
②/k/ school,headache,chemistry(主要为希腊外来词)
③/ʃ/ machine,moustache(主要是法语外来词)
-ck/cq
[k] cock,pocket,black,knock,checque,
cz
[tʃ] Czech
d
/d/ doctor,bread,hand,day
-dg(e)
/dʒ/ bridge,fridge
dr-
/dr/ children,driver,drink
ds
/dz/ hands(主要用于可数名词复数)
f
/f/ five,four,breakfast
/v/ of
g
①/g/ bag,garden,go
②在e,i,y之前一般读作/dʒ/,少数例外,orange,large,German,apology,giant
③e,i,y之前少数情况下读/ʒ/ genre,massage
gh
①/f/ cough,enough
②/不发/ light,daughter,high
gu-,-gue
①/g/ guess,league,dialogue(-gue在非重读音节中)
②/gw/ language,anguish
h
①/h/ hot,head,house,hand
②/不发/ hour,honest
j
①/dʒ/ jeep,jar,joke,join,June
②/ʒ/ Jacques(用于法国人名)
③/h/ Juanita(用于西班牙人名)
k
/k/ kind,bike,skate,make,week
kn-
/n/ knife,know,knock
l
①/l/ life,lead,lot(出现在元音前面)
②/ɫ/ milk,school,tall[出现在元音后面。可以出现在辅音前,也可出现在辅音后(词尾)]
m
/m/ monkey,come
-mn
/m/ autumn,column,solemn
n
①/n/ not,shine,ten,note
②在/k/、/g/音前/ŋ/ uncle,thank,hungry
-ng
/ŋ/ morning,young,wrong
p
/p/ paper,plane,pig,ship,pen
ph
/f/ elephant,photo,telephone,graph
q
/k/ Iraq
qu-
/kw/ quality,quite
r
/r/ red,rubber,ruler
rz
/ʒ/ Zabrze(扎布热)
s
①在词首、清辅音前/s/ sit,sleep,desk
②元音字母间或浊辅音前/z/ music,husband
③sure结构或s+i/e+元音字母时读作/ʃ/或/ʒ/。/ʃ/:ensure,Asian。/ʒ/:pleasure,conclusion。
sc-
①/sk/ scarlet
②/s/ 在i,e和y之前scenery,science
sch-
/ʃ/ schedule/英′ʃedju:l,美′skedʒul/
sh
/ʃ/ she,fish,shirt,wash
t
①/t/ ten,letter,meet
②在弱读字母ia,ie,io前/ʃ/ patient,nation
tch
/tʃ/ watch
th
①/θ/ thin,thirty,method
②// the,these,with,than,clothe,father,weather(在冠词、代词、介词、连词中,以及在词尾-the,-ther中
tr-
/tr/ tree,train,country,truck
ts,tz
/ts/ Tsingtao(青岛),Tientsin(天津),pants(主要用于可数名词复数)
quartz,Hertz/英hə:z,美hə:rts/(用于德国人名)
v
/v/ very,voice,love,leave
w
①/w/ week,win,wake,sweet,wait
②/不发/ answer,two,sword
wh-
①/w/ what,when,white,why
②在字母o前/h/ who,whose,whole
wr-
/r/ write
x
①在重读元音后/ks/ box,text,exercise
②ex+重音元音读/gz/,example,exist,exact
③/z/ xylophone
y
/j/ yes,yard,yellow,young
z
①/z/ puzzle,zero,zoo
②/ʒ/ azure
③/ts/ pizza Nazi(意大利、德国外来词)
zh
/ʒ/ zhoosh
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