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1、2定义情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。该或必要等。 情态动词后面加动词原形。 注意9一、一、 can, could3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall
2、 can hold 500 people at least. 4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、疑问句、否定句否定句和感叹句感叹句中。Can this be true?This cant be done by him.对比：对比：This must be done by him.How can this be true?101. Can 表示能力表示能力 The parrot can speak three languages.表示允许表示允许 Can I borrow the book from the library?表示可能性表示可
3、能性 Shanghai can be very cold in March.Could 过去式；语气更委婉2. Can 与 be able toCan 表示习惯能力，而表示习惯能力，而be able to表示经过那里而做成了某事。表示经过那里而做成了某事。2. 在否定结构中，二者可以互换。在否定结构中，二者可以互换。3. can./could + have +p.p1.在否定、疑问句中表示在否定、疑问句中表示“对过去发生行对过去发生行为的可能性猜测。为的可能性猜测。2. 在肯定句中表示在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而未做本来可以做而未做”The door was lacked. She could
4、nt have been at home.（推测：）You could have been more careful.（但实事上没有更细致）11二、二、 may, might 1) 表示请求和允许。表示请求和允许。might比比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用否定回答时可用（考点一）（考点一）cant或或mustnt，表示，表示“不可以，禁不可以，禁止止”。-Might/ May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustnt.- May/Might I take this book out of the room?- Y
5、es, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. )用用May I.？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I.？在？在口语中更常见。口语中更常见。12二、二、 may, might 2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed!3) 表示推测、可能性推测、可能性（不用于疑问句疑问句）。might不是过去式过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。1He may /might be very busy now.2Your mother may /might not know the truth.13
6、1. May 表示可能性表示允许表示祝愿Might 过去式；语气更委婉2. may/might + have +p.p1.在否定、肯定句中表示对过去动作的推测在否定、肯定句中表示对过去动作的推测 “也许是也许是”2. Might+have+p.p表示虚拟，表表示虚拟，表“劝告、责备之意。劝告、责备之意。”Eg. 1. She may be still waiting for us. 2. May I come in? 3.May you have a happy holiday.Eg. 1. He might have spoken to her yesterday.（委婉推测） 2. You
7、 might have told me earlier.（你或许可以早点告诉我，但实事上没有，有责备之意）14三、三、 must, have to 1) 表示必须、必要。表示必须、必要。You must come in time.在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，(考点一考点一)不能用mustnt（禁止，不准），而用neednt, dont have to（不必）.- Must we hand in our exercise books today?- Yes, you must.- No, you dont have to / you neednt.15三、三、 must, have to
8、2) must是说话人的主观看法，是说话人的主观看法， 而而have to则强调客观需要。则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时，只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。有更多的时态形式。He play isnt interesting, I really must go now.I had to work when I was your age.3) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. Your mother must
9、be waiting for you now.161. Must 表示肯定的猜测表示肯定的猜测,但只用于肯定句，但只用于肯定句，而而mustnt 表示表示“禁止、不准禁止、不准”2. Must 、have to 与have got toMust表示主观表示主观Have to表示客观需求表示客观需求Have got to 多见于口语多见于口语3. must + have +p.p对过去事情的肯定猜测。对过去事情的肯定猜测。Eg. The road is wet. It must have rained last night.17四、四、 shall, should 1) shall 用于第一人称
10、，征求对方的意见。用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。What shall we do this evening?Shall we go there by bus?2) shall 用于用于 (考点一考点一) 第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。警告、允诺或威胁。1. You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告警告)2. He shall have me the book when I finish it.(允诺允诺)3. He shall be punished.(威胁威胁)181、Shall /sho
11、uld 1、第一、三人称疑问句中表示、第一、三人称疑问句中表示“请求请求 或征求对方意见。或征求对方意见。Eg. Shall I get you a cup of coffee?2、第二、三人称陈述句中、第二、三人称陈述句中1、表示允诺、表示允诺“会（得到）。会（得到）。2、表示命令、表示命令/警告警告威胁威胁 “该回必须该回必须” shall/should + have +p.p ought to表示本应该做而未做。表示本应该做而未做。should 过去式 语气更委婉Eg. You should have been five minutes ago.2、2、19五、五、 will, woul
12、d 1) 表示请求、建议等，表示请求、建议等，would更委婉更委婉 Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。表示意志、愿望和决心。1. I will never do that again.2. They asked him if he would go abroad. 20五、五、 will, would 3) would表示过去反复发生的过去反复发生的动作动作或某种某种倾向倾向。would表示过去过去习惯习惯时比used to正式，且没有 (考点考点) “现已无此习惯”的含义。1. During the vacati
13、on, he would visit me every other day.2. The wound would not heal治愈治愈 . 创伤难以愈合创伤难以愈合 Would 后只能接表示动作的动词。动作的动词。used to 则还可以接表示状态状态的动词。（考点）动词。（考点）He used to be a worker.4) 表示估计和猜想。表示估计和猜想。 It would be about ten oclock when she left home.21Will/ would 1、表示意愿、表示意愿 Ill try my best to overcome the difficul
14、ty.2、表示意图、表示意图What will you do?3、表示请示、表示请示 Will you halp me to put these books in order?4、表示习惯动作、表示习惯动作She will sit for hours without saying a word.Would 与 used to 1、Would 后只能接表示动作的动词。后只能接表示动作的动词。2、used to 则还可以接表示状态的动词。则还可以接表示状态的动词。Eg. He used to be a worker.22used to和和would的区别的区别1. 都可以表示过去重复的习惯，都可以
15、表示过去重复的习惯，used to 含含有有“过去怎样而现在却不这样了过去怎样而现在却不这样了”的意思；的意思；而而would则单纯表示过去的习惯性动作，常则单纯表示过去的习惯性动作，常和和often, everyday等连用。等连用。He would take a walk near the forest in the evening. （现在可能散步也可能不散现在可能散步也可能不散步了）步了）He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening. （而现在不散步了）而现在不散步了）231. She isnt what she used
16、to be. 她跟过去她跟过去不一样了。不一样了。（表示对比，不可用（表示对比，不可用would）2. There used to be a park. 以前这里有一以前这里有一个公园。个公园。表示过去的状态，只能用表示过去的状态，只能用used to，不可用，不可用would。24六、六、 dare, need 1) dare作情态动词用时作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为过去式形式为dared。How dare you say Im unfair?He darent speak English before such a cr
17、owd, dare he?If we dared not go there that day， we couldnt get the beautiful flowers.2) need 作情态动词用时作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。代替。1You neednt come so early.2. - Need I finish the work today? - Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.25 3) dare和和 need作实义动
18、词用时，作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，肯定句中，dare后面常接带后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带后面可接带to或不带或不带to的不定式。而的不定式。而need后面只能接带后面只能接带to的的不定式。不定式。1. I dare to swim across this river.2. He doesnt dare (to) answer.3. He needs to finish his homework today.261、情态动词用于否定、疑问句；条件从句中。、情态动词用于否定、疑
19、问句；条件从句中。 eg. 1. Dare you go here alone? 2. How dare you do such follish things? 3. I wont allow you to swim in the river, even if you dare do it.Dare / dared2 、做实意动词后加不定式。、做实意动词后加不定式。 eg. I have never dared to tell him about it. 27Need /needed 1、情态动词用于否定句，疑问句。2、实意动词用法似dare,后加不定式后加不定式。3、need + not +
20、 have +p.p 表示“本来不需要做而做了。28可兼做行为动词的情态动词：可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare 情态动词情态动词 (+动词原形动词原形)行为动词行为动词 .needdare 1.1.无人称和数的变化无人称和数的变化; 2.2.尤其用于：尤其用于：* *否定句及疑问句中否定句及疑问句中; ;*在在if/whether之后之后;* *或与或与hardly, never, no one, nobody连用连用; 3.常以常以neednt和和darent 的形式出现的形式出现;4.dare有其过去时有其过去时dared. 多用于肯定句多用于肯定句; need to do
21、 dare to doneed to be done need doing 29 How dare you say such a thing? How dare you to say such a thing?He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he?He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?30Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.Nobody need be afraid of catching th
22、e disease.These dishes needed be cleaned carefully.These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.These dishes need cleaning carefully.31七、七、 should, ought to 1) should, ought to表示表示“应该应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比表示义务或责任，比should语气重。语气重。1. I should help her because she is in trouble.2. You ought to take care of
23、the baby.2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句可通用，但在疑问句中中常用常用should。1. You should / ought to go to class right away.2. Should I open the window?.32七、七、 should, ought to 3) 表示推测表示推测should , ought to (客观推测客观推测), must(主观推测主观推测)。1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)2.He ought to/should be home
24、 by now.(不太肯定)3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)33Ought to 1、其否定式为、其否定式为ought not to2、ought to + have + p.p 表示本来应该做而没有做到。表示本来应该做而没有做到。 ought + not+ to have + p.p 表示本不来应该做而实际已做到表示本不来应该做而实际已做到 You ought to have come here early. You ought not to have c
25、ut away the trees around the old building.34一，常见的情态动词有：，常见的情态动词有：can, could, may, might ,must, shall, should, will, would, need, have to等等 二，常见的情态动词的基本含义及用法二，常见的情态动词的基本含义及用法1.can/could_ _ _ _cant/couldnt_ _ _ _ 2.may/might_ _.may not_ 3.must_ _ 4.mustnt_ 5.neednt_ 6.have to_ _dont have to_ 7.will/wo
26、uld_ _ _ _ 8.should_shouldnt_ 9.May?的疑问句中否定回答用的疑问句中否定回答用_或或_ 10.Must?的疑问句中否定回答用的疑问句中否定回答用_或或_ 11.请你请你好吗？用句型好吗？用句型: _ 12. Shall I/we? 表示表示 13.需要干某事需要干某事_ _能能 会会 可能可能 可以可以不能不能 不会不会 不可能不可能 不可以不可以可以可以 可能可能可能不可能不必须必须 一定一定不可以不可以不需要不需要不得不不得不 必须必须不需要不需要将将 会会 愿愿 要要应当应当不应当不应当mustntcantneedntdont have toWill /
27、 Would /could you (please)?我我/我们我们好吗？好吗？need do sth need to do sth14.情态动词后跟情态动词后跟_动词原形动词原形35三点说明三点说明1、情态动词 + v 表示对现在或将来现在或将来动作的猜测。 情态动词 + have + p.p表示对过去过去动作的猜测。2、情态动词的过去式与原形相比，多点礼貌，少点冒昧， 语气更为委婉。3情态动词在一般疑问句中的回答： Can you sing? May I come in? Must I handin the book now? Need I finish it now?Yes, I can
28、.No, I cant.Yes, you may.No, you mustnt.Yes, you must.No, neednt /dont have to.Yes, you must.No, you neednt.361. He mustnt be in the classroom. ( )cant2. You might leave the bag on the bag. ( )might have left3. You must have seen the film last week, havet you? ( )didnt you 4. Li ming must have been
29、to Japan, didnt he? ( )hasnt he37重点难点探究重点难点探究38情态动词情态动词 + 完成式动词完成式动词 (指过去的动作或情况指过去的动作或情况) may / might have done sth. 可能做过可能做过(了了)某事某事 cant / couldnt have done sth. 不可能做了某事不可能做了某事 must have done sth. 准是做了某事准是做了某事 neednt have done sth. 本不必做某事本不必做某事(实际上已做实际上已做) could have done sth. 本可以做某事本可以做某事 (实际上没做实
30、际上没做) should have done sth. 本应做某事本应做某事 (实际上没做实际上没做) ought to have done sth. 本应做某事本应做某事 (实际上没做实际上没做)shouldnt have done sth. 本不应做某事本不应做某事 (实际上已做实际上已做)oughtnt to have done sth. 本不应做某事本不应做某事 (实际上已实际上已做做) 39You could have done better, but you didnt try your best. 2. He cant have been to that town.3. Can
31、he have got the book?He may not have finished the work . If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier. You must have seen the film Titanic.He must have been to Shanghai.（虚拟语气）（虚拟语气）（推测推测）（推测推测）他可能没有做完那项工作(条件虚拟） （我们也许会到的更早些）（推测推测）40He should have finished the work by now。You ought to
32、 / should have helped him. (but you didnt.)She shouldnt have taken away my measuring tape测尺 , for I wanted to use it.You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.41高考考点探究高考考点探究: :1. 表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。2. 表示否定的情态动词的用法。表示否定的情态动词的用法。3. shall 和和 will 的多种意义的区别。的多种意义的区别。4. 情态动
33、词短语的使用。情态动词短语的使用。5.情态动词表示推测的使用。情态动词表示推测的使用。6.虚拟语气中情态动词的使用。虚拟语气中情态动词的使用。42 表示能力表示能力: can, could, be able to *be able to 能用于能用于各种时态各种时态。 can / could 只能表示只能表示现在现在或或过去过去的能力。的能力。 *was / were able to : “设法做成某事设法做成某事” 相当于相当于 managed to do sth. succeeded in doing sth.。1. 1. 表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。4
34、31. A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able toA D 443. They will _ run this machine on theirown in three months. can B. could
35、 C. may D. be able to4. That big cinema _ seat 2,000 people.A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able toD A 45表示许可表示许可: may / might, can / could * might, could 比较比较委婉委婉, 一般多用于一般多用于疑问句疑问句.* can, may 表达的语言比较随便表达的语言比较随便.* 在以在以could, might 表示表示征询对方意见征询对方意见 或或表示请求表示请求时，回答应相应使用时，回答应相应使用can, may.46 Can/May/C
36、ould I use your pen?肯定简略回答：肯定简略回答： Yes, you can/may. Yes, please.否定简略回答：否定简略回答： No, you mustnt. Please dont. No, you may not. 475. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _.A. might B. will C. can D. should6. Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _.A. may B. must C. might D. canC A 482.
37、 2. 表示否定的情态动词的用法表示否定的情态动词的用法: :部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点之一部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点之一 mustnt neednt cant may not shouldnt 不准不准, 禁止禁止 没必要没必要 ( = dont have to )不能不能; 不可能不可能不可以不可以; 可能不可能不不应该不应该 ( = ought not to )497. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D.
38、 may not8. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. A. wont ; cant B. mustnt ; may C. shouldnt ; must D. cant ; shouldntC B 509. -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont10. -May I pick a flower in the garden? - _.
39、 A. No, you neednt B. Not, please. C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wontB C 51情态动词：情态动词：shall, will 的多种意义的多种意义: shall / will+ 动词原形动词原形: * shall 可表示必须、命令、可表示必须、命令、 警告或征询意见警告或征询意见. * will 可表示意愿、常出现的动作、在疑问句可表示意愿、常出现的动作、在疑问句 中表示请求和建议中表示请求和建议.* 均可表示将来。均可表示将来。 过去时为过去时为 should, would.3.52 shall用在主语是第一和第三人称的疑问句
40、中表示用在主语是第一和第三人称的疑问句中表示征求对方的允诺；征求对方的允诺；Shall I open the window?Shall he come in or wait outside?will用在主语是第二人称的疑问句中用在主语是第二人称的疑问句中,表示表示“请求请求”Would you pass the salt, please?Will you please pass the salt?will用于主语是各人称的陈述句中用于主语是各人称的陈述句中,表示表示“意愿、倾意愿、倾向向”-The phone is ringing.- Ill get it.53“The interest _
41、be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.A. may B. should C. must D. shall5411. He _ be punished if he disobeys. 如果他不服从如果他不服从, 就要受到惩罚就要受到惩罚.12. We are not going to quarrel at all if you _ only let me speak. 只要你让我说话只要你让我说话, 我们根本就不会吵架我们根本就不会吵架.13.
42、-Sir, _ he go or stay? -Let him go. A. will B. shall C. might D. couldshallwillB 5514. The door _ open. 这门经常打不开这门经常打不开.15. Ronald _ stay in his small garden for a long time every day in the past. A. could B. might C. should D. would16. You _ have the book after I read it. 我看完以后一定把这本书给你我看完以后一定把这本书给你.
43、wontD shall564. 4. 情态动词短语的使用情态动词短语的使用: :would like to dowould rather dowould rather + sb.+ did sth.would prefer to do.had better do.宁愿宁愿57改错改错:1. Would you like having some tea?2. Id prefer going to the lecture this evening.3. Id rather you to go to the meeting.4. He would rather to die than to give
44、 in.5. Youd better to have your hair cut today.Would you like to have some tea?Id prefer to go to . you went to .He would rather die than give in.Youd better have .585.5.表示推测表示推测情态动词的重要用法情态动词的重要用法. .1. You must be Mr Smith-I was told to expect you here.2. He must have known what we wanted.3. We may
45、have read the same report.4. He cant have slept through all that noise.5. Theres someone outside-who can it be?6. What can they be doing?7. These pills might help to cure your disease.8. You could be right, I suppose.59表示推测表示推测情态动词的重要用法情态动词的重要用法. .肯定的推测肯定的推测可能的推测可能的推测否定的推测否定的推测疑问的推测疑问的推测must 对将来对将来
46、对现在对现在 对过去对过去情态动词情态动词may, mightcould cant, couldntcan, could + V. + V. + have done常见常见must be + be doing + V. + V. + have done + be doing 可以用可以用not表示表示“可能不可能不” +V. + V. + have done + be doing+ V. + V. + have done + be doing60情态动词情态动词must，can，could，may，might都可都可用来表示推测用来表示推测 1. must所表示的可能性最大，最有把握，意所表示
47、的可能性最大，最有把握，意为为“一定一定”。2. can和和could主要用于否定句和疑问句中主要用于否定句和疑问句中 ，cant或或couldnt 表示表示“不可能不可能”3. may 和和 might表示现在或将来可能发生的动作表示现在或将来可能发生的动作或情况，主要用于肯定句中，或情况，主要用于肯定句中，might相对于相对于may 来说，表示的可能性更小一些。来说，表示的可能性更小一些。注意：注意：1). 表示猜测，表示猜测，can/could一般不用于肯定一般不用于肯定句中，除非是句中，除非是“经验之谈经验之谈”。 如：如：Anybody can make mistakes 61如：
48、如：(正正) Can Could it be cloudy tomorrow ？(误误) May Might it be cloudy tomorrow ？1. Mary _ be in Paris， ，for I saw her in the town only a few minutes ago A mustnt B cant C shouldnt D may not2. Peter come with us tonight， ，but he isnt very sure yet A must B may C can D will 2)may和和might都不用于疑问句中。都不用于疑问句中
49、。 623. Are you coming to Jeffs party Im not sure I go to the concert instead A must B would C should D might 4. It _ last night， ，for the ground was wet this morning A must have rained B may have rained C must rain D might rain 63should也可以用来表示也可以用来表示“推测推测”，意为，意为“可能；该可能；该”, 相当于相当于be expected to。往往。往往
50、指具有一定的客观根据或根据推理对现在指具有一定的客观根据或根据推理对现在某事发生的某事发生的“可能性可能性”进行描述，语气上进行描述，语气上不如不如must强。强。1. Will Mr Wang offer us a hand? He _ be glad to He never refused our request A can B must C may D should 642. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12： ：00 A can B should C