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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 定语从句；定义；an exciting match: 形容词可以放在名词之前作定语,来修饰名词 the book in my hand: 介词短语可以放在名词之后作定语,来修饰名词；但假如修饰名词的定语不是某一个词或短语,而是一个句子时,我们就要 使用定语从句；定语从句通常跟在所要修饰的中心名词（先行词）之后,由关系代词或关 系副词引导；定语从句相当于形容词或者介词短语的作用；留意；1. 从句相当于整个句子的一个成分,因此,从句不能单独使用；She saw that he was sleeping. 宾语从句 I am reading the
2、article which is about your experience in the UK. 定 语从句 2. 先行词 定语从句所修饰的词叫“ 先行词” ,由于它总是处在定语从句的前头,比定 语从句先行一步；先行词通常为人、物或者是事情；experience in the e.g. I am reading the article that is about your UK. 3. 关系词 从意义上说：先行词定语从句的组成部分从结构上说：先行词不在从句中显现 引导定语从句,并取代先行词在从句中的成分 e.g. I am reading the article that is about
3、your experience in the UK. 关系词的功能：第 1 页,共 17 页1.关系词作主语（动作发出者）The trees are on the school campus. They have lost their leaves. The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves. 2. 关系词作宾语（动作接受者）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - We saw the student just now. He is the best runn
4、er in our school. The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school. 3. 关系词作表语 Jack used to be a lazy boy. He is no longer a lazy boy Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be. 4. 关系词作定语（通常为全部格）She has a brother. I cant remember his name. She has a brother whose name I cant r
5、emember. 5. 关系词作状语（时间状语、地点状语、缘由状语）The school is in Shenzhen. He studies in the school The school where he studies is in Shenzhen. 4. 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句；关系词；关系代词 relative pronouns who, whom, which, that, as, whose 等跟在先行词的后面,指代先行词,引出定语从句；在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语的作用；先 行词 人 事物 人+事物主语 who /that which that /
6、 that 宾语 whom / who /that which that / that 表语 that that that 定语 whose whose / which of / who的用法 先行词必需是人,作主语和宾语 e.g. The man who spoke at the meeting this morning is a famous lawyer. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The girl who you saw just now is Jane. 作宾语时,可用 whom, that 替换
7、 , 可以省略；whom的用法先行词必需是人,作宾语；通常可以省略 e.g. The girl whom / who / that you saw just now is Jane. which 的用法 先行词必需是事物,作主语和宾语 e.g. This is the book which / that was written in easy English by our English teacher. 作主语时,关系词不行省略；The pictures which / that he drew in the 1980s are on show. 作宾语时,关系词可以省略；留意 whom &
8、 which：whom & which 做介词宾语时,介词常可提前,即介词 +whom/which+从句,此时 whom & which 不能由 who或 that 代替,不能省略；e.g. This is the man from whom your son always begs money. The chair on which she is sitting is made of wood. 但当介词置于从句末尾时,whom可以由 who 或 that 代替,which 可由 that 代替,都能省略；e.g. This is the man whom / that / who your
9、 son always begs money from. 有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配,不行拆开, 一般仍是放在动词之后,不提前；He is the student who the teachers are looking for. The number of the children who she takes care of is 30. 动词短语是否可以拆分,关键看拆分后与拆分前的意思是否相同；假如意思不变,可以拆分,否就不行；that 的用法who 或第 3 页,共 17 页1that可作定语从句中的主语（取代who 或 which ）,宾语（取代whom或 which ）2 关系
10、代词作表语,必需使用that ,指代人或物,可以省略；e.g. My father is no longer the man that he was. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - My hometown is not the small town that it used to be twenty years ago. 3that 的特别用法必需使用 that 的情形；当先行词是人 +事物时；e.g.They talked about the teachers andschools that they had visited. Th
11、e police had great trouble in diverting the men and the carsthat had blocked the way. 当先行词跟在系动词 be 后作表语,或关系词本身作定语从句的表语时,关系代词必需用 that ,但也可以省略e.g.My father is no longer the man that he was. He thought his daughter would be the dancer that she always wanted to be. It s a book that will help you a great
12、 deal. 当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词如 the first, the last 等词修饰时；e.g. This is the best film that I have ever seen. This is the first choice that I have made. She is the most careful girl that I have ever known. This is the last letter that I received from him. 当先行词前面有 the only, the very, one of, any, no, every, fe
13、w, little 等词修饰时；e.g. The only person that seems to know the truth is Doctor Brown. Any person that wants to succeed must work hard. There is no difficulty that we can not overcome. I have read all the books that can be borrowed here. 当 先 行 词 本 身 为 不 定 代 词 如 anything, something, nothing, everything,
14、all, much, few, little, none, the one 时；e.g.All that I want is peace and stability. There is little that I can do. There is nothing that I can tell you. I have tried everything that I can think of. I do not mean this one. I mean the one that was bought yesterday. 留意： anybody, nobody, everybody 等不在此列
15、；不能使用 that 的情形；当定语从句前有介词时,关系代词不能用 that ；名师归纳总结 第 4 页,共 17 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - that 不能用于非限制性定于从句；当先行词为 one, ones, anyone, those, 指人时,用 who；e.g.Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed. 当先行词是 he 时,用 who； 多谚语 e.g.He who plays with fire gets burnt. He
16、 who laughs at last laughs best. 当先行词本身是 that 时,用 which 或 who 防止重复不能用于非限制性定 于从句；e.g.What s that which flashed in the sky just now. whose 的用法 whose 作定语从句中的定语,表示所修饰的 “ 某（些）人的” 或“ 某物的”；e.g.The boy whose name is Tom is the top student in my class. Look at the house whose roof is red. 留意：当 whose 指代物时, wh
17、ose+从句结构 = of which+ 从句 =of which the +从句 e.g. Look at the house whose roof is red. Look at the house, the roof of which is red. Look at the house, of which the roof is red. as 的用法 1as 用于限制性定语从句 so as；such as；the same as；2as 用于非限制性定语从句；代表所修饰的句子,作用相当于 which ,但比 which 多一层“ 正如” 的意思；e.g.She is very care
18、ful, as = which her work shows. It is like a snake, as = which anybody can see. 但要留意,当 as 从句置于句首时,as 不能由 which 取代；e.g. As he had hoped, he saw the play. 3as 的习惯用语as we all know 众所周知 as is well-known 众所周知 as has been said before 如上所述as we had expected 正如人们所预料的那样名师归纳总结 第 5 页,共 17 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料
19、- - - - - - - - - as anybody can see as often happens 正如人人都看到的那样 正如常常发生的那样关系副词 relative adverbs when, where, why 等跟在先行词的后面,指代先行词,引出定语从句分别 表示时间、地点和缘由；在从句中充当状语的作用；1when 在定语从句中作时间状语 when代替 at / in / on / during/since which 等,在定语从句中作时间状语；2where 在定语从句中作地点状语 where 代替 at / in / to which等,在定语从句中作地点状语；3why 在
20、定语从句中作缘由状语for which取代,充当缘由状语；why 引导从句作reason 的定语,可以用留意： 当先行词为某个时间/ 地点 /reason时, 关系词的挑选要依据关系词在从句中的功能；限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 形式上限制性定语从句前没有“ ,”that 非限制性定语从句前有“ ,”关系词 限制性定语从句中,关系词作宾语时可以省略,可以使用非限制性定语从句中,关系词不行省略,不用that 意义上限制性定语从句假如删除,主句意义不完整；翻译成“ 的”非限制性定语从
21、句只对先行词补充说明,删除后,主句仍旧能够表达清晰e.g. Her brother who/that is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. 她那当兵的哥哥总是勉励她上高校；Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college. 她哥哥总是勉励她上高校,她哥哥是当兵的；其他考点关系词的省略只有关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略 The young man who you saw was our manager. There is s
22、omething that we must keep in mind. 在表示方式的“the way ” 之后的定语从句有三种引导方式 I don t like the way you answered my question. I don t like the way that you answered my question. I don t like the way in which you answered my question. 定语从句中主谓一样的问题 Mr. Smith, who _ now downstairs, _ asking to see you. Mr. Smiths
23、, who _ now downstairs, _ asking to see you. Jeff is one of the students who _ punished. Jeff is the only one of the students who _ punished. I, who _ a senior high student, should learn hard Keys：is,is;are,are;are;is;am. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - that 使用时候显现的冲突 1. The
24、 very chair on _ she is sitting is made of plastics. 2. My sister is a nurse, _I am not. Keys:which;who. 请找出以下各句中的错误并加以改正； 1. This is the factory where we visited last week. 2. This is the watch for which Tom is looking. 3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two. 4. The house in that
25、we live is very small. 5. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow. ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library. 6. I 7. This is the best film which I have ever seen. 8. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in th
26、e country. 9. Everything which we saw was of great interest. 10. His dog, that was now very old, became ill and died. 11. The reason which he didnt go to school is that he was ill. 12. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands. 13. The boy, his mother died last year, studies very hard. 14. I h
27、ave two sisters, both of them are doctors. 15. We re going to visit the school where your brother works there. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 16. He is the only one of the students who have been invited to the English Evening. 17. That is the way which they work. 18. Those
28、have questions can ask the teachers for advice. 19. Who is the man who has white hairs. 20. I will never forget the days which we had a good time together at the sea. 答案与部分解析 : 1. wherethat/which 或去掉 where； 2. 把 for 放在 looking 之后；英语中 , 有些短语动词 , 介词或副词不行与动词相分别；又如 :look after, run into 等； 3. whowhom；尽管
29、在口语中 who, whom都能作宾语 , 但在介词后只能用whom； 4. thatwhich ； 5. thatwhich ；that 不行以引导非限制性定语从句； 6. which that 或去掉 which ；当先行词被 all, every, no,some, any, little 等修饰时 , 常用 that 引导定语从句； 7. whichthat 或去掉 which ；当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the only,the very 等所修饰时 , 常用 that 引导定语从句； 8. whothat ；假如先行词既指人又指物时 , 常用 that 引导定语从句； 9.
30、 whichthat 或去掉 which ；当先行词为 something, anything,everything, nothing, all 等时 , 常由 that 引导定语从句； 10. thatwhich ； 11. whichwhy/which 前加 for 或去掉 which ； 12. wantswant ；定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词一样； 13. hiswhose； 14. themwhom或 both 前加 and； 15. 去掉 there ； 16. havehas；当 one of+ 名词复数作先行词时 , 从句的谓语用复数 ; 但是当 one 前有 the o
31、nly 时, 从句谓语要用单数； 17. whichthat/which 前加 in 或去掉 which ； 18. Those 后加 who； 19. 其次个 whothat ；当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的疑问句时 , 定语从句常用 that 引导 , 以防止重复； 20. whichwhen或 which 前加 in ；挑选题名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1This is the best factory _we visited last year . A. where B. which C.
32、 in which D. that 2.Is this the factory _computers are built . A. that B. which C. in which D. in that 3.please pass me the dictionary _cover is red . A. whose B.its C. which D. which of 4.The man _has arrived . A. whom I told you B. that I told you C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about 5
33、. Do you know the comrade _we are talking . A. to whom B. to who C. whom D. to that 6. They visited the house _the great writer was born . A. from where B. in which C. which D. in where 7. The comrade _is speaking at the meeting is my teacher . A. whom B. which C. who D. whose 8. He asked us to watc
34、h carefully everything _he did in class . A. who B. that C. what D. where 9. Ill visit the professor tomorrow ,_he will be back from Shanghai . A. who B. that C. when D. which 10.The school _I study is a new one . A. on which B. at where C. on that D. at which 11. China has many islands,_the largest
35、 is Taiwan . A. in which B. at which C. which D. of which 12. The city _my mother grew up is not far from here . A. what b. where C. that D. which 13. Our teacher lives in the house _door facts to the north . A. which B. his C. that D. whose 14. Do you know the man _your father nodded . A. whom B. t
36、o whom C. to who D. about whom 15.Wresting is a sport in _people easily get hurt . A. that B. when C. which D. what 16. I told you _I know . A. all that B. all which C. all what D. all whom 17.China has a lot of famous writers ,one _is Lu Xun . A. of which B. of whom C. of who D. of them 18. Is this
37、 factory _we visited last year . 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. in which B. around that C. whom D. the one 19. Who is the man _was there . A. who B. which C. that D. whom 20. Is there anything _I can do for you, sir . A. that B. which C. whose D. who 21. I still remembe
38、r the day _she first wore that green dress . A. which B. in which C. on that D. on which 22. The knife _we used to cut the bread is very sharp . A. with which B. with it C. with that D. which 23. The games _the young men competed in were difficult . A. in which B. which C. it D. who Key: 1-5DCCDA 6-
39、10 BCBCD 11-15 DBDBC 16-20 ABDCA 21- 23 DAB 定语从句练习1、The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp. A which Bwith Cwith it Dwith which 2、The brave man, the tiger was shot, is a good hunter. A of whom Bby that Cby whom Dby which 3、The clever boy made a hole in the wall, he could see what it was goi
40、ng on inside the house. A on which Bat which Cthrough which D in which 4、The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers. A in which Bworn by Cthrough which D on which 5、During the days , he worked as a servant at the Browns. A that followed Bto follow C following
41、Dfollowed 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 6、You may take anything useful . A which you want Byou want them C what you want Dyou want 7、My hometown is no longer the same it used to be. A like Bthat Cas Dwhich 8、The old woman has two sons, one is a teacher. A of who Bof whom
42、Cof which Dof them 9、You can take any seat is free. A in which Bthat Cwhere Dwhich 10、Is there anything to you. A that belong Bwhich belongs C that belongs Dthat is belonged 11、We hope to get such a tool he is using. A where Bthat Cas Dwhich 12、Finally came the day he had to begin his study for the
43、next term. A till Bthat Csince Dwhich 13、She hasn t got enough money she buys the rings. A for which Bwith which Cthat Dwhich 14、I ve read all the books were borrowed from the library. A they Bwhich C/ Dthat 15、This is the best hotel in the city I know. A it Bwhere Cthat Dwhich 16、Is oxygen the only
44、 gas helps fire burn. A it Bwhich C/ Dthat 17、The Second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945. A on which Bwhere Cin that D during which 18、The train she was traveling was late Aon that Bfor which Con which Dwhich 19、Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long. A on which Bthat Cwhen Dwhere 20、I ll show you a store you may buy all you need. A that, that Bwhich, that C where, which D in which, / 21、I still remember the day she first wore tha