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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2022 年浙江新高考英语题型解读概要写作一、 2022 年浙江新高考考试说明英语写作样题其次节：概要写作（满分 25 分）阅读下面短文,依据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要； Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is no thing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on th
2、e skin was a means to block o ut disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up t he skin and let ills in. A particular danger was though to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1
3、5 46. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a frie ndly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman h ad taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman sho uld not go out. Though the beli
4、ef in the merit 好处 of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning awa y dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of pre venting disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cl
5、eanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter th an white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too f ar. Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervou
6、sly try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist 免疫学家 , encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter 后者 position is gaining some ground. （原创范文,
7、仅供参考）One possible version： People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. 要点 1 For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected peop le from getting ill. 要点 2 However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago.
8、 People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us health y. 要点 3 However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. 要点 4 【范文点拨】 一要点分析 1. 文章第一段就是本篇文章的主题句,亮明白总的观点：However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. 换句话说： Different people have d
9、ifferent attitudes towards dirt. 再结合下文谈到的主题可知Different people have different attitudes towards dirt on th名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - e skin. 范文中的要点1“People have mixed opinions tow ards dirt on our skin. ”概括特别精炼； 2 其次段主要谈到了在16 世纪,人们认为dirt on the skin was a means to block o
10、ut disease ,尤以英、法两国的贵族为代表；结合第三段第一句Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since 18 century. 可知,直到 18 世纪之前,人们都认为 dirt 是很 “友好的 ”,有助于预防疾病；范文中的要点 2 “ For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, bel
11、ieved that dirt protected people from getting ill. 很好地总结了这些要点；” 3. 第三段用 Though 引出人们对 dirt 观点的转变 “ since the 18th century. Scien tifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. 再结合本段最终一部分 Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea 可得出要点 3“However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt
12、 about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.” 4. 文章最终一段第一句指出,现在人们对于 dirt 的态度仍是有所不同,On the contrary 引出专家的观点,一位免疫学家认为dirt 有助于增强免疫系统；这一观点获得了一些支持；范文中的要点 4“ However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. 表达很恰切；二 要
13、点连接文章概要,在写完了要点之后,下一步的工作就是要把这些要点用适当的连接词进行连接,使上下句之间具有连贯性；本篇文章整篇结构是总分的结构,要点 2 和要点 3 在观点上截然相反,因此,之间需要表示转折的连接词,范文用了 However 恰到好处；要点 3 和要点 4 在观点上又存在不同,因此,仍是用表转折的连接词However ；不过小编认为,此处用 Nevertheless可以防止三句话内显现两次However ；三 关键词汇第一段： fixed 确定的；不变的 其次段： means 手段,方法 , block out 拦住 , open up 打开 , upon 之后；立刻 第三段： l
14、ong-lived 长期存在的 , sell the idea 说服某人接收某个观点 第四段： warn sb off 警告某人不要靠近 , position 观点 , gain some ground 取得优势 以上这些关键词对于整篇文章的懂得与转化成自己的语言都很关键,假如不能精确领悟其用意,语篇懂得的成效会大打折扣；所以,概要写作的基础是懂得语篇,而读懂语篇的基础是词汇,特殊是对关键词汇的把握与运用；在此基础上,综合运用语法与句法结构,依据行文规律组织语言,形成概要；二、题型解读1. 题型介绍 选材特点（1）所需阅读的短文词数在 350 以内；（2）所选材料体裁没有限制,以说明文、谈论文
15、和记叙文为主；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 评分参考阅卷时主要考虑以下内容：（1）对原文要点的懂得和出现情形；（2）应用语法结构和词汇的精确性；（3）上下文的连贯性；（4）对各要点表达的独立性情形；留意： 懂得精确,涵盖全部要求,完全使用自己的语言,精确使用相应的语法结构和词汇,得分相应比较高；相反,假如概要写作部分显现两句以上整句抄自原文现象,得分档次将 会大大降低；所写内容与所供应内容无关不得分；2 考查才能概要写作,简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括,写出文章的中心大意,也可称之为摘 要；写概要时,读者要是把
16、文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来,而不 是抄袭文章的原句,更不是把细节性信息作为中心,而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和 句子进行合理转换,对文章的具体信息进行概括,再用合适的语言表述出来；这一题型主 要考查同学对文章主旨大意的概括和精确猎取关键词的才能,同时考查同学用简洁的语言 概括文章重要信息的才能以及对文章整体结构的把握才能；因此,概要写作是基于阅读理 解和书面表达,是二者的有机结合体,是阅读懂得和书面表达的沟通桥梁；3 写作步骤1）细读原文；第一要认真阅读短文,把握文章主旨和结构,明确各段的大意；2）弄清要求；新高考的概要写作是写全文概要,不是写某一部分的概要,或者就某些
17、问题 写出要点；3）列出原文要点；分析原文的内容和结构,将内容分项扼要表述并留意在结构上的次序；在此基础上选出与文章主题亲密相关的部分；4）在写作时要特殊留意下面几点：（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实,略去不必要的细节；（2）支配好篇幅的比例,概要应同原文保持和谐,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的 文字写次要内容；（3）留意要点之间的连接,要用适当的关联词语贯穿全文,切忌只简洁地写出一些互不相 干的句子,但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语,以免显得生硬；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （4）不排斥用原文的某些词句,但
18、不要照搬原文的句子,假如不能完全用自己的话语表达,至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换,假如结构上也能有一些转换会更好；（5）运算词数,看是否符合规定的词数要求；4. 备考建议概要写作,其实我们考生并不生疏,在日常的英语教学中,老师常常让同学就所学英语 课文逐段概括段落大意或者复述课文,这在肯定程度上都为概要写作打基础；除此之外,作为考生,仍要留意以下几点：（1）积存常见的同义短语和句型转换,把握并运用单词、短语和句型；“巧妇难为无米之 炊” ,即使有再好的写作技巧,假如没有相应的基础词汇和句法学问,也很难写出概要写作的上乘之作；因此,考生要在基础词汇和句法学问上下功夫,以不变应万变；（2） 进行适
19、度地专题练习；有方案地进行适度练习有利于考生快速把握概要写作的要点,找到概要写作的感觉,冲破对概要写作的不适感；平常可多关注往年的高考阅读文章,进 行结构分析和主旨概括训练；可按文体和题材,分类训练篇章结构的布局,增强对文章上 下文连贯性的把握；概要写作第一要把握各种文体的写作特点和框架；如：记叙文： what / who / when / where / why / how 谈论文： opinion / idea + argument supporting ideas / reasons 说明文： phenomenon / problem + reason + solution cause
20、and effect, introduction of an object how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or signi ficant 新闻： a focus on the first paragraph and the first and last sentences of the other paragraphs 综合以上分析可知,新高考更加重视考查考生高中阶段英语基本技能的把握情形,也注 意考查考生进入高等学校连续学习的潜能,目标是利用高考命题的导向功能推动新课程的 课堂教学改革
21、2022 年浙江新高考英语题型解读读后续写其次节：读后续写（满分 25 分）阅读下面短文,依据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事； A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day. As he w alked along Park Avenue near the First National Bank, he heard the sound of someone tr名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - ying to
22、start a car. He tried again and again but couldnt get the car moving. Arthur turned and looked inside at the face of a young man who looked worried. Arthur stopped and asked, “It looks like youve got a problem,” Arthur said.”t be too mu“I m afraid so. Im in a big hurry and I cant start my car.“Is th
23、ere something I can do to help.r asked. The young man looked at the two suit cases in the back seat and then said, “Thanks. If youre sure it wouldnch trouble, you could help me get these suitcases into a taxi.”“No trouble at all. Id be glad to help.” The young man got out and took one of the suitcas
24、es from the back seat. After placin g it on the ground, he turned to get the other one. Just as Arthur picked up the first suitc ase and started walking, he heard the long loud noise of an alarm. It was from the bank. There had been a robbery 抢劫 . Park Avenue had been quiet a moment before. Now the
25、air was filled with the sound of the alarm and the shouts of people running from all directions. Cars stopped and the pa“What happenessengers joined the crowd in front of the bank. People asked each other, d. ” But everyone had a different answer. Arthur, still carrying the suitcase, turned to look
26、at the bank and walked right into the young woman in front of him. She looked at the suitcase and then at him. Arthur was surprised. “Why is she looking at me like that.” He thought. “The suitcase. She thinks I the bank thief. ”m Arthur looked around at the crowd of people. He became frightened, and
27、 without anot her thought, he started to run. 留意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；2. 应使用 5 个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3. 续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好；4. 续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语；Paragraph 1:As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, “Stop, stop._ Paragraph 2:名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -
28、 - The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur._ 原创范文,仅供参考）One possible version：“Stop, stop.As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, And also at the moment, Arthur suddenly realized that the young man might be the bank robber. So Arthur didnt stop, but continued
29、to run until he saw a taxi. He stopped it, jumped in with the suitcase and said to the driver, “Go to the police station, please. The man shouting behind is the bank thief. The taxi raced away like the wind. The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur told the police what had happened
30、. Obviously, the police had already learned about the robbery. They opened the suitcase and there was a large sum of money inside, as Arthur had expected. Then the polic e asked Arthur to describe the young man and the other suitcase. Later, with the informa tion, the police caught the robber. The p
31、olice and the bank both thanked Arthur a lot. Words 153 Another possible version：As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, Thinkin“Stop, stop.g of the way the young man had behaved, he realized the young man might be the bank robber. So Arthur ran faster and stopped a taxi. The
32、moment he got into the taxi, he tol d the driver the man shouting behind was the bank thief and asked him to drive to the n earest police station. The driver followed what Arthur said and drove away. The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur thanked the driver and direct“Help. ly we
33、nt in. Just as Arthur was describing what had happened near the bank on the Park Avenue and reported the young man to the police, he heard a voice outside, p. ” To the surprise of Arthur, it was the young man. He had followed Arthur in another taxi. It turned out that the young man was innocent and
34、inside the suitcases were just some clothes. Arthur felt embarrassed but the policemen thanked him anyway.Words: 158 【范文点拨】原文所给关键词分类：地点： Park Avenue, the bank 人物： The young man, people, the bank thief 大事： suitcases, in the back seat, loud noise of an alarm, robbery, the shouts 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第
35、6 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 在续写时,除了留意原文给出的关键词,仍需要留意以下线索：1. Why did the young man look worried. 2. What happened. But everyone had a different answer. 3. Arthur became frightened and without another thought, he started to run. 二、题型解读 1. 题型介绍 选材特点（1）所需阅读的短文词数在 350 以内；（2）多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主,故事情
36、节有曲折、有起伏,但是,故事线索的规律性比较强； 评分参考 阅卷时主要考虑以下内容：（1）与所给短文及段落开头语的连接程度；（2）内容的丰富性和对所给关键词语的掩盖情形；（3）应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和精确性；（4）上下文的连贯性；留意：（1）所续写短文的词数应为150 左右（词数少于130 的,从总分中减去2 分）；（2）应使用 5 个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；（3）续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好；（4）续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语；2. 考查才能 读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合的考查形式,旨在考查同学的综合语言运用才能；与应用文不同,故事续写除了要求同
37、学把握丰富的词汇和句式外,仍留意同学的内容构思 和情节连接的才能；主要聚焦在以下四个方面：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 一是把握短文关键信息和语言特点的才能；同学需要明白给定短文的主要内容,清晰其 关键词和语言结构的使用情形,并通过续写短文表现出来；二是语言运用的精确性和丰富性；期望同学在词汇和语言结构的使用方面精确、恰当,能够依据内容需要使用较为高级的词汇和语言结构,阅卷老师会感觉这个同学很有水平；三是对语篇结构的把控才能；考查同学对上下文规律关系的把握情形,期望同学续写的 短文语句连贯、有序；四是制造性思维才
38、能；这是对同学续写短文内容得要求,期望同学续写的短文具有较丰 富的内容；该试题具有肯定的开放性,要求同学具体和生动地描述情形、态度和感情,符 合课程标准的要求和同学的才能水平（刘庆思,陈康,2022 ）；3. 续写特点读后续写,简言之,就是阅读完一篇仍未写完的文章之后,依据要求和提示把这篇文章 未写完部分补充完整,使之浑然一体；它一方面很好地考查考生对所学语言学问的实际运 用才能,而另一方面,它也培育同学的发散思维才能；依据考试说明该部分的规定,考生在续写文章时,要留意续写部分“与所给短文及段落开头语的连接程度” ,“ 内容的丰富性和对所标出关键词语的应用情形”,“应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和
39、精确性” 以及 “上下 文的连贯性 ”；依据这些规定,我们会发觉 读后续写 有如下特点：（1）读后续写不是随心所欲,是要在引导语（开头语）和提示词的帮忙下完成续写部分；如考试说明样题中规定“应使用 5 个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语（10 处） ” ；这 些关键词语类似于传统写作中的要点提示,如 人物、地点、大事,但是不同点在于这些关 键词语并不是全用；这样考生可依据自己的懂得有很大的自主权；另外,所续写部分不能 脱离各自段落的首句开头语,即：不能另起炉灶；这些开头语与传统写作中的开头语类似,在某种程度上引导你的思路向哪方面进展；（ 2）续写短文多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主,故
40、事情节有曲折、有起 伏,但是,故事线索的规律性比较强；这样考生能够依据提示词语,顺着原先文章的思路 续写文章,并适当发散；（ 3）读后续写要求读写并重；与阅读懂得题一样,读后续写同样需要对本篇文章精确理 解,这样所续写部分才不至于偏离主题,就这方面而言有点类似阅读懂得题中对文章后续 进展的推断,如“ Whatwould happen next. ” ；（ 4）所给文章的未完部分的思路和内容并不肯定是唯独的,考生可以依据自己对文章的 懂得,从而对文章的结尾有不同的诠释；如考试说明中读后续写的样题的结尾,考生可以懂得为这个年轻人是银行抢劫者,而Arthur 因此成为一个大英雄；考生也可以懂得为这个
41、年轻人不是一个银行抢劫者,结果产生了误会；4. 续写步骤（1）精读文章,确定文章线索；每篇文章都有各自特殊的写作思路,通过精读文章,找 到该篇文章的写作线索,如是以时间为线索仍是以空间为线索等,这样有利于考生“顺藤摸瓜（结尾） ”；（2）认真审题,明确续写要求；一般短文后面的“留意 ”都有对此次短文续写的具体要求,名师归纳总结 如字数限制、使用几处下划线关键词语、续写段落的首句提示,这样考生做到“心中有数 ” ；第 8 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （ 3）回扣原文,揣摩续写思路；依据文章后面的要求,再次快速回读短文,抓住文章的 思路
42、,结合段首的提示语,最终确定续写段落的思路,同时结合文章划线词语提示,确定 续写段落的内容；（ 4）拟写草稿,修改错词病句；在确定了思路和内容之后,最关键的就是结合提示语或 者文中划线的关键词拟写草稿；拟写时,留意句子结构的多样性,语言的丰富性,并通过 句与句之间连接词的正确使用,使上下文连贯；（ 5）标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语；这一点可以帮忙考生自“字迹工整、己检查关键词的使用情形并依据情形做出修改；最终在誊写文字时,务必做到 清晰 ”；5. 备考建议 面对读后续写这一新写作题型,在明白了其特点和写作技巧之后,考生只要加以适度练 习,对此新题型可以做到得心应手； 1.
43、 充分利用记叙文故事类的阅读懂得或者完形填空；考生在做此类文章的试题时,读到 适当的位置,可以短暂停止,依据已读部分文章的脉络,对文章进行发散思维,设想可能 的几种结尾,最终对比原文的结尾,看自己的设想是否与原文一样； 2. 常常实施微型化训练,也就是对所读文章的某一段落进行设想；依据某一段落的首句 提示,结合文章的上文对该段进行合理设想,具体推断该段可能要叙述的内容； 3. 与传统写作类似,续写文章更加要留意句与句之间的连接词,甚至是冠词的示意作用；如考试说明的样题中续写部分的其次段“ the Police Station 中的 “ the ”说明在上一段中 已经提到,同时后面的 and 说明前后之间是并列关系； 4. 进行适度专题化练习；俗语说,熟能生巧；对于读后续写这一新题型也是如此；通过 适度地练习,可以进一步熟知该种题型的特色,更好地把握该种题型的写作技巧,更有效 地调动传统写作的基础学问,从而写出一篇美丽的续写短文；需要留意的是,后续写补全 的是语篇,而非单词或短语； 5. 在平常的教学中,老师要帮忙同学释放制造力和想象力,激发表达动机；综合以上分析可知,新高考更加重视考查考生高中阶段英语基本技能的把握情形,也注 意考查考生进入高等学校连续学习的潜能,目标是利用高考命题的导向功能推动新课程的 课堂教学改革；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 9 页