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1、毕业论 文材料：英文文 献及译文课 题 名 称：电子商务环境下XX公司供应链管理研究专业电 子 商 务学 生 姓 名王勇班级 B 电商 081 学号 0810409116 指 导 教 师杨斌专 业系 主 任张登兵完 成 日 期二零一二年三月名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - IIMB Management ReviewVolume 23, Issue 4, December 2011, Pages 234 245
2、Sustainable supply chain management: Review and research opportunities Sudheer Gupta Omkar D. Palsule-Desai Abstract Anthropogenic emissions likely pose serious threat to the stability of our environment; immediate actions are required to change the way the earth s resources are consumed. Among the
3、many approaches to mitigation of environmental deterioration being considered, the processes for designing, sourcing, producing and distributing products in global markets play a central role. Considerable research effort is being devoted to understanding how organisational initiatives and governmen
4、t policies can be structured to facilitate incorporation of sustainability into design and management of entire supply chain. In this paper, we review the current state of academic research in sustainable supply chain management, and provide a discussion of future direction and research opportunitie
5、s in this field. We develop an integrative framework summarising the existing literature under four broad categories: (i) strategic considerations; (ii) decisions at functional interfaces; (iii) regulation and government policies; and (iv) integrative models and decision support tools. We aim to pro
6、vide managers and industry practitioners with a nuanced understanding of issues and trade-offs involved in making decisions related to sustainable supply chain management. We conclude the paper by 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 39 页 - - - - - -
7、- - - discussing environmental initiatives in India and the relevance of sustainability discussions in the context of the Indian economy. Keywords Sustainable supply chain management; Green supply chains; Closed-loop supply chains; Sustainability; Extended producer responsibility; Emissions trading
8、Introduction A broad consensus has by now emerged that anthropogenic emissions pose serious threat to the stability of our environment, and that the resulting changes will affect our ecosystem by disrupting food and water supplies, submerging coastal wetlands, and causing severe weather patterns and
9、 species extinction. The global average temperature has been rising since the early 1900s, and has risen by more than 0.5 C in the last 50 years alone, with an accompanying rise in global average sea levels and drop in Northern Hemisphere snow cover (IPCC, 2007a). Decades of careful data collection,
10、 analysis and projections by groups of scientists and researchers around the world have confirmed that the world faces severe changes with an expected 24 C rise in global average temperature by the year 2100: 30 40% of the species could be extinct, close to a third of global coastal wetlands are in
11、danger of being submerged, millions of people will likely face food and water shortages, and 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - many densely populated areas of the world, including many parts of Asia, will face higher rates of
12、 morbidity and mortality from heat waves, floods and droughts (IPCC, 2007b). A large part of the blame has been attributed to the six greenhouse gases (GHGs) that are known to trap heat into the earths atmosphere and contribute to a rise i n global temperature: primary ones being carbon dioxide, met
13、hane, and nitrous oxide. As measurements have shown, concentrations of GHGs in the earths atmosphere have been relatively stable over the last 10,000 years (at between 250 and 300 parts per million). However, in the last 150 years or so since the beginning of industrial revolution concentrations of
14、carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have shot up by more than 30% (from less than 300 ppm to close to 400 ppm), and concentrations of methane have almost doubled (IPCC, 2007a). Several large scale model projections have shown that a business-as-usual scenario, with no changes in our production methods
15、and consumption habits, will lead to an imbalance in the ecosystem and damage the stability of our environment. There is an obvious need for urgent action to change the way we consume the earth s resources. Among the many approaches to mitigation and adaptation being considered, the processes for de
16、signing, sourcing, producing and distributing products in global markets play a central role, as these activities account for a bulk of the resources consumed and the environmental impact. For example, in the United States, industrial activities account for about a third of fossil fuel related carbo
17、n dioxide emissions; another 40% are accounted for by transportation (EPA, 2007). Evidently, design and management of supply chain activities is a primary factor in promoting environmental sustainability. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 39 页 - -
18、- - - - - - - In this paper, we review the current state of academic research in designing and managing sustainable supply chains, and provide a discussion of future directions and research opportunities in this rapidly evolving field. In Section 2, we provide a definition and description of Sustain
19、able Supply Chain Management. In Section 3, we summarise and discuss existing classifications and reviews of research in this field, and describe how our perspective differs from those in the literature. Section 4 presents the bulk of recent research in this area that fits our integrative perspectiv
20、e, summarised under four broad categories: (i) Strategic considerations; (ii) Decisions at functional interfaces; (iii) Regulation and government policies; and (iv) Integrative models and decision support tools. We conclude in Section 5 with a discussion of some environmental initiatives in India an
21、d the relevance of sustainability discussions in the context of the Indian economy. Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) We define Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) as a set of managerial practices that include all of the following: Environmental impact as an imperative; Consideration
22、 of all stages across the entire value chain for each product; and A multi-disciplinary perspective, encompassing the entire product life-cycle.This definition implies a few broad themes in our perspective on environmental sustainability. First, firms must view environmental impact of their activiti
23、es as an integral part of decision-making, rather than as a constraint imposed by government regulation or social pressure, or as a fad to exploit by appearing to be “green ”. Second, firms must pay attention to environmental impact across the entire value chain, including those of suppliers, distri
24、butors, partners and customers. Third, firms view of sustainability must transcend a narrow functional 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - perspective and encompass a broader view that integrates issues, problems and solutions
25、across functional boundaries. In keeping with this definition, our review of the literature on SSCM adopts a firm perspective, rather than societal or policy- makers perspect ive, and focuses on organisational decisions related to the entire product life-cycle that involves design, production, distr
26、ibution, consumer use, post-use recovery and reuse. We do not limit ourselves to literature in any one academic discipline; rather, we focus on interactions across functional areas including corporate strategy, product design, production and inventory management, marketing and distribution, and, reg
27、ulatory compliance. The paper is intended to provide managers and industry practitioners with a nuanced understanding of issues and trade-offs involved in making decisions related to SSCM. The paper is also intended to provide management researchers with a summary of the current state of the art in
28、SSCM research, and a roadmap for future research directions. SSCM research: reviews and classification Several excellent reviews have been written over the years that examine various aspects of SSCM-related research. While these reviews adopt different perspectives from ours, readers interested in e
29、xploring a particular aspect of SSCM would find them useful. For instance, many of the existing reviews explore the SSCM literature for implications of environmental concerns on firms individual functions involving activities such as product design, production planning, or inventory management. On t
30、he contrary, we examine the existing studies from a value-chain perspective, and discuss environmental concerns in managerial decisions across 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - functions. Moreover, most of the existing review
31、s cover literature that is, in some cases, over a decade old. Our review focuses on more recent research in this fast changing and growing field. Early research efforts in SSCM were largely devoted to understanding the technical and operational considerations inherent in collecting, testing, sorting
32、, and remanufacturing of returned products. Research in this domain can broadly be classified under the following headings: (i) Production planning, scheduling and control; (ii) Inventory management; and (iii) Reverse logistics. While research in these areas continues, given the availability of exce
33、llent reviews covering this domain, we will abstract from these issues in our review, and encourage the readers to consult the papers mentioned below. In an early review of the literature, Greenberg (1995) surveys the use of mathematical programming models for controlling environmental quality, focu
34、ssing on air, water, and land. The paper is limited to general equilibrium models with multiple decision making agents, where an equivalent mathematical program can be formulated to compute a fixed point. The review provides an annotated bibliography with more than 300 papers, and identifies many re
35、search avenues for studies using mathematical programming in addressing environmental concerns. Fleischmann et al. (1997) focus on quantitative models of reverse logistics, and subdivide the literature in three areas: distribution planning, inventory control, and production planning. For each of the
36、se areas, the authors discuss the implications of the product reuse efforts being explored at the time, review the mathematical models proposed in the literature, and point out the areas in need of further research. Carter and Ellram (1998) also focus on reverse logistics, but present a more holisti
37、c view that includes the reduction of materials in the 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - forward system in such a way that fewer materials flow back, reuse of materials is made possible, and recycling is facilitated. The pape
38、r develops a broadened view of the role of logistics personnel in reverse logistics, and identifies gaps where future research is needed. In particular, the authors identify important players and influencing factors (internal, external and environmental) involved in reverse logistics and provide a f
39、ramework to study these issues. Gungor and Gupta (1999) focus on environmentally conscious manufacturing and product recovery , described as integrating environmental thinking into new product development including design, material selection, manufacturing processes, product delivery to the consumer
40、s, and end-of-life management of the product. The authors review and categorise more than 300 papers based on four stages of product life-cycle analysis: product design, manufacturing, use, and recovery. The paper argues that two key issues involved in environmentally conscious manufacturing are: (i
41、) understanding the life -cycle of the product and its impact on the environment at each of its life stages, and (ii) making better decisions during product design and manufacturing so that the environmental attributes of the product and manufacturing process are kept at a desired level. Consistent
42、with bulk of the research efforts a t the time, the review focuses on the product recovery process (divided into recycling and remanufacturing), and provides an analysis of issues relevant in collection, disassembly, inventory control and production planning of used products. Similar issues are tack
43、led in Guide and van Wassenhove (2002) and Guide, Jayaraman, and Srivastava (1999). In a departure from the narrower focus of articles summarised above, Kleindorfer, Singhal, and van Wassenhove (2005) review various sustainability themes covered in the first 50 issues of Production and Operations Ma
44、nagement journal. The authors use the term sustainability 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - broadly to include environmental management, closed-loop supply chains, and triple-bottom-line thinking that integrates profit, peopl
45、e and the planet into the culture, strategy and operations of companies. The authors suggest that businesses are under an increasing pressure to pay more attention to the environmental and resource consequences of the products and services they offer and the processes they deploy. In turn, operation
46、s management (OM) researchers and practitioners face new challenges in integrating sustainability issues within their traditional areas of interest. The paper concludes with some thoughts on future research challenges in sustainable operations management, highlighting three areas green product and p
47、rocess development, lean-and-green OM, and, remanufacturing and closed-loop supply chains that integrate essential aspects of sustainable OM. “Closed loop supply chain management” (CLSC) can be defined as the design, control, and operation of a system to maximise value creation over the life-cycle o
48、f a product, with dynamic recovery of value from different types and volumes of returns over time (Guide & van Wassenhove, 2006). This perspective has gained increasing attention among researchers in the last decade. Guide and van Wassenhove (2009) focus on business aspects of closed-loop supply cha
49、in research and provide a personal perspective on value-added recovery activities, but do not review the existing literature. The authors summarise evolution of CLSC research through five phases, which is useful in understanding the evolution of a subset of research activities within SSCM. The paper
50、 claims that Phase 1 consisted of early research that focused almost exclusively on technical problems and individual activities of reverse logistics. Phase 2 has expanded research problems to include inventory control, reverse logistics networks, and 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -