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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载新托福听力场景- 地球环境学科解题技巧详解在之前的文章中,有为考生们讲解过地理地质学的内容,在本篇,我们进一步来讨论一下地球环境学科；前者往往和化学以及考古学有所交叉,后者的内容更接近我们的实际生活或认知,比如环境变化；当然也会涉及到很多场景词汇,广大考生在备考过程中仍是要认真复习备考；下面将带领大家详细看一下地球环境学类的听力段子应当如何应对；一、概述这一学科要求考生们要关注一些时事,并且扩大自己学问面,开拓视野,可以和地理地质学科一起关注；大气环境,例如赤道无风带,大气环流,全球气候变化；地面环境,例如风能,地下水的讨论与
2、爱护；海洋环境,例如海底热液,潮汐能；其他话题,可能和天文学,生物学,地理地质学等产生交叉；在此,考生最好能积存背景学问,多浏览一些原汁原味的报刊杂志,比如 Scientific Americans 、National Geographical 等等,多积存相关词汇,熟识发音；当然,刚才也提到了,新托福听力段子所涉及的话题往往千变万化且有所交叉,考生在熟识背景学问的同时也要打牢基础,培育快速辨音才能和短时记忆才能,才能以不变应万变；二、案例分析请看一个地球环境学的经典案例：E.G.TPO17 Milankovitch Hypothesis 听力原文：1 Ok, so we have been
3、talking about theories that deal with the effects of human activity on the climate. But today Id like to talka little bit about other theories that canexplain variations in climate. And one of the best-known is called the Milankovitch Hypothesis Q:What is the lecture mainly about. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - -
4、 -第 1 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载s motions affect AA hypothesis that explains how changes in Earthclimate. BA hypothesis that explains why the shape of earths orbit varies over time. CReasons it is difficult to find evidence to support hypotheses about the climate. DAnalyses of the accu
5、racy of data collected in different ways. 分析：这是一道简洁的主旨题；我们之前说过,新托福听力段子一般会在前几句显现主旨,所 以考生肯定要留意前几句的内容；录音文本中的划线部分为重点；只要抓住了 variations in climate,就可以轻松选出 A；在记笔记时,重点标出“climate 变” 即可；2Now, when Milankovitch first proposed this theory in the 1920s, many of his colleagues were skeptical. Milankovitch didnt h
6、ave any proof. Actually there wouldn t be any evidence to support his hypothesis until the 1970s, when oceanographers were able to drill deep into the seafloor and collect samples, samples which were then analyzed by geologists.and this showed that earths climate had changed pretty much the wayMilan
7、kovitchs hypothesis suggested it would.So this evidence was pretty strong supportfor the Milankovitch Hypothesis.And by the 1980s, most people accepted this theory. 名师归纳总结 However, in the late 1980s, some scientists were exploring DevilsHole Well, 第 2 页,共 4 页the Devil s Hole findings contradictedthe
8、 ones obtained during the 1970s, so basically the question was, were the ages of one or both the samples were wrong, - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载or were scientists misunderstanding the significance of the evidence. Q:What is the significance of the evidence found on the ocean floo
9、r. AIt negated earlier evidence that Milankovitch found. BIt led the development of new methods to measure global climate changes. CIt helped Milankovitch first formulate his hypothesis. DIt confirmed Milankovitchs hypothesis. 分析：解这道题的关键在于ocean floor；原文中提到pretty strong support ,所以应当是支持性的,选D；考生留意,只要显
10、现不同理论,肯定要搞清晰理论列出来的目的,即它所支持的内容是什么；16. What did calcite deposits from Devils Hole reveal. AInaccurate information about long-term climate changes. BEvidence that contradicted Milankovitchs hypothesis. CEvidence that climate changes occur only locally. DVariations in Earths orbit that had little impact
11、 on climate. 分析：这道题有意绕了个弯子；我们前面提到, 米兰科维奇假说在 70 岁月被证明, 在此前是没 有证据的 ; 下文又说 80 岁月时在魔窟里发觉的方解石样本又与 70 岁月 sea floor 中发觉的样本相冲突,因此可以得出结论：魔窟里的发觉是不支持米兰科维奇假 说的,所以选 B；背景学问：米兰科维奇假说认为地球运动的变化,特殊是绕太阳轨道的变化,这些变化会导致太阳 到达地球能量的不同；并且正是这些从太阳到达地球能量的不同导致了地球气候的变化；三、考点追踪名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学
12、习必备 欢迎下载地球环境的听力段子难度不会太大,主要考察以下几点：主旨靠前考生肯定要竖起耳朵认真听前几句；上下文规律关系这不仅要看规律信号词,仍得留心段与段之间的关系,体会一下是支持仍是反对；假如有不同理论或讨论调查的显现,要搞清每个支持什么观点；表示判定的词比如这里显现的support和 contradict；分类次序词理论中可能会涉及到很多因素,记笔记时要分条列点,留意条理性,这也能加快找答案的速度；地球环境学的听力段子在新托福听力中屡见不鲜,官方指南中也有相关的题目,考生可以去练习；其实,熟识话题对考生来说作用有两个：巩固场景词汇和心理适应；在做题的过程中积存词汇,同时适应这方面的内容,在考试中遇到就不会那么慌乱；在此提示大家,知彼知己,百战不殆,要想胜利,肯定要做足各个场景的功课；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页