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当你进入国外的实验室之前,如果不能熟练掌握实验过程中相关物品的英文名称及读音,你与同处一室的技术人员之间必将产生强烈的交流障碍,实验效率也将因此大打折扣。这里我汇总了数篇文章的相关内容,并结合自己实验室的情况,补充了大量词汇,希望对即将出国留学的生物学科研人员有所帮助。欢迎大家补充指正。
一.容器与耗材(vessel & consumable material)
小瓶 ,vial
量杯, measuring cup
烧杯, beaker
量筒 ,measuring flask
量筒,measuring cylinderer
坩埚, crucible
坩埚钳, crucible clamp
试管 ,test tube
漏斗, funnel
比色皿,cuvette
鱼缸,aquarium
烧瓶 ,flask
锥形瓶, conical flask
塞子, stopper/plug
洗瓶, plastic wash bottle
玻璃活塞, stopcock
试剂瓶, reagent bottles
玻棒, glass rod
搅拌棒,stirring rod
容量瓶, volumetric flask/measuring flask
移液管, (one-mark) pipette
吸液管,pipette
滤器 ,filter
滤纸, filter paper
培养皿, culture dish
移液枪, pipette
移液枪枪头, pipette tips
剃刀刀片,razor blade
手术刀,scalpel
垃圾袋,disposable bag
垃圾桶,garbage bin
橡皮筋, rubber band
托盘,Tray
铝箔,aluminium foil
洗耳球 ,rubber suction bulb
保鲜膜,preservative film
研磨钵, mortar
研杵,pestle
小滴管, dropper
蒸馏装置,distilling apparatus
桶, bucket
广口瓶, wide-mouth bottle
离心机转子, rotor
试管架 ,test tube holder/rack
酒精灯,alcohol burner
酒精喷灯,blast alcohol burner
搅拌装置, stirring device
石蜡封口膜,Parafilm
微量离心管(EP管),Eppendorf tube
载玻片,Slide
盖玻片,Cover glass
离心管,Centrifuge tube
电泳槽,Gel tank
电线,Electrical leads
牙签,Toothpick
螺丝钉,Screw
锁紧螺母,Nut, Cap nut
复印纸,Copy paper
复写纸,Carbon paper
钉,Nail
试管刷,test-tube brush
计时器,Timer
闹钟,Alarm clock
U形钉,Staple
衣服挂钩,Coat hanger
电泳用的梳子,Comb
扳手,Shifting spanner
订书机,Stapler
订书钉,staple
圆珠笔芯,Refill
灯泡,Globe
记号笔 ,marker pen
注射器 ,syringe
注射器活塞, plunger
铁架台,iron support
万能夹,extension clamp
止水夹,flatjaw pinchcock
圆形漏斗架,cast-iron ring
橡胶管,rubber tubing
药匙,lab spoon
镊子,forceps
剪刀,scissor
打孔器,stopper borer
pH试纸, universal ph indicator paper
称量纸,weighing paper
擦镜纸,wiper for lens
水银温度计,mercury-filled thermometer
真空泵,vacuum pump
水浴锅,water bath kettle
口罩,respirator
电极,electrode
阳极/正极,anode
阴极/负极,cathode
丢弃, discard
转移容器 ,decant
吸出 ,aspirate
吹吸 ,blowing and suction
离心收集, pellet
重悬 ,resuspend
絮状沉淀, flocculent precipitate
浑浊的, turbid
烘 ,bake
灭菌 ,sterilize
培养 ,foster
通风 ,ventilate
冷却 ,chill down
稀释, dilute
洗脱, elute
孵育, incubate
裂解物,Lysate
沉淀物,Sediment
上清, Supernatant
色谱,chromatograph
沉淀,precipitate
接种,inoculate
蒸馏,distil/distill
搅拌,Stir/agitate
中和,neutralize
漂洗,rinse
脱水,dehydrate
发酵,fermentation
溶解, dissolve
燃烧,combustion
水解,hydrolysis
过滤, filtrate
催化剂,catalyst
研磨 ,grind
破碎, crush
催化作用,catalysis
分解,dissolution
涡旋震荡,Vortex
电泳 ,Electrophoresis
抽滤,suction filtration
电转化,electrotransformation
收菌 ,harvest
切碎, chop/mince
灌注,perfusion
浆液,slurry
恒温循环仪,Thermostatic circulator
空调机,Air conditioner
pH计,pH meter
磁力搅拌器,magnetic stirrer
烘箱,oven
微波炉,microwave oven
电磁炉,electromagnetic oven
凝胶系统,Gel system
电子天平,Electronic balance
转接器,Adapter
离心机 ,centrifuge
封口设备,Sealing equipment
复印机,Duplicator, copying machine
超净工作台,super clean bench
通风橱, fume cupboard
药柜,Cupboard
电泳电源,Electrophoresis power supply
紫外灯,Ultraviolet illumination
真空泵,Vacuum pump
天平, balance/scale
分析天平, analytical balance
台秤, platform balance
涡旋振荡器,Vortexing machine
CO2培养箱,CO2 Incubators
电子显微镜,Electro Microscopy
电泳仪,Electrophoresis System
酶标仪,ELIASA
恒流泵,constant flow pump
解剖镜,anatomical lens
PCR仪,Instrument for Polymerase Chain Reaction
倒置显微镜,Inverted Microscope
核磁共振波谱仪,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer
光学显微镜,Optical Microscopy
摇床,Shaker
培养箱,incubator
超滤器,Ultrahigh Purity Filter
超低温冰箱,Ultra-low Temperature Freezer
超声破碎仪,Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor
紫外观察灯,Ultraviolet Lamp
紫外-可见光分光光度计,UV-Visible Spectrophotometer
计算器 ,calculator/numerator
丙氨酸,alanine (Ala, A)
缬氨酸,valine (Val, V)
亮氨酸,leucine (Leu, L)
异亮氨酸,isoleucine (Ile,I)
脯氨酸,proline (Pro, P)
苯丙氨酸,phenylalanine (Phe, F)
色氨酸,tryptophan (Trp, W)
蛋氨酸,methionine (Met, M)
甘氨酸,glycine (Gly, G)
丝氨酸,serine (Ser, S)
苏氨酸,threonine (Thr, T)
半胱氨酸,cysteine (Cys, C)
酪氨酸,tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
天冬氨酸,asparagines (Asn, N)
谷氨酰胺,glutamine (Gln, Q)
赖氨酸,lysine (Lys, K)
精氨酸,arginine (Arg, R)
组氨酸,histidine (His, H)
天冬氨酸,aspartic acid (Asp, D)
谷氨酸,glutamic acid (Glu, E)
腺苷,adenosine
鸟嘌呤核苷,guanosine
胞苷,cytidine
胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷,thymidine
尿嘧啶核苷,uridine
脱氧,deoxy-
二甲苯,Xylene
冰乙酸,Acetic acid glacial
硼酸,Boric acid (H3BO3,61.83)
氯化钙 ,Calcium chloride
巯基乙醇 ,mercaptoethanol
咪唑, Imidazole
盐酸胍,guanidine hydrochloride
无水乙醇,absolute ethanol
乙酸钠,Sodium acetate
氯化钠,Sodium chloride
生理盐水,physiological saline
洗涤剂,detergent
十二烷基磺酸钠,Sodium dodecyl sulphate
盐酸,hydrochloric acid
氢氧化钠,sodium hydrate/hydroxide
胰蛋白胨,Tryptone
酵母提取物,yeast extract
琼脂,Agar
两性霉素,amphotericin
氨苄,Ampicillin
肝素,heparin
卡那霉素 ,Kanamycin
醋酸钾,Potassium acetate
异丙醇,Isopropanol
醋酸铵,Ammonium acetate
异戊醇,Isoamyl alcohol
氯仿,Chloroform
甲醇 ,methanol
高锰酸钾,potassium hypermanganate
考马斯亮蓝 ,Coomassie brilliant blue
液氮,liquid nitrogen
次氯酸钠,clorox
苯酚,phenol
阴离子,anion
碱性 ,alkalinity
量杯 ,measuring cup
烧杯, beaker
不锈钢杯,stainless-steel beaker
量筒, measuring flask/measuring cylinder
量筒, graduated flask/measuring cylinder
坩埚 ,crucible
坩埚钳, crucible clamp
坩埚, crucible pot, melting pot
试管 ,test tube
试管架, test tube holder
漏斗 ,funnel
分液漏斗 ,separatory funnel
烧瓶 ,flask
锥形瓶, conical flask
塞子 ,stopper
洗瓶 ,plastic wash bottle
滴定管 ,burette
玻璃活塞 ,stopcock
冷凝器, condenser
试剂瓶, reagent bottles
玻棒 ,glass rod
搅拌棒,stirring rod
蒸馏烧瓶, distilling flask
碘量瓶, iodine flask
表面皿, watch glass
蒸发皿, evaporating dish
容量瓶, volumetric flask/measuring flask
移液管 ,(one-mark) pipette
刻度移液管, graduated pipettes
称量瓶,weighing bottle
吸液管,pipette
滤管,filter
天平 ,balance/scale
分析天平 ,analytical balance
台秤 ,platform balance
游码 ,crossbeams and sliding weights
酒精灯,alcohol burner
酒精喷灯,blast alcohol burner
搅拌装置, stirring device
洗耳球, rubber suction bulb
研磨钵 ,mortar
研磨棒, pestle
玛瑙研钵,agate mortar
瓷器 ,porcelain
白细口瓶,flint glass solution bottle with stopper
滴瓶 ,dropping bottle
小滴管 ,dropper
蒸馏装置,distilling apparatus
蒸发器 ,evaporator
试验用器材:
升降台,lab jack
铁架台,iron support
万能夹,extension clamp
蝴蝶夹,double-buret clamp
双顶丝,clamp regular holder
止水夹,flatjaw pinchcock
圆形漏斗架,cast-iron ring
移液管架,pipet rack
试管架,tube rack
沸石,boiling stone
橡胶管,rubber tubing
药匙,lab spoon
镊子,forceps
坩埚钳,crucible tong
剪刀,scissor
打孔器,stopper borer
石棉网,asbestos-free wire gauze
电炉丝,wire coil for heater
脱脂棉,absorbent cottonph
ph试纸, universal ph indicator paper
滤纸, filter paper
称量纸,weighing paper
擦镜纸,wiper for lens
秒表,stopwatch
量杯,glass graduates with scale
白滴定管(酸), flint glass burette with glass stopcock
棕色滴定管(酸), brown glass burette with glass stopcock
白滴定管(碱), flint glass burette for alkali
棕色滴定管(碱), brown glass burette for alkali
比重瓶,specific gravity bottle
水银温度计,mercury-filled thermometer
ph计,ph meter
折光仪,refractometer
真空泵,vacuum pump
冷、热浴,bath
离心机,centrifuge
口罩,respirator
防毒面具,respirator、gasmask
磁力搅拌器,magnetic stirrer
电动搅拌器,power basic stirrer
烘箱,oven
闪点仪,flash point tester
马弗炉,furnace
电炉, heater
微波炉电热套,heating mantle
Bunsen burner, 本生灯
product, 化学反应产物
apparatus, 设备
PH indicator ,PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂
matrass ,卵形瓶
litmus, 石蕊
litmus paper, 石蕊试纸
burette, 滴定管
retort, 曲颈甑
still ,蒸馏釜
cupel, 烤钵
化学反应:
analysis, 分解
fractionation, 分馏
endothermic reaction ,吸热反应
exothermic reaction ,放热反应
precipitation ,沉淀
to precipitate ,沉淀
to distil, to distill, 蒸馏
distillation, 蒸馏
to calcine, 煅烧
to oxidize ,氧化
alkalinization, 碱化
to oxygenate, to oxidize ,脱氧,氧化
to neutralize, 中和
to hydrogenate, 氢化
to hydrate ,水合,水化
to dehydrate, 脱水
fermentation, 发酵
solution ,溶解
combustion, 燃烧
fusion, melting, 熔解
alkalinity ,碱性
isomerism, isomery ,同分异物现象
hydrolysis ,水解
electrolysis ,电解
electrode, 电极
anode ,阳极,正极
cathode ,阴极,负极
catalyst ,催化剂
catalysis ,催化作用
oxidization/oxidation, 氧化
reducer, 还原剂
dissolution ,分解
synthesis ,合成
reversible ,可逆的
仪器中英文对照
Aging Property Tester, 老化性能测定仪
Amino Acid Analyzer ,氨基酸组成分析仪
Analyzer for Clinic Medicine Concentration ,临床药物浓度仪
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ,原子吸收光谱仪
Atomic Emission Spectrometer ,原子发射光谱仪
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy, 原子荧光光谱仪
Automatic Titrator ,自动滴定仪
Basic Physics ,基本物理量测定
Biochemical Analyzer, 生化分析仪
Biochemicalanalysis, 生物技术分析
Bio-reactor ,生物反应器
Blood-gas Analyzer ,血气分析仪
Centrifuge ,离心机
ChemiluminescenceApparatus ,化学发光仪
CHN Analysis ,环境成分分析仪
CO2 Incubators CO2,培养箱
Combustion PropertyTester ,燃烧性能测定仪
Conductivity Meter ,电导仪
Constant Temperature Circulator ,恒温循环泵
Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometer ,直流等离子体发射光谱仪
DNA Sequencers DNA,测序仪
DNA synthesizer DNA,合成仪
Electrical Property Tester ,电性能测定仪
Electro Microscopy, 电子显微镜
Electrolytic Analyzer ,电解质分析仪
Electron Energy Disperse Spectroscopy, 电子能谱仪
Electron Paramagnetic ResonanceSpectrometer ,电子顺磁共振波谱仪
Electrophoresis ,电泳
Electrophoresis System ,电泳仪
ELIASA ,酶标仪
Energy Disperse Spectroscopy ,能谱仪
Fermenter ,发酵罐
Flow Analytical and Process AnalyticalChemistry ,流动分析与过程分析
Fraction Collector ,部分收集器
FreezeDrying Equipment, 冻干机
FT-IR Spectrometer ,傅里叶变换红外光谱仪
FT-Raman Spectrometer ,傅里叶变换拉曼光谱仪
Gas Analysis ,气体分析
Gas Chromatograph ,气相色谱仪
GC-MS ,气相色谱-质谱联用仪
Gel PermeationChromatograph ,凝胶渗透色谱仪
HighPressure/Performance Liquid Chromatography ,高压/效液相色谱仪
Hybridization Oven, 分子杂交仪
ICP-MS, ICP-质谱联用仪
Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer ,电感偶合等离子体发射光谱仪
Instrument for Nondestructive Testing, 无损检测仪
Instrument for Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR仪
Inverted Microscope ,倒置显微镜
Ion Chromatograph ,离子色谱仪
Isotope X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer ,同位素X荧光光谱仪
LC-MS ,液相色谱-质谱联用仪
Mass Spectrometer ,质谱仪
Mechanical Property Tester ,机械性能测定仪
Metal/material elemental analysis ,金属/材料元素分析仪
Metallurgical Microscopy ,金相显微镜
Microwave Inductive Plasma Emission Spectrometer ,微波等离子体光谱仪
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer ,核磁共振波谱仪
Optical Microscopy ,光学显微镜
Optical PropertyTester ,光学性能测定仪
Other/Miscellaneous ,其他
Particle Size Analyzer ,粒度分析仪
PCR Amplifier PCR,仪
Peptide synthesizer, 多肽合成仪
pH Meter ,pH计
PhysicalProperty Analysis ,物性分析
Polarograph ,极谱仪
Protein Sequencer ,氨基酸测序仪
Rheometer ,流变仪
Sample Handling ,样品处理
Scanning Probe Microscopy ,扫描探针显微镜
Sensors ,传感器
Sequencers and Synthesizers for DNA and Protein DNA,及蛋白质的测序和合成仪
Shaker ,摇床
Size Exclusion Chromatograph ,体积排阻色谱
Surface Science ,表面科学
SurfaceAnalyzer ,表面分析仪
Thermal Analyzer, 热分析仪
Thermal Physical Property Tester, 热物理性能测定仪
Ultrahigh Purity Filter, 超滤器
Ultra-low Temperature Freezer, 超低温冰箱
Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor ,超声破碎仪
Ultraviolet Detector ,紫外检测仪
UltravioletLamp ,紫外观察灯
Urine Analyzer ,尿液分析仪
UV-Visible Spectrophotometer ,紫外-可见光分光光度计
Viscometer ,粘度计
Voltammerter ,伏安仪
Water Test Kits ,水质分析仪
X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer ,X射线荧光光谱仪
X-RayDiffractomer, X射线衍射仪
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