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Lesson 01 A Puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮
New words and expression 生词和短语
学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用
学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里
puma n.美洲狮
spot v.看出, 发现??
= see, pick out, recognize, catch sight of 强调结果, 辨别出, 看见, 识别, 发
现
-- A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd.
-- He has good eye for spotting mistakes.
同意词：
-- find：强调发现的结果 / find?out：查出事实真相
-- discover：做出重大发现 / notice：注意到
-- observe：观察 / watch：观察活动中的人或画面
Spot n.斑点
-- There is a white spot on the shirt.
on the spot 有两个含义：
1> 立刻, 马上（at?once, immediately）
-- Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.
2> at?the?place?of?the?action 在现场
-- Wherever she is needed, she is quickly on the spot.
Evidence n.证据（不可数名词）
Evident adj.明显的, 显然的 / evidently adv.明显地, 显然
Evidence = proof (n.证据)
-- When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence.
in?evidence 显而易见的
-- He was in evidence at the party.
Accumulate v.积累, 积聚（强调积累的过程）
-- As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate.
Gather vt.聚集, 把某人召集在某处
-- The teacher gathered his students in the class
Collect vt.搜集, 采集
-- Do you collect stamps? Yes, I collect stamps as my hobby.（n.业余爱好）
Assemble v.集合, 集会 / 装配
-- A large number of people assemble on the square.
Hoard vt.大量的储存 （-- hoard?up = store?up 储藏）
-- The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter （squirrel n.松鼠） nut n.坚果）
amass vt.积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）
-- The clouds amassed above the hills
Oblige v.使…感到必须
feel?obliged?to?do?sth 感觉有必要做某事
-- I feel obliged to say no to his demand（n.要求, 需要）
be?obliged?to?do?sth 被迫做某事
-- They were obliged to sell their car to pay their debts off.（debt n.债务）
hunt v.n.追猎, 寻找 （hunt for）
-- The experts from London zoo began to hunt (v.) for a puma.
-- The hunt (n.) for the puma proved the difficult. （prove vt.证明, 证实）
search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物
-- The police were searching the forest for the missing boy.
run?after 强调追赶, 追求
-- look, a dog is running after a cat
-- what are you run after in your life
seek = pursue? v.追寻(理想)
chase v.追赶 （-- They are chasing a thief / They are running after a thief）
blackberry n.黑莓 / berry n.浆果
human?being 人类
corner v.使走投无路, 使陷入困境
作为动词, 经常使用被动语态
-- The thief was cornered at last
-- The problem cornered me.
corner n.角落
-- at the corner of the street
-- in the corner of the room
-- on the corner of the desk
Trail n.一串, 一系列
trail vt. 跟踪, 追踪（= follow）
-- The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding （criminal n.
罪犯）
Print n.印痕
Cling v.粘 （clung, clung, clinging）
-- She is always clinging to her mother.
-- He clung to the hope that he would succeed. 他怀有成功的希望
stick? v.粘住 （-- stick the envelop）n.信封
stick?to?坚持 （-- stick to the plan / stick to one’s promise）n.许诺
sticky? adj.粘的 （-- sticky fingers）
convince v.使…信服
1>convince sb of sth
-- I convince him of my honesty.（n.诚实, 正直） 我使他相信我的诚实。
2> be?convinced that…
-- I am convinced that she is honest girl.（adj.诚实的, 正直的）
somehow adv.不知怎么搞地, 不知什么原因
= by some means, in some way, for some reason unknown
-- I’ll get the book back somehow. 无论如何我要把这本书取回来。
-- I got lost somehow 不知怎么搞地, 我迷失了。
Somewhat adv.稍微, 有点, 有些 （= a little）
-- The price is somewhat higher than I expect.（high adj.高的）
disturb v.令人不安
disturbing adj.令人不安的 / disturbed adj.感到不安的
surprising adj.令人惊讶的 / surprised adj.感到惊讶的
exciting adj.令人激动的 / excited adj.感到激动的
wild adj.野性的, 野生的
investigate v.调查, 研究
de 脚本 ion n.描写, 描述
extraordinarily adv.特别地，非常地，格外
similar adj.相似的, 类似的
attack vt.攻击
difficult adj.困难的, 艰难的 difficulty n.困难, 难点
rabbit n.兔, 野兔
paw n.手掌, 手爪
fur n.毛皮, 毛, 软毛
bush n.矮树丛
fully adv.充分地, 完全地
collector n.收藏家, 征收者
Text 课文
at?large 逃遁的, 没有被控制的
-- The thief is still at large
at large 详细地（= in?detail）n.细节, 详情
-- I need talk to you at large
at large 总体来讲（= as?a?whole）
-- The students at large are hungry for English. （hungry adj.饥饿的, 渴望的）
Where must the puma have come from?
Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.
在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果（和中文不同）
英文擅长用长句，中文擅长用短句。
-- Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia. （panda n.熊猫）
cat-like 猫一样的, 偷偷摸摸的 / dog-like 狗一样的 / life-like 栩栩如生的
When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted
forty-five miles
south of London, they were not taken seriously.
一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词的后面，但为了保持句子
平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前
1> 定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰
-- 定语从句的引导词：
-- 指人：主语 who；宾语 who, whom；定语?whose
-- 指物：that（也可以指人）/ which
-- 时间状语：when / 地点状语：where / 原因状语：why
2> 同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容
-- 同位语从句的引导词：
-- 名词(做主语、宾语等)：关系词用 that 而不是 which
-- 时间：when；?地点：where
-- 定语从句中没有 what 这个关系词，但 what 可以引导同位语从句
-- An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way.
-- I?have?no?idea?what?has?happened?to?him。
they were not taken seriously（they 指代 reports）
take sth seriously = deal with sth seriously 认真地对待某事
-- I always take your suggestions seriously.
take sth lightly 草率地对待某事 （lightly adv.轻率地）
-- Don’t take the hot potato lightly （hot potato n.棘手的问题）
However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the de 脚本 ions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.
However adv.然而(起转折作用)
As 连词：随着, 当...之时
过去分词做定语：
-- the de 脚本 ions given by people
-- the story told by the sailor (n.海员, 水手, 船员)
-- a book written by Luxun
claim?to?have?done?sth 声称曾经做过某事
-- He claimed to have been the manager of the large shop.
The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking
blackberries saw
’a large cat’ only five yards away from her.
Where a woman picking… 定语从句
-- I still remember the school where I studied English.
It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will
not attack
a human being unless it is cornered.
Confirm = be sure = be certain (confirm vt.确定)
Unless it is cornered = if it is not cornered (unless conj.如果不, 除非)
-- He will accept the job unless the salary is too low.
The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the
morning
and at another place twenty miles away in the evening.
search = hunt
Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like
rabbits.
把某物留在后面：leave?behind
-- Wherever he went, the wound left behind him a trail of blood.（n.血）
Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to
bushes.
英文表达方式习惯用被动语态, 突出客观事实。而中文则善于运用动作的执
行者。
puma fur was found clinging to bushes. （被动）
We found the puma fur clinging to bushes. （主动）
-- clinging to bushes 是现在分词短语做宾补
Several people complained of “cat-like noises’ at night and a businessman on
a fishing trip
saw the puma up a tree.
complain?of/about?sth 抱怨某事
on+名词：强调动作正在进行
-- on?the?rise 在上升 / on?the?increase 在增加
-- on?the?watch 在观看 / on?the?match 在比赛中
-- on?the?fishing?trip 在钓鱼的途中 / on?holiday 在度假
The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where
had it come
from?
Fully（adv.充分地, 完全地）= completely = entirely
As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must havebeen in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape.
sth be in?the?possession?of?sb = sth be in?sb’s?possession 某物归某人所有
(主语是物)
-- The beautiful car is in my possession.= The beautiful car is in the possession
of me.
Sb be in?possession?of?sth 某人拥有某物(主语是人)
-- I am in possession of the beautiful car.（in possession of… 做表语）
-- The person in possession of the big house is excited. （in possession of… 做
定语）
take?possession?of… 拥有…
The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught.
Went on = lasted （last vi.继续, 持续）
It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet
countryside.
It is disturbing to think that... 一想到…就心理不安
-- It is disturbing to think that I fail my examination
in the quiet countryside 在宁静的山村
Special difficulties 难点
Exercises A
1. at/for 2. to 3. to 4. in 5. on
Exercises B
1. He is the man we have heard about so much.
2. The shelf you put those books on has collapsed.（vi.倒塌, 崩溃, 瓦解）
3.Whom did you receive a letter from?
特殊疑问句中 whom?不能省略（本句）。
定语从句中 Which 以及指代人的做宾语的 Whom, 在非正式用法当中可以省
略。
省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词 Whom, Which 前，只能用于非固定的动
词短语后面。
固定的动词短语
look?for：寻找（去掉 for 后 look 没有寻找的意思，所以介词 for 不能前置）
非固定的动词短语
look?at：注视
live?in：居住（去掉 in 后 live 仍有居住的意思，所以介词 in 可以前置）
This is the old house in which he lived. = This is the old house he lived in.
4.This is the road we came by?
5.Where is the pencil you were playing with?
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1… 正确答案：D
in common adv.共有 （替换了 similar）
2… 正确答案：B
A）只是一个具体的特定的事列，阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意
B）?large?cat
persuade v.说服, 劝说
3… 答案正确：C?
做理解题时要紧扣主题、紧扣中心大意
文章最后一句话总结了大意
句型结构题和词汇题是每课的关键
4… 答案正确：C?
Make 的用法：
make?somebody?do（在主动语态中不定式的符号 to 应该省略）
be?made?to?do（被动语态中不定式的符号 to 必须补充完整）
-- They made her wait for hours. She was made to wait for hours.
5… 答案正确： D?
A）把 say 改成 claim 就对了 （-- People?claimed?to?have?seen?the?puma.）
D）清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系
6… 正确答案：B
原句中的?when 引导的时间状语从句表示：－...就…（as?soon?as）
被动：On being observed, it immediately ran away.
主动：On?observing?her, it?immediately?ran?away.
On seeing me, he waved to me.
7… 正确答案：D
except 可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配（也可是 when/if 引导的从句形式）
unless = if...not = except on the condition that…
when = if
-- …except when they are cornered. = …except if they are cornered.
-- Whenever you come, you are welcome. = If ever you come, you are welcome.
8… 正确答案：D
A）must?be 只是对客观现实的推测，时态不一致
-- 对于过去事实推测一定要用：情态动词+ have +过去分词
9… 正确答案：C
on more than = nothing more than = only / within = not more than
10… 正确答案：B
in?a?corner 偷偷摸摸地, 暗中地, 秘密地
in?a?trap 落于陷阱中
at an angle 不正的, 倾斜的（angle n.角, 角度, 角落, 墙角, 棱角） under cover 在遮蔽处, 秘密地, 暗中
11... 正确答案：B
fishes?for?pleasure 钓鱼消遣
travel for pleasure 外出游玩
read for pleasure 阅读消遣
12…
on one’s own adv.独自地, 独立地, 主动地 （= alone）
for one’s own benefit 为了某人自己的利益。
Lesson 02 Thirteen equals one 十三等于一
New words and expression 生词和短语
equal? v.等于
A 等于 B A equals B
Equal vt.与...相匹敌
-- None?of?us?can?equal?her, either?in?beauty?or?as?a dancer.
be?equal?to +名词（equal adj.不相上下的）
-- Mary is quite equal to John in brains.（n.智力, 脑髓）
玛丽可以和约翰在脑力上相匹敌。
be?equal?to doing：有能力, 有力量来做某事??（to 是介词）
-- I am equal to running the company.
vicar n.牧师
raise v.募集，筹（款） -- raise money 募集资金
提高 -- raise the price 提高物价
饲养、供养 -- raise a horse 饲养一匹马
种植 -- raise wheat 种植小麦
召集、招募 -- raise an army 招募一支军队 （army n.陆军, 军队）
提出、发出 -- raise a cheer 发出欢呼声 （cheer n.愉快, 欢呼）
torchlight n.电筒光 torch n.手电筒
cause n.事情 church n.教堂
figure n.外形, 轮廓, 体形
grocer n.食品商人, 杂货商人
bell n.钟, 铃, 钟声, 钟形之物
tower n.塔, 城堡
Text 课文
Was the vicar pleased that the clock was striking? Why?
Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never
managed to get
enough money to have the church clock repaired.
现在进行时和 always 等频度副词搭配时：表示说话人带有某种的情感色彩
Tom is always doing homework. 汤姆总是做家庭作业，怎么也做不完。
Tom always does his homework. 汤姆总是做家庭作业，不拖欠作业。
He is always making noises. 他总是吵吵闹闹，真烦人。
one?or?another：表示这样或那样
-- for one reason or another 处于这样或那样的原因
-- at one time or another 在这样或那样的时间
-- in one way or another 用这样或那样的方法
get enough money to do sth 募集足够的资金做某事
-- I have to get enough money to have my house repaired.
have something done
1>找某人来做某事
-- have the church clock repaired
-- have the plane repaired / -- have hair cut
2>某人所遭受到的意外某种情况（主语必须是发出动作的人）
-- His wallet was stolen. He had his wallet stolen.
The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many
years ago
and has been silent ever since.
used?to：过去常常做，而现在不再发生的事情了。
-- He used to smoke every day.
One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the
hours!
However -- 在口语中, 主要用于句首；在作文中, 最好用在句中、句尾。
要用逗号分隔开来
-- He said that it was so, he was mistaken, however.
He said that it was so, however, he was mistaken.
他说这件事就是如此，然而他弄错了。
-- I know his story, however, I wouldn‘t like to tell you.
I know his story, I, however, wouldn‘t like to tell you.
However = Nevertheless (adv. conj.) = Nonetheless (adv.)
Start n.vt.惊跳, 惊起
-- The noise made him started(v.).
-- What a start(n.) you give me. / -- he stood up with a start(n.).
Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o‘clock, but the bell struck thirteen
times
before it stopped.
before：...才
-- Nearly a week passed before she could explain what had happened to her.
Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going
on.
Armed with a torch... 过去分词
Looking at his watch… 现在分词
分词做状语/定语的时候，一定要注意它和逻辑主语要呼应一致
In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as
Bill Wilkins
, our local grocer.
in the torchlight 在手电筒光下 / in the moonlight 在月光下
in the sunshine 在太阳光下 / in the candlelight 在烛光下
非正式用语中 whom 可以省略掉
recognized?somebody?as… 认出某人是…
regard somebody as 认为某人是 / think of somebody as 认为某人是
treat somebody as 把某人对待为 / have on somebody as 把某人尊敬为
‘Whatever are you doing up here Bill?‘ asked the vicar in surprise.
Whatever 中的 ever 用来加强语气
‘‘m trying to repair the bell,‘ answered Bill.‘‘ve been coming up here night
after night for
weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.‘
night?after?night 一夜连着一夜
day after day 一天又一天 / year after year 一年又一年
week after week 一周又一周 / bus after bus 一辆车接着一辆车
‘You certainly did give me a surprise!‘ said the vicar.
肯定句中常用 do, did, does 加强语气和情感色彩（一定要位于动词原形之前）
-- You do like nice today. 你今天看上去确实很不错。
-- I do like you.
‘You‘ve probably woken up everyone in the village as well.
as?well 用在句尾相当于 too, 主要用于肯定句中, 但比 too 所表达的语意更优
秀。
-- You looked nice yesterday and you look beautiful as well today.
Still, I‘m glad the bell is working again.‘
still 用于句首, 用逗号分隔开来, 表达一个转折的关系：虽然如此, 但是
‘That‘s the trouble, vicar,’ answered Bill.
‘It‘s working all right, but I‘m afraid that at one o‘clock it will strike thirteen
times and
there‘s nothing I can do about it."
There is nothing I can do about it = I am at a lose what to do（at a loss adv.困惑）
‘We‘ll get used to that, Bill,’ said the vicar.
"Thirteen is not as good as one, but it‘s better than nothing. Now let‘s go
downstairs and
have a cup of tea.‘
get?used?to / be?used?to / be?accustomed?to / get?accustomed?to?都表示习惯
于???
get 强调渐近的过程,??be 强调习惯了的状态
Special difficulties 难点
in?
1>与表达惊奇、恐惧、失望或生气等感情色彩的名词搭配连用, 在句中起状
语作用。
in surprise 惊奇地 / in astonishment 惊愕的
in alarm 恐吓的 / in embarrassment 窘迫的
in amazement 极为惊讶 / in despair 绝望的
in dismay 沮丧的 / in anger 恼火的 / in disappointment 失望的
2>表示以、用。用于语言, 书写材料, 色彩或声音等方面。
in English / in pencil / in ink / in oil 用颜料 / in red 用红色 / in code 用代码
in such a high voice 用这么高的声音 / in a few words 用几句话
3>表示状态、情况或处境
in trouble / in difficulty 在困境中 / in bed 在床上 / in a hurry 匆忙的
in debt 负债 / in love with sb 爱上某人 / in tears 流着泪
in good order 有条不紊, 整齐, 情况正常 / in good repair 维修良好
in good health 身体好 / in poor health 身体坏
in the bad mood 情绪坏 / in the good mood 情绪好
in
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