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1、精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特别的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实或者与事实相反，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或估计。Tomorrow假如明每天气好的话真实条件句If it is fine , we will go to the park.If it doesn t rain, we will go to the park.Now现在的天气是正在下雨非真实条件句If it were fine , I would go out to play.If it weren t raining,
2、I would go out to play.非真实条件句所表示的假设是不行能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆用虚拟语气。一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的使用1. 由 if 引导的和时态有关的虚拟语气：虚拟情形从句主句与现在事实相反if + 主语 +动词过去式主语 +would/should/ could /might+动词原形与过去事实相反if + 主语 +had+ 动词过去式主语 +would/should/ could /might+have+动词过去分词动词过去式与将来事实相反if + 主语 + should+V主语 +would/should/ could /migh
3、t+动词原形were to+V1） 与现在事实相反可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 26 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载留意： 条件从句中be 一律用 were, 不分人称。但在口语中或非正式场合中，第一、三人称单数也可用was, 现代美语更是如此。形式构成： 从句的谓语用动词的过去式（ be 的过去式用were），构成 If I （ we, you, he
4、, they ）动词过去式的形式。主句的谓语用would（其次、 三人称） /should（第一人称） /might/could动词原形。 此外，与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句句型仍有：If it were not for= Were it not for要不是 / 假如没有假如我在你的位置，我的想法会不同。If I were in your place, I should think differently.假如我是你的话，我不会那样做。If I were you, Ishouldndotlike that.要是我是你，我就会对他说实话。If I were you, I should would
5、, could, mighttell him the truth.假如他有时间，他就会（可能）和你去。If he had time, he would could, might go with you.要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没有问题了。If my brother were here, everything would be all right.2） 与过去事实相反形式构成： 从句的谓语用had过去分词，构成If I we, you, he, they had过去分词的形式。主句的谓语用should（第一人称）/would （其次、三人称）/could/might have动词过去分词。假如你
6、认真一点，这个错误是可以防止的。If you had been more careful, the mistakemight have been avoided.假如受过良好的训练，他就不会表现成那样。He would never have behaved like that if he had had a good education.假如我的表不停，我就会准时的。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 26 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word
7、 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载If my watch had not stopped, I should have been on time.假如我们迟点走的话，我们就会错失火车了。If we had left a little later, we should / would have missed the train.要是我遇到她的话，我就已经告知她了。If I had met her, I would have told her.留意： 与过去事实相反的句型仍有：If it had not been for= Had it not bee
8、n f要or不是/假如没有3） 与将来事实相反形式构成： 从句的谓语用If I we, you, he, they动词过去式或were to do 或 should do形式，主句谓语用should（第一人称） /would （其次、三人称）/could/ might动词原形。假如他明天来的话，他就会知道了。If he came tomorrow, he would know it.假如她明天到那里去的话，她可能会遇到他的。If she were to go there tomorrow, she would meet him.假如他来了，我们对他说什么了？If he were to come
9、, what should we say to him.假如他观察我，就会熟悉我。If he should see me, he would know me.假如我们爬上山顶，我们能有一个好的视野吗？If we climbed to the top of the mountain, should we get a good view.2.虚拟条件句的省略与倒装留意： 当虚拟条件句含有were, had, should 时，可以省略if ，而把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，即用倒装句，但动词过去式不行以与主语倒装。If we had left a little earlie
10、r, we would have caught the bus.Had we left a little earlier, we would have caught the bus.假如我们早点走，就可以赶上公共汽车了。If I were in his place, I would try my best.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 26 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -
11、学习好资料欢迎下载Were I in his place, I would try my best.假如我在他的位置，我会尽我所能的。假如他在，他会来帮忙我们。Were he here, he would come to help us.假如你刚才在这里，你就会遇见她。Had you been here just now, you would have met her.假如我明天观察他，我就会告知他关于这一切。Should I see him tomorrow, I would tell him about it.3.混合时间虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一样时
12、，被称为“错综时间条件句 ”，动词的形式要依据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。假如他早点动身，他现在已到家了。If he had set out earlier, he would be home now.假如我不忙，我就会来了。If I were not busy, I would have come.假如你接受了我的看法，你现在就会好得多。You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.巩固练习1.I you a more valuable present for your birthday, but I was short o
13、f money at that time. A.much have bought B. had boughtC. would have boughtD. would buy2. If she could sew, she herself a shirt.A. had madeB. will makeC. would have made D. made 3. he come, the problem would be settled.A.Would B. ShouldC. ShallD. If4. he would have succeeded in the examinations.A. If
14、 he has worked hard B. If he works hardC. If he worked hard D. Had he worked hard 5.What would you do if the war .A.would break outB. were to break outC. will break outD. is broken out4.虚拟语气在其他从句中的使用可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 26 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载
15、精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载1）虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法主语从句是It s necessary natural, importa,nsttrange, surprising, better, a pity, no wonderthat 时，谓语的虚拟形式用（should）原形动词或should have过去分词来表示。高中同学把握一门外语很有必要。It is necessary that a high school student should master a foreign language.很遗憾他竟然没有
16、在。It is a pity that he should be absent today.我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。It is important that we should speak politely.留意： 有些过去分词可以当形容词使用，在主语从句中要用虚拟语气，常见的有： desired, demanded, requested, suggested,required等。2）虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句的用法在 suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice ， insistence 等名词后的表语从句和同可
17、编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“ should动词原形 ”。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Dalian for sightseeing.3虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法固定的单词或者短语：在一个坚持 （ insist ）,两个命令 （ order, command）,三个建议 （ suggest, advice
18、, propose）,四个要求（ask,demand request, require）等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 “should 动词原形 ”，表示建议、要求、命令等。我建议立刻动身。I suggest that we should set off at once.同学们坚持要多上英语课。The students insisted that they should have more English classes.留意： 在主语 would had rather that 宾语从句中， 从句谓语用过去式表示虚拟形式。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选
19、- - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 26 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载我倒期望他们和我一起去。I would rather they went with me.1） wish+宾语从句现在：过去时did/were过去：过去完成时had done将来： would/could/might/should+V .I wish I were a bird. 现在 I wish I hadn t made such a mis过tak
20、去e.We wish our parents wouldn t punish us未. 来 留意： 用在 wish后的宾语从句中，其形式有三种情形：对目前状况所表示的希望或愧疚，谓语动词为一般过去式。be 一律用 were。对将来发生的事情表示希望，谓语动词为：would/could/might+v. 原形。对过去发生的事情表示遗憾、懊悔，谓语动词为：had + done4 表示对现在情形的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式（be 动词一般用were）。我期望知道这个问题的答案。I wish I knew the answer to the question.但愿北京全年是秋天。I wish
21、it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.她期望仍和祖母住在一起。She wishes she were still living with her grandmother.（5）表示对过去情形的虚拟：从句动词常用“had过去分词 ”。我懊悔不该花那么多钱。I wish I hadn t spent so much money.他真期望没有失去机会。He wishes he had not lost the chance.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 2
22、6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载（6）表示对将来的主观愿望：从句动词形式为“would 动词原形 ”。但愿雨能停止。I wish it would stop raining.但愿你立刻来。I wish you would come soon.例句翻译：1. I didn t go tthoe party, but I do wish I had been there.2. I should have gone to the opera yes
23、terday. I wish I had had yesterday.3. Tom can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he would teach me how to do it.4. I wish he hadn t gone.留意 : 假如 wish是过去式， 后面从句的动词的虚拟语气形式不变，仍用过去时或过去完成。5.含蓄条件的虚拟语气有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是显现if 引导的条件句，而通过其他手段代替条件句。比如通过介词短语引出的含蓄条件，或由连词but, 副词
24、otherwise, or else,without 和 but for 等引出的构成虚拟。but for 要不是 I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副词）He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .（连词）Without sunlight, peo ple s life would be difficult .But for your help, I w
25、ouldn t have finished the work. Without your help, I failwould have failedBut for water, it bewould beimpossible to live in the desert.6.虚拟条件句的其他情形1）句型： It + be + adj. / n. / pp + that从句 +（ should ） v. 原形。常用的形容词有：important,necessary,possible,hoped,strange,desirable 等。It is hoped that you should be t
26、here in person.It is important that he confirm his reservations before Friday.It is necessary that an efficient worker accomplish his work on time.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 26 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎
27、下载It is natural that products of high quality should sell well.2）用于would rather / would sooner / would prefer等表示 “宁愿、期望 ”意义动词之后的宾语从句中 ;3）在 It is a /high ime that引导的定语从句中，要用虚拟语气;4） in order that， so that ， for fear that ， in case 等引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用 would （其次、三人称）/should （第一人称）/might/could 动词原形。She to
28、ok a taxi in order that she might get there in time. Bring some more money in case you might use it later. It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.5用于 as if /though引导的方式状语从句中现在：过去时过去：过去完成时My mother looks after the orphan as if he were her own child. They look as if they were real brothers.He
29、 talked as if nothing had happened.但在 It sounds / looks / seems as if后的从句中，表示情形很可能发生有时可用陈述语气。It looks as if it s going to rain. 6would rather-现在：过去时过去：过去完成时将来：过去时I would rather you paid me now. 现在 I would rather you had gone, too. 过去 Don t come. I would rather you came tomorrow. 将来 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精
30、品名师归纳总结7用于定语从句：It s about/high time+that过去时可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结should +V .你该走了。 It s high time that you went. It s high time tthyaou should go.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 26 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎
31、下载我们该睡觉了。It s time that we went to bed. It s time that we should go to bed.8用于 If only引导的感叹句（用法同wish ） If only I knew his name.If only we had followed your advice. If only I could see him again.要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。If only our parents could live with us.要是我没错过火车就好了！If only I hadn t missed the train.重要
32、学问点补充1.用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词由with, without, but for等What would you do with a million dollars.=if you had a million dollarsWe couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help. if we hadn t got your helpBut for rain=If it hadnt been for the rain, we would have finished the work.2、在 It is h
33、igh time that的句型中，定语从句的虚拟形式常用过去式或should动词原形（ should 不能省略），表示 “现在该”我们该走了。 It is time we left3、 if only表示一种假设情形，意思是“要是 就好了 ”，相当于主语wish 。要是今日是星期天就好了。If only it were Sunday today.要是他幽默点就好了。If only he had a sense of humor.4、由 as ifas though 或 even thougheven though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时，从句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳
34、总结谓语形式为动词的过去式（be 用 were）或 “ had过去分词 ”。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结他那样对待我，似乎我式生疏人似的。He treats me as if I were a stranger.她谈论那部影片，就似乎她的确看过一样。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 26 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资
35、料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载留意：假如表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。5、虚拟语气用在含有If it were not for或 If it had not been for条件句中。If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.If it had not been for your help, we couldn t have finished the work ahead of time. 6、虚拟语气表示委婉语气的句型中。It would be
36、 better for you not to do that.Would you be so kind as to show me the way to the railway station.7、用于 “ may 动词原形 ”表示 “希望”， may 必需置于句首。May you succeed. May you be happy.巩固练习1. Jack can t have arrived yet, otherwise he me.A. would phonedB.phonedC. would have phonedD. had phoned 2.Without your help, I
37、the exam last term.A. failed inB. would have failedC. wouldn t pass D. would fail3. But for the Party, he of hunger 30 years ago.A. diedB. would die C. must have diedD. would have died 4.What would have happened, as far as the river bank.A. Bob had walkedB. if Bob should walk C. had Bob walkedD. if
38、Bob walked 5.If you him yesterday, you what to do now.A. askedwould knowB. had askedwould have knownC. asked himknowD. had askedwould know情态动词和虚拟语气的巩固练习1. I don t really like Janes. Why did you invite him. Don t worry. He come. He said he washat hceisrtpaliannws were.A. mustntB.needntC.wouldntD. mig
39、htnt2. Just be patient. You expected the world change so soon.A. cantB.needntC.may notD.will not3. Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. needntB.wouldnt C.mustntD.couldnt 4.-John went to the hospital alone.-If he me about it, I would have gone with him. A.sh
40、ould tellB.tells C.toldD.had told5.-Good morning. I ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.-Ah, good morning. You be Mrs.Peters. A.mightB mustC wouldD can可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 26 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心
41、总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载6.-The weather has been very hot and dry.-Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now. And my vegetables .A.wouldnt dieB didnt dieC hadnt die D wouldnt have died7.-I havent got the reference book yet, but I will have a test next month on th
42、e subject.-Dont worry. You have it by Friday.A. couldB shallC mustD may8. If we the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A. takeB had taken C tookD have taken 9.-May I take this book out of the reading room.-No, you . You read it here.A.mightntB wontC needntD mustnt10.I hav
43、e told you the truth. I keep repeating it. A.MustB CanC MayD Will11. Teachers recommended parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.A. not allowB do not allowC mustnt allowD couldnt allow12.Yo u have a wrong number, she said. There is no one of that number”.A.needB canC mustD would13. Doctors say that e