必修五第四单元语法.doc

-! 必修五第四单元语法 Inversion(倒装) 1. 倒装原因： 1. 出于语法需要，非用倒装语序不可，有强制性. 2. 为了达到某种修辞效果（强调/平衡/衔接/描绘等） 3. 倒装的种类： 1. 完全倒装， 2. 部分倒装， 4. 完全倒装情况/条件 1. 副词here/there/then/now等位于句首，谓语动词为be/come/go/stand/lie/begin/live/exist/remain/seem/appear/happen等，且句子主语为名词时，句子完全倒装。 Eg :(1)Your letter is here. (2) The bell goes there. (3) The chairman came then. 2. 表示运动方向的副词out/in/up/down/off/back/over等位于句首，谓语动词为be/come/go/stand/lie/follow/rush/run/ Fly...,且主语为名词。 Eg :(1)A boy and a dog rushed out . (2) The headteacher came in. (3) The swallow flew away. (4) A beautiful girl sits under the tree. 3. 表示地点的介词短语位于句首，谓语动词为be/come/go/stand/lie /hang/walk/sit等。 Eg :(1)A car lies in the distance. (2) A letter was inside the parcel. (3) A professor sits in the front of the lecture hall. 4. such做表语，为了强调而置于句首时，“就是如此” Eg :(1)His words were such. (2) He, a simple man but with great achievement was such. 注意：1.在完全倒装句子中，谓语动词要与后面的主语保持一致。 2. 完全倒装的句子主语必须为名词，若主语为代词时，则用正常语序。 Exercises : 1． 判断正误 1. There seems to be many people in the room. 2. In front of the house stands two tall trees. 3. Here comes it . 4. Away went they. 5. On the top of the hill stand an old temple. 6. Here come my list of dos and don’ts . 2． 用倒装结构改写下列句子，并说明属于那种情况。 1. A village lies at the foot of the mountain . 2. A little boy stands under the tree. 3. A letter for you is here. 4. The birds flew away. 5. Some picture books are here. 5． 部分倒装情况/条件 1. 表示否定意义的副词/连词置于句首时，句子部分倒装。（never/seldom/little/nowhere/ Hardly/barely/scarcely/in no way/ In no case/at no time/by no means In/under circumstances等） Eg (1)She could hardly believe her own eyes. (2) His parents will by no means approve of his decision to go abroad. (3) I have never seen such a splendid castle. (4) I seldom go to bed before 10 o’clock. (5) He cared little about his own safety. (6) Our country has never been so prosperous and powerful as it is today. 2. 在hardly...when/no sooner ...than; Not... until;/not only...but also句型中，hardly/scarcely/no sooner/not until /not only引导分句置于句首，主句部分倒装，从句不倒装。 Eg ;(1)The students did not stop talking until the teacher came in. (2) The film star no sooner arrived at the airport than he attracted people’s attraction. (3) I not only know her ,but also I am also know her friend. 3. only +状语位于句首，句子部分倒装； /only+状语从句位于句首，主句部分倒装，从句不倒装。 Eg (1) You will be able to master the language only by practising a few hours every day. (2) I have seen the professor only lately on campus. (3) He found the truth only when he returned . 注意：若only +主语位于句首时，句子不倒装。 Eg (1)Only she can always answer the question. (2) Only you know it. 4. 表示前面所陈述的肯定的/否定的情况也适用于第二个人/物时，用so; Neither/nor+can/be/have/has/will/ Do/did/does...+主语（2） Eg :(1)She has been to New York,so _____ I. (2) He went to college last year,so ___ I. (3) After that we never saw her again ,neither/nor ___ they see her. 5. so...that/such...that...中，so+adj/adv; such+n位于句首时，so/such所在的句子要进行部分倒装。 Eg :(1)My nephew made such progress that he was able to keep a diary in English before long. (2) He walked so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him. 6. as 引导让步状语从句中，常把从句中的表语/状语/位于中的实意动词提到句首构成特殊部分倒装。 Eg :(1)Young as he is ,he knows much. (2) Peasant as my uncle is ,he owns a large fortune. 当标语为可数名词单数提前时，其前去掉冠词。 (3) Eg :Teacher as she is ,she doesn’t know everything. (4) Child as he was ,he was able to stand on his own feet. 7. if 引导的虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should时，可将if省略，而将were/had/should移到主语前，构成部分倒装。 Eg :(1)If I were in his position ,I wouldn’t do it that way. (2) If you hadn’t helped me ,I would have failed. (3) If it should snow tomorrow ,what should we do? Exercises:用倒装结构改写下列句子。 1 He was able to get back to his motherland only when the Second World War ended . 2．— Did you know any French before you arrived in Paris? —I had never learned it，actually. 3． He did not stop repairing and cleaning it until the motorbike looked almost new 4．Mary never does any reading in the evening，nor ______John． 5．—Did Linda see the traffic accident? —No. She had no sooner gone than it happened. 6．I’ve tried very hard to improve my English.But the teacher is by no means satisfied with my progress. 7． I found it so difficult to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. 8.He plays the violin quite well.So ______ my sister. 9.I didn’t read the notice on the bulletin board；neither/nor _______ he. 10．You can solve the problem only with this method. 11．People seldom did experiment to test their ideas. 12.They did not encourage the development of tourists related activities in the rural areas until recently 13.She realized that she had left the contract at home only when Lily walked into the office 14.I discovered that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals only after talking to two students 15. The nurses not only want a pay increase，they want to reduce hours as well. 16.If there should be no modern telecommunications(电讯)，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. 17.Mo Yan had no sooner stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 18.He did not realize the love we have for our families is important Not until he went through real hardship 19. It occurred to Michael not once that he could one day become a top student in his class. 20.The patients can be treated properly in this hospital Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent