广州初一英语教案资料梳理.doc

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.- Unit 1 一般现在时 1.用法:经常性、习惯性的动作;目前的状况;客观的事实 2.标志词:usually ,often ,always ,sometimes, never ,every day ,every week, once a week等 3.基本结构: 【be动词时的句型结构】:am is are ①肯定句结构:主语+be动词+其他+. 例句 ②否定句结构:主语+be动词+not+其他+. 例句: ③一般疑问句结构: be动词+主语+其他+? 例句: 【实义动词时的句型结构】: ①肯定句结构:主语+动词原形(或动词第第三人称单数形式)+其他+ I /You/get up at 6:00 every day.(第一二人称时,动词用原型) She/He/It gets up at 6:00 every day.(第三人称用第三人称单数) They/We get up at 6:00 every day.(复数用原型) Daming(任何单数人称)gets up at 6:00 every day(用单数人称时用三单) 【疑问句】 用do或does提问, 根据陈述句中动词的词性来判断,是三单的动词就用does,原型的就用do.当三单的句子改为一般疑问句时,在句首加Does,然后动词改为原型。 例句: 回答时, Yes/No, I do/dont. Yes/No,he does/doesnt. 频度副词的用法 1.Always“总是,永远的”表示动作重复,状态继续,中间没有间断:The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west. 2.Usually”通常 平常”即很少有例外:He usually goes to bed at ten o’clock. 3.Often“经常,时常”,表示反复性的动作或状态,中间有间断:He is often late for school.他上学经常迟到。 4.Sometimes “有时”动作偶尔发生:Sometimes he comes by bus, but usually he comes by taxi. 有时他坐公共汽车来,不过他通常还是打的来。 5.Seldom“很少”; 表示否定意义,动作很少会发生He seldom eats breakfast. 他很少吃早餐。 6. hardly表示“几乎不、简直不”, 具有否定意义,除非特殊情况,否则不会发生。如:   The boy is so young that he could hardly understand it. 这个孩子太小了,不可能懂得这件事。 7. never“从不,绝不”这个副词表示否定意义,动作几乎不会发生: Better late than never. [谚语] 迟做总比不做好。 ◆ 对上述频度副词提问时,用how often。 如: I write to my brother sometimes.  →How often do you write to your brother? 频度副词的位置  ◆频度副词在句中习惯上位于be动词、助动词等之后,行为动词之前。   1. 在be动词之后。如: She is sometimes very busy. 她有时很忙。   2. 在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。如: I will never forget this lesson. 我将永远忘不了这一课。   3. 在实义动词之前。如:We often go there. 我们常去那儿。   ◆sometimes也可放在句首、句中或句末,often也可放在句末(一般不放在句首)。如:Sometimes she writes to me. =She writes to me sometimes. She sometimes writes to me.她有时候给我写信。 She writes to me often. 她经常给我写信。   哪些主语属于第三人称单数? 一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。其实主语是第三人称单数,主要有以下几种情况: 一、第三人称代词 he, she, it 作主语时。: She is very good at English. 她英语学得好。 He studies in a middle school. 他在一所中学学习。 二、.单个的人名、地名或称呼作主语。 Tony is a doctor. 托尼是一位医生。 Uncle Li speaks a little English. 李叔叔会说一点儿英语。 Gaocheng is a beautiful town. 藁城是一座美丽的城镇。 三、.单个的可数名词作主语。 The girl is American. 这个女孩是美国人。 My watch is on the dresser. 我的手表在梳妆台上。 四、单个数字、算式或单个字母作主语时。  Three plus nine is twelve. 三加九等于十二。 "I" is an English letter. "I" 是个英语字母。 “8” is a good number in China. 在中国8是个好数字。 五、不可数名词作主语。 Some water is in the glass. 水在玻璃杯里。 Is there any juice in the bottle? 瓶里有果汁吗? 六、指示代词this, that等作主语。 This is a pear. That is an apple. 这是一个梨,那是一个苹果。 七、everyone, everything, something nobody nothing 等不定代词作主语时。 Is everyone here today? 今天大家都到齐了吗? Nobody can answer the question. 没有人能回答出这个问题。 Theres something wrong with the computer. 这台电脑坏了。 八、代词one作主语时。例如: One of them is watching TV. 他们中的一个人正在看电视。   动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律 动词的三人称单数与名词复数的变化规律是一样的,而且读音规律也一样. 一、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音音素后发音为[s],在浊辅音音素及元音音素后发音为 [z]。如: ①stop-stops [s] ; make-makes [s] ②read-reads [z] ; play-plays [z] 二、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”读[z] 如: fly-flies [z]; study-studies [z] ; 三、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为[z] 如: teach-teaches [iz]; watch-watches [iz] 四、以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读[z] 如: go-goes [z] do-does [z] 五、下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆。 如: 1、do [du:]-does [dʌz] 2、say [sei]-says [sez] 六、以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是[s]、[z]时,加“s”后字母“e”发音,与所加“s” 一起读做[iz]。 如: close-closes [iz] 1.elder old –近---elder older----反-----younger elder sister 姐姐 younger sister 妹妹 哥哥 弟弟 怀特先生有两个儿子。大儿子是医生,小儿子是数学老师。 Mr.white has two sons.The is a doctor and the is a maths teacher. I have a elder sister and a elder brother. 我有一个姐姐和一个哥哥。 2.By 表示乘坐交通工具 :by bus/train/bike/underground/plane/boat =ride/take a … Every day, I go to school by school bus .每天我乘坐校车去上学。 I often go to my hometown for my summer holiday. Aby train B in the train C in train Dby the train 3.the answer to the question Please email us your answers to these questions…请把这些问题的答案通过邮件发给我们……. Email 动词 email sb sth . 4.look like 看起来像 What she looks like…她看起来什么样子。 你的老师长什么样子 What does you teacher look like? 5.n+called 名字叫。。。。的 i got a emailed from a boy called bruche.我收到一个名叫布鲁斯的男孩发来的一封邮件。 6.’d like to =would like to 愿意做。。。=want to do 疑问形式:would …like to do … 否定形式:would not like to do/wouldn’t like to do … I’d like to be your e-friend 我想成为你的网友。 Li jie would like to go shopping with you? 7.other 其他的 别的 常修饰复数名词或不可数名词。如前面有any,no等词时,也可以修饰单数名词。 My other hobbies are watching…and reading books. 我的其他爱好是看。。。和看书。 Are there any other students in the classroom. She spends other money on beautiful clothes. 8.like doing sth/like to do sth 喜欢做某事,一般情况不可通用 My parents like going for a walk after supper.=my parents like to go for a walk after supper.我父母晚饭后喜欢散步。 9.be good at doing sth 擅长于做某事 Jack is good at sing . Jack 擅长唱歌。 10.It is+adj.+ for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事是… It is easy for us to smile to others. 对我们来说,对别微笑是很容易。 11.If you …,you can… 如果你… 你就能学好英语。 If you study hard,you can learn English well. 11. 特殊疑问词Which when how what who where whose why what subject do you like best? 1.What does your mother do ?...She is teacher. 2.Where is your?...He is in the bedroom. 3.how old is your little sister?... she is six years old. 4.what time does your dad go to work every day ? At about 7:00. 5.how many students are there in your class ?...Forty. 6.Which class are you in ,class 1 or class 2?...Class 2. 7.why do you like making friends with anna? …. Because she is friendly. 8.who will help you with English ?...mary . 9.whose bag is this ? It’s Tom’s. 10.How does your sister go to school?....She goes by bike. What….do you like best? 你最喜欢…?=what is /are your favorite...? What is your favorite film? 12.lots of = a lot of 表示许多,后跟可数或不可数名词 Many+可数名词 , much+ 不可数名词 13.Hear from =表示收到某人的来信 14.冠词: A an the the+姓氏复数Greens An apple\orange , an ice cream , an egg, an old book, an umbrella, an elder brother, an uncle, an hour, an honest boy, an important book, an egg, an uncle, an interesting book a university a useful book 15.Be from =come from 来自 16.Close to 靠近,反义词:far away from 离开远 17.All over”全,all over the school 全校 all over the city 全市 18.Email sb 发电子邮件给某人。 19.Sound 声音,不可数名词 也可以做动词 听起来 词组 1. close to 在空间和时间上接近 2. go to school 去上学 3. by school bus 乘校车。 4. all over 遍及 5. play basketball 打篮球 6. from all over the world 来自全世界 7. far away from 远离 8. learn about 了解 9. ‘d like to =would like to 愿意 10. go to bed 睡觉 11. get…from Unit 2 Daily life daily 每日的 日常的 article 文章 never 从不 –反义词 always table tennis 乒乓球 geography 地理 break 休息 bell 钟 铃 ring 发出钟声 响起铃声 end 结束 终止-反义词start begin band乐队 practice 练习 together 在一起 market 市场 guitar 吉他 词组:brush one’s teeth 刷牙 watch television 看电视 play table tennis 打乒乓球 ride a bicycle 骑自行车 Play the piano弹钢琴 wash one’s clothes洗衣服 junior high school 初中 senior high school 高中 on foot 步行 go to …on foot=walk to learn about 了解 in the morning in the afterroon在下午 in the evening 在傍晚 在晚上 run to 跑向,冲向 take part in 参加(活动,训练,比赛)have a good time 过得愉快 at school 在学校 在上学 between…and 在…和…之间 (时间,位置) 加入时间=from…to … in the later afternoon.下午晚些时候 go to bed 去睡觉 go to sleep 入睡 have lunch 吃午餐=eat lunch get up 起床 1. 时间状语从句(when的用法) When(at or during the time) 既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可以表示在 某一段时间内, 主句与从句的动作可以同时发生也可以先后发生。 当我回来的时候外面正在下雨。 . eg:当我爸爸回来时,我妈妈正在做饭。 After 引导的时间状语从句 After引导的时间状语从句 After I get up ,I brush my teeth and wash my face. 2 doing something is my hobby .做风筝是我的爱好。 3.There be “有…” 地球上有森林、河流、高山和田野。There are forests and rivers,moutains and fiels on Earth. There is/are+ 名词(sb/sth)+地点 “某地有某人/某物” There is+ a /an…后接单数名词 There is some/much…后接不可数名词 There are…后接复数名词 8) 教室里有一个学生。 9) 瓶子里有一些牛奶。 10) 墙上有两幅画。 11) 去年,大楼旁边有一间小房子。 4.Send sb sth ;送某人某物=send sth to sb can you send me seven boxes of oranges? 5.help sb with sth 意为:帮助某人做某事=help sb (to )do sth She sometimes help me with my homework. 6.love doing sth :习惯性的动作 love to do sth 强调某一次特定动作。love与like互换。 大多数孩子喜欢玩电脑游戏。 Enjoy doing sth =like ,love ;喜爱做某事 。 我喜欢世界上不同的地方。I enjoy learning about different places in the world. Most children love /like to playing games/to play games. 7.因为:because,所以:so,在英语中是不能同时出现在同一个句子中的。用了because ,就不用so,用了so 就不要用because. Eg :( ) he doesn’t work hard, he failed in the exam. A Because,so B Because,/ C /,because D so,/ 8.seldom 早上8点钟开始上课,我很少迟到。Classes start at 8a.m,and I am seldom late. 短语 Junior high school 初级中学 On foot 步行 Have a good time 过得愉快 From …to…从。。。到。。。 Between…to …在。。。和。。。之间 Play the guitar 弹吉他 一般现在时 :现在的事实 ,经常发生的行为、动作,真理基本事实,常见现象。 1.标志词:usually ,often ,always ,sometimes, never ,every day ,every week, once a week等 2.基本结构: 【be动词时的句型结构】:am is are ①肯定句结构:主语+be动词+其他+. 例句 ②否定句结构:主语+be动词+not+其他+. 例句: ③一般疑问句结构: be动词+主语+其他+? 回答 yes, am are is No ,am not. Aren’t ,isn’t 例句: 【实义动词时的句型结构】: ①肯定句结构:主语+动词原形(或动词第第三人称单数形式)+其他+ I /You/get up at 6:00 every day.(第一二人称时,动词用原型) She/He/It gets up at 6:00 every day.(第三人称用第三人称单数) They/We get up at 6:00 every day.(复数用原型) Daming(任何单数人称)gets up at 6:00 every day(用单数人称时用三单) ②.疑问句 用do或does提问, 根据陈述句中动词的词性来判断,是三单的动词就用does,原型的就用do.当三单的句子改为一般疑问句时,在句首加Does,然后动词改为原型。 例句: 回答时, Yes/No, I do/dont. Yes/No,he does/doesnt. 实义动词第三人称单数加S的规则 l V+S walk –walks l 辅音字母+y结尾的动词 去y为I +es fly –flies l 以S,Sh,Ch,x 结尾的动词 +es watch –watches l 以o结尾的动词 +es go - goes do—does 频度副词的用法 1.Always“总是,永远的”表示动作重复,状态继续,中间没有间断:The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west. 2.Usually”通常 平常”即很少有例外:He usually goes to bed at ten o’clock. 3.Often“经常,时常”,表示反复性的动作或状态,中间有间断:He is often late for school.他上学经常迟到。 4.Sometimes “有时”动作偶尔发生:Sometimes he comes by bus, but usually he comes by taxi. 有时他坐公共汽车来,不过他通常还是打的来。 5.Seldom“很少”; 表示否定意义,动作很少会发生He seldom eats breakfast. 他很少吃早餐。 6. hardly表示“几乎不、简直不”, 具有否定意义,除非特殊情况,否则不会发生。如:   The boy is so young that he could hardly understand it. 这个孩子太小了,不可能懂得这件事。 7. never“从不,绝不”这个副词表示否定意义,动作几乎不会发生: Better late than never. [谚语] 迟做总比不做好。 1. once,twice I go to the English Club twice a week. 我一周去两次英语俱乐部。 Once a mouth, I go to the park. 我每一个月去一次公园。 在表达“次数”时,如果是表示“一次,两次”,则分别用once和twice来表达,如果要表示三次和三次以上则用“基数词+times”来表达。如:three times“三次”,four times“四次”。 Once a mouth /week/year意为“一个月/周/年一次”,表示频率。 2、how often How long 多久 多长时间 How often do you watch television? 你多久看一次电视? How often 意为“多久一次”,用于提问频率,回答时通常用usually, often, every day,every night, once a day等表示频率的副词或短语。 3.love /like /enjoy +doing sth Susan likes travelling around the world 4.when 当…时候 引导时间状语从句 when the bell rings,I run to the playground with my best friends Tom and Jack. 5.how short it is !这段时间真是太短暂了! 6.from…to…从…到… 时间空间概念都可以 I am free from 2 o’clock to 4 o’clock. 7. do morning exercises 做早操 Exercise 做名词时含义众多 ,有时可数,有时不可数。 l 意为锻炼,运动时,是不可数名词。Running is a very good exercise. l 意为 一套动作,健身活动时可数名词。 This exercise is good for your back(背部) l 意为“习题,练习”是可数名词。Please do exercises 1 and 2 for homework.. 8.arrive at到达 抵达 +小地方 如:seminar park school arrive in +大地方 城市 国家:Beijing China 9. prepare one’s lessons 备课 10.help sb with 帮助某人做某事 She sometimes helps me with my homework.她有时会辅导我的作业。 Unit 3 The Earth Earth地球 quiz:知识竞赛 小测验 pattern:模式 形式 protect:保护 report:报告 part:部分 land:陆地 field:田野 large:大的 provide:提供 burn:燃烧 energy:能量 pollute:污染 into:到。。。里面,进入 ground:地面 kill:杀死 must :必须 important:重要的 fact :事实 kilometer:公里 千米 quarter 四分之一,四等分之一:一刻钟One quarter three quarters :1/4 ,3/4 shopping bag 购物袋 catch caught:捕捉 few 很少 problem 问题,难题 smell .气味 blow 吹 balloon 气球 alive 活着的 content 内容,要义 contents page 目录,目录页 at the beginning of 在的开头 contain 包含 useful 有用的 information 信息 chapter 章,节 find out 查清楚、弄明白 coral 珊瑚 Creature 生物 seaweed 海草、海藻 seafood 海鲜 1. There are forests and rivers,mountains and fields. 地球上有森林雨河流,有高山田野。There is +a.an there are +some 肯定否定回答 2. some … some some palces are very hot,and some are very cold.一些地方很热,而另一些地方很冷。 3. on the land :在陆地上 in the sky 在天空中 under the water 在水底下 4. There are also many people like you and me on Earth .地球上海有许多像你我一样的人。 I really like this song ,and I like the first one too. 5. The Earth provides us with air,water and food. Provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb 6. we burn things to make energy. 制造能量,获取能量 7. We put our rubbish into the sea and under the ground.我们把垃圾倒入海洋、埋入地下。 8. This pollutes the Earth and kills animals and plants.这就污染了地球,还会杀死动植物。This 指代前文提及的的事情。 9. stop doing sth 停止手头正在做得事情 stop to do sth 停止手头的事情去做另一件事情。We must stop doing this things.我们必须停止做这件事 10. It is +形容词+for sb +to do sth 对某人而言,做某事很。。。 I t is important for us to protect the Earth for our future.为了我们的未来保护地球很重要。I t is necessary for you to learn English well. 11.countble:可以计数,有单复数 单数要加a,an. uncountable nouns :不能计数 名词复数变化 1)单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers. 2)以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches. 3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies. 4)以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs, proof s, chiefs. 5)以o结尾的名词,除了5个特殊的词需要加es: Negroes, heroes, potatoes, tomatoes,mangoes.(记忆口诀:黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿,再吃点芒果要加es),其它直接加s: radios, zoos, pianos, photos,kilos,bamboos,studios 不规则变化 记忆口诀 不规则变化要特别记,oo常常变ee, foot→feet是一例; 男人、女人a改e, woman→women是一例; child复数children要记准; 中、日、瑞、鹿、绵羊无变化,单数、复数是一家。 (Chinese ,Japanese,Swiss,deer,sheep) 1) 英语中,只有少数名词的复数形式是不规则变化,需要逐一记忆。如: man-men, woman-women, child-children 2) 有一些可数名词的单复数形式相同。如: Chinese-Chinese, Janpanese-Japanese,sheep-sheep, deer-deer 3).有些名词只有复数形式:clothes pants裤子 ,jeans ,shorts. 12.own 自己的:常和 simon’s ,形容词性物主代词一起(my our you’re his her its their),加强语气.this is not my uncle’s house.she make all her own clothes. 13.any other,some other:另一些:there are some other things we can do.我们还有其他事情可以做。 14.take …to… 把。。。带到。。。:can you take me to the nearest shop. 15.few ,a few +可数名词的复数 few :没有 否定意义 a few 有几个 肯定意义。I know few of them 他们当中我几乎没有认识的人 I want to eat a few pizzas.我想吃几个披萨饼。 16.away 去别处,朝另一个方向。She run away from him.她从他身边抛开了 他把书放在一边:she puts his book away. 17.fewer and fewer 越来越少 each year There are fewer and fewer fish in the sea each year. 每一年,海里的鱼越来越少。 18.throw away sth ,throw away sth扔掉 丢掉 People throw a lot of rubbish away every day.人们每天都要人掉很多垃圾。 19,。Air has no smell, air has no taste.空气无嗅无味。 20.no =not any There are no (not any )trees round here.这附近没有一棵树。 21.ride on 骑在…上 they ride on air.他们乘风而上。 The father let his son ride on his shoulders.父亲让儿子骑在他的肩膀上。 22.in the air =in the sky 在天空中 lift ….up 将…抬起=lift up… How does a balloon rise in the air ,and lift the people up.气球是如何升入空中,还能把人一起送上? 23.keep …alive 让…活着 Water,air and sunshine keep all of us alive onEarth. Unit 4 语法 1.形容词做定语 Children like watching interesting cartoons. 孩子们喜欢看有趣的动画片。 名词----形容词 l N+y wind-windy cloud-cloudy sun-sunny fog- foggy l N+ful care-careful use-u
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