外研版新课标三起点小学英语语法及其习题集.doc

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.\ 小学英语语法及习题 一、名词复数规则 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如: book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如: bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如: family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如: knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,child-children, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice,foot-feet, tooth-teeth,fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 写出下列各词的复数 I_________him_________this___________her______sand_____ watch_______child_______photo________diary______day_____foot________book_______dress________tooth_______man_____sheep______box_______thief_______peach______wich______woman_______paper_______juice___________water_______milk________rice__________tea__________ strawberry________ 二、一般现在时 (一)一般现在时基本用法介绍 1、表示事物或人物的特征、状态。 如:Theskyisblue. 天空是蓝色的。 2、表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 如:Igetupatsixeveryday. 我每天六点起床。 3、表示客观现实。 如:Theearthgoesaroundthesun. 地球绕着太阳转。 (二)一般现在时的构成 1、be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。 如:Iamaboy. 我是一个男孩。 2、行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如:WestudyEnglish. 我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 (三)一般现在时的变化 1、be动词的变化。 否定句:主语+be+not+其它。 如:Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它。 如:-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,Imnot. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。 如:Whereismybike? 2、行为动词的变化。 否定句:主语+dont(doesnt)+动词原形(+其它)。 如:Idontlikebread. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesnt构成否定句。 如:Hedoesntoftenplay. 一般疑问句:Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。 如:Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idont. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。 如:Doesshegotoworkbybike?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesnt. 4、特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。 如:Howdoesyourfathergotowork? 5、动词+s的变化规则 (1)一般情况下,直接加-s, 如:cook-cooks,milk-milks (2)以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es, 如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es, 如:study-studies (四)一般现在时用法专练: 1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink________go_______stay________make________ look_________have_______pass_______carry_______ come________watch______plant_______fly________ study_______brush________do_________teach_______ drink______start_______ 2、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome. 2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne. 3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday. 4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday. 5.______they________(like)theWorldCup? 6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays? 7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday? 8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays. 9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening. 10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle. 11.Mike_______(like)cooking. 12.They_______(have)thesamehobby. 13.Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully. 14.Youalways_______(do)yourhomeworkwell. 15.I_______(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed. 16.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday. 17.LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE. 18.Thechildoften_______(watch)TVintheevening. 19.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm. 20. Whatday_______(be)ittoday?-It’sSaturday. 3、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上) 1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?__________________ 2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?__________________ 3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.__________________ 4.Mr.WuteachusEnglish._____________________ 5.ShedontdoherhomeworkonSundays._________________ 三、现在进行时 (一)现在进行时基本用法介绍 1、现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2、现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为 be+动词ing. 如:IamwatchingTV. 3、现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 如:IamnotwatchingTV. 4、现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 如:AreyouwatchingTV? 5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为: 疑问词+be+主语+动词ing? Whatareyoudoing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为: 疑问词+be+动词ing?如:Whoissingingthere? (二)动词加ing的变化规则 1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking 2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing, 如:make-making,taste-tasting 3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如: 停止stop-stopping 游泳swim—swimming 坐下sit—sitting 逐渐变成get—getting跑run—running 放下Put---putting (三)现在进行时专项练习: 1、写出下列动词的现在分词: play________run__________swim_________make__________go_________like________write________ski___________ read________have_________sing________dance_________ put_________see________buy_________love____________ live_______take_________come________get_________ stop_________sit________ 2、用所给的动词的正确形式填空: 1.Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow. 2.Listen.Somegirls_______________(sing)intheclassroom. 3.Mymother_________________(cook)somenicefoodnow. 4.What_____you______(do)now? 5.Look.They_______________(have)anEnglishlesson. 6.They____________(not,water)theflowersnow. 7.Look!thegirls________________(dance)intheclassroom. 8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She________(listen)tomusic.9.It’s5o’clocknow.We_____________(have)suppernow 10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes? Yes,sheis. 四、将来时 一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 句中一般有以下时间状语: tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow(后天)等。 二、基本结构:①begoingto+动词原形; ②will+动词原形. 三、否定句:在be动词(am,is,are)后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。 如:I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→ I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon. 四、一般疑问句:be或will提到句首,some改为any,and改为or,第一二人称互换。 如:Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→ Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend? 五、同义句:begoingto=will Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow. =Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow. 练习:1、填空。 1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends. I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends. 2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。 What_____________________________________nextMonday?I__________________playbasketball. What________youdonextMonday?I________playbasketball. 3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。 _____yourmother_______________goshoppingthis_________?Yes,she________.She_____________________buysomefruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。 Whattime_______you___________________meet? 2、改句子 5.Nancyisgoingtogocamping.(改否定) Nancy________goingtogocamping. 6.I’llgoandjointhem.(改否定) I_______go______jointhem. 7.I’mgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.(改一般疑问句) _______________________togetupat6:30tomorrow? 8.Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.(改一般疑问句) _______________meetatthebusstopat10:30. 9.Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.(对划线部分提问) _______________she_______________________afterschool? 10.Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaytomorrow.(同上) _________________goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow? 五、一般过去时 1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。(yesterday,lastyear/week.) 2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化: ⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。(wasnot=wasn’t) ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(werenot=weren’t) ⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句:didn’t+动词原形, 如:Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday. 一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。 如:DidJimgohomeyesterday? 特殊疑问句: ⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形? 如:WhatdidJimdoyesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式? 如:Whowenttohomeyesterday? 动词过去式变化规则: 1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled,cook-cooked 2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted 3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped 4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied 5.不规则动词的变化: am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got, go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran, sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew, drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept, swim-swam,sit-sat 练习:写出下列动词的过去式 is\am_________fly_______plant________are________ drink_________play_______go________make________ does_________dance________worry________ask_____ taste_________eat__________draw________put______ throw________kick_________pass_______do________ Be动词的过去时练习 1、用be动词的适当形式填空。 1.I______anEnglishteachernow. 2.She_______happyyesterday. 3.They_______gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth. 4.HelenandNancy________goodfriends. 5.Thelittledog_____twoyearsoldthisyear. 6.Look,there________lotsofgrapeshere. 7.There________asignonthechaironMonday. 2、用动词的适当形式填空。 1.I______(watch)acartoononSaturday. 2.Herfather_______(read)anewspaperlastnight. 3.We________tothezooyesterday,we_____tothepark,too.(go) 4.______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival? 5.______he_______(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he______. 6.GaoShan_______(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday. 7.I____________(sweep)theflooryesterday. 8.What______she_______(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She____(find)abeautifulbutterfly. 3、句型转换。 1.Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow. 否定句:______________________________________________ 一般疑问句:__________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:_________________________________________ 2.Theyplayedfootballintheplayground. 否定句:______________________________________________ 一般疑问句:__________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:________________________________________ 六、人称代词及对应的形容词性物主代词。 人称代词:I我we我们you你you你们he他she她it它they他们 物主代词:my我的our我们的your你的your你们的his他的her她的its它的their他们的 宾格:me我us我们you你you你him他her她it它them他们 主格:Iweyousheheitthey 宾格:meusyouherhimitthem 形容词性物主代词:myouryourherhisitstheir 名词性物主代词:mineoursyourshershisitstheirs 1、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Thatisnot_________kite.(my) 2.Isthis_________watch?(you)No,it’snot_________.(I) 3._________ismybrother._________nameisJack.Look!(he) 4.____ismyaunt.Doyouknow_____job?_____isanurse.(she) 5.Whereare____?Ican’tfind____.Let’scall____parents.(they) 七、形容词和副词的比较级 形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。 比较级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。 than后的人称代词用主格 (1)一般在形容词或副词后+er如:tall---taller,strong---stronger, (2)双写最后一个字母,再+er如:big---bigger,fat---fatter, (3)把y变i,再+er如:heavy---heavier,early---earlier (4)不规则变化:如:well--better,much/many-more, 1、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 old__________young________tall_______long________ short________strong________big________small_______ fat_________thin__________heavy______light_____ nice_________good_________beautiful__________________ low__________high______slow_______fast________ late__________early_________far_________well_______ 2、根据句意填入单词的正确形式: 1.Mybrotheristwoyears__________(old)thanme. 2.Isyoursister__________(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis. 3.Whois___________(thin),youorHelen?Helenis. 4.Whosepencil-boxis__________(big),yoursorhers?Hersis. 5.Benjumps________(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass. 6.DoesNancysing__________(well)thanHelen?Yes,she____.7.Myeyesare__________(big)thanhers. 八、缩略形式 I’m=Iamyou’re=youareshe’s=sheishe’s=heis don’t=donotdoesn’t=doesnotit’s=itis who’s=whoiscan’t=cannotisn’t=isnotwe’ll=wewill 九、情态动词can引导的句型 表示有能力做某事,can后面的动词要用原形。如: 1.Whatcanyoudo?Icansweepthefloor.Icancookthemeals.2.Icanwatertheflowers. 3.Canyoumakethebed?No,Ican’t. 4.Canyouuseacomputer?Yes,Ican. 5.HowcanIgettoZhongshanPark?YoucangobytheNo.15bus.
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