资源描述
.\
小学英语语法及习题
一、名词复数规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:
book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:
bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:
family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:
knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,child-children,
policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice,foot-feet, tooth-teeth,fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
写出下列各词的复数
I_________him_________this___________her______sand_____
watch_______child_______photo________diary______day_____foot________book_______dress________tooth_______man_____sheep______box_______thief_______peach______wich______woman_______paper_______juice___________water_______milk________rice__________tea__________ strawberry________
二、一般现在时
(一)一般现在时基本用法介绍
1、表示事物或人物的特征、状态。
如:Theskyisblue. 天空是蓝色的。
2、表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
如:Igetupatsixeveryday. 我每天六点起床。
3、表示客观现实。
如:Theearthgoesaroundthesun. 地球绕着太阳转。
(二)一般现在时的构成
1、be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。
如:Iamaboy. 我是一个男孩。
2、行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。
如:WestudyEnglish. 我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
(三)一般现在时的变化
1、be动词的变化。
否定句:主语+be+not+其它。
如:Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它。
如:-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,Imnot.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。
如:Whereismybike?
2、行为动词的变化。
否定句:主语+dont(doesnt)+动词原形(+其它)。
如:Idontlikebread.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesnt构成否定句。
如:Hedoesntoftenplay.
一般疑问句:Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。
如:Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idont.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。
如:Doesshegotoworkbybike?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesnt.
4、特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。
如:Howdoesyourfathergotowork?
5、动词+s的变化规则
(1)一般情况下,直接加-s,
如:cook-cooks,milk-milks
(2)以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,
如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes
(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,
如:study-studies
(四)一般现在时用法专练:
1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink________go_______stay________make________
look_________have_______pass_______carry_______
come________watch______plant_______fly________
study_______brush________do_________teach_______
drink______start_______
2、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.
2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.
3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.
4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.
5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?
6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?
7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?
8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.
9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.
10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.
11.Mike_______(like)cooking.
12.They_______(have)thesamehobby.
13.Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.
14.Youalways_______(do)yourhomeworkwell.
15.I_______(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.
16.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.
17.LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE.
18.Thechildoften_______(watch)TVintheevening.
19.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.
20. Whatday_______(be)ittoday?-It’sSaturday.
3、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)
1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?__________________
2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?__________________
3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.__________________
4.Mr.WuteachusEnglish._____________________
5.ShedontdoherhomeworkonSundays._________________
三、现在进行时
(一)现在进行时基本用法介绍
1、现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2、现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为
be+动词ing. 如:IamwatchingTV.
3、现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
如:IamnotwatchingTV.
4、现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
如:AreyouwatchingTV?
5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:
疑问词+be+主语+动词ing? Whatareyoudoing?
但疑问词当主语时其结构为:
疑问词+be+动词ing?如:Whoissingingthere?
(二)动词加ing的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,
如:make-making,taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:
停止stop-stopping 游泳swim—swimming 坐下sit—sitting
逐渐变成get—getting跑run—running 放下Put---putting
(三)现在进行时专项练习:
1、写出下列动词的现在分词:
play________run__________swim_________make__________go_________like________write________ski___________
read________have_________sing________dance_________
put_________see________buy_________love____________
live_______take_________come________get_________
stop_________sit________
2、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:
1.Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow.
2.Listen.Somegirls_______________(sing)intheclassroom.
3.Mymother_________________(cook)somenicefoodnow.
4.What_____you______(do)now?
5.Look.They_______________(have)anEnglishlesson.
6.They____________(not,water)theflowersnow.
7.Look!thegirls________________(dance)intheclassroom.
8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She________(listen)tomusic.9.It’s5o’clocknow.We_____________(have)suppernow
10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes? Yes,sheis.
四、将来时
一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
句中一般有以下时间状语:
tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow(后天)等。
二、基本结构:①begoingto+动词原形;
②will+动词原形.
三、否定句:在be动词(am,is,are)后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。
如:I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→
I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.
四、一般疑问句:be或will提到句首,some改为any,and改为or,第一二人称互换。
如:Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→
Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?
五、同义句:begoingto=will
Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow.
=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.
练习:1、填空。
1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.
I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.
2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。
What_____________________________________nextMonday?I__________________playbasketball.
What________youdonextMonday?I________playbasketball.
3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。
_____yourmother_______________goshoppingthis_________?Yes,she________.She_____________________buysomefruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。
Whattime_______you___________________meet?
2、改句子
5.Nancyisgoingtogocamping.(改否定)
Nancy________goingtogocamping.
6.I’llgoandjointhem.(改否定)
I_______go______jointhem.
7.I’mgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)
_______________________togetupat6:30tomorrow?
8.Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.(改一般疑问句)
_______________meetatthebusstopat10:30.
9.Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.(对划线部分提问)
_______________she_______________________afterschool?
10.Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaytomorrow.(同上)
_________________goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow?
五、一般过去时
1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。(yesterday,lastyear/week.)
2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:
⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。(wasnot=wasn’t)
⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(werenot=weren’t)
⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
否定句:didn’t+动词原形,
如:Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.
一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。
如:DidJimgohomeyesterday?
特殊疑问句:
⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?
如:WhatdidJimdoyesterday?
⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?
如:Whowenttohomeyesterday?
动词过去式变化规则:
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled,cook-cooked
2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied
5.不规则动词的变化:
am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,
go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,
sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,
drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,
swim-swam,sit-sat
练习:写出下列动词的过去式
is\am_________fly_______plant________are________
drink_________play_______go________make________
does_________dance________worry________ask_____
taste_________eat__________draw________put______
throw________kick_________pass_______do________
Be动词的过去时练习
1、用be动词的适当形式填空。
1.I______anEnglishteachernow.
2.She_______happyyesterday.
3.They_______gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.
4.HelenandNancy________goodfriends.
5.Thelittledog_____twoyearsoldthisyear.
6.Look,there________lotsofgrapeshere.
7.There________asignonthechaironMonday.
2、用动词的适当形式填空。
1.I______(watch)acartoononSaturday.
2.Herfather_______(read)anewspaperlastnight.
3.We________tothezooyesterday,we_____tothepark,too.(go)
4.______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?
5.______he_______(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he______.
6.GaoShan_______(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.
7.I____________(sweep)theflooryesterday.
8.What______she_______(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She____(find)abeautifulbutterfly.
3、句型转换。
1.Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.
否定句:______________________________________________
一般疑问句:__________________________________________
肯、否定回答:_________________________________________
2.Theyplayedfootballintheplayground.
否定句:______________________________________________
一般疑问句:__________________________________________
肯、否定回答:________________________________________
六、人称代词及对应的形容词性物主代词。
人称代词:I我we我们you你you你们he他she她it它they他们
物主代词:my我的our我们的your你的your你们的his他的her她的its它的their他们的
宾格:me我us我们you你you你him他her她it它them他们
主格:Iweyousheheitthey
宾格:meusyouherhimitthem
形容词性物主代词:myouryourherhisitstheir
名词性物主代词:mineoursyourshershisitstheirs
1、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Thatisnot_________kite.(my)
2.Isthis_________watch?(you)No,it’snot_________.(I)
3._________ismybrother._________nameisJack.Look!(he)
4.____ismyaunt.Doyouknow_____job?_____isanurse.(she)
5.Whereare____?Ican’tfind____.Let’scall____parents.(they)
七、形容词和副词的比较级
形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。
比较级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。
than后的人称代词用主格
(1)一般在形容词或副词后+er如:tall---taller,strong---stronger,
(2)双写最后一个字母,再+er如:big---bigger,fat---fatter,
(3)把y变i,再+er如:heavy---heavier,early---earlier
(4)不规则变化:如:well--better,much/many-more,
1、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级
old__________young________tall_______long________
short________strong________big________small_______
fat_________thin__________heavy______light_____
nice_________good_________beautiful__________________
low__________high______slow_______fast________
late__________early_________far_________well_______
2、根据句意填入单词的正确形式:
1.Mybrotheristwoyears__________(old)thanme.
2.Isyoursister__________(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.
3.Whois___________(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.
4.Whosepencil-boxis__________(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.
5.Benjumps________(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.
6.DoesNancysing__________(well)thanHelen?Yes,she____.7.Myeyesare__________(big)thanhers.
八、缩略形式
I’m=Iamyou’re=youareshe’s=sheishe’s=heis
don’t=donotdoesn’t=doesnotit’s=itis
who’s=whoiscan’t=cannotisn’t=isnotwe’ll=wewill
九、情态动词can引导的句型
表示有能力做某事,can后面的动词要用原形。如:
1.Whatcanyoudo?Icansweepthefloor.Icancookthemeals.2.Icanwatertheflowers.
3.Canyoumakethebed?No,Ican’t.
4.Canyouuseacomputer?Yes,Ican.
5.HowcanIgettoZhongshanPark?YoucangobytheNo.15bus.
展开阅读全文
相关搜索