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1、专题四动词和动词短语一、动词英语动词根据其意义和句法作用，可分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。实义动词又称行为动词，为表示动作或状态的动词，可以单独充当句子的谓语。实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词两类。In some parts of London, missing a bus means waiting for another hour. Brian told you that there wasnt anyone in the room at that time, didnt he? In order to make our city green, we must plant
2、more trees. 二、动词短语英语中的动词短语通常由动词加介词、副词、名词等构成，在句中起动词的作用。Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting up some schools for poor children. In order to catch up with the advanced countries, we must keep learning. 动词在句中作谓语或谓语的一部分时，其形式要随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。高考对动词和动词词组的考查主要在以下几个方面。1对不及物动词的考查不及物动词本身意思完整，
3、不需要跟宾语，也没有被动语态。You are supposed to arrive on time. We went to Canada to travel and my cousin acted as our guide. 2对及物动词的考查及物动词本身意思不完整，后面需要接宾语。In our childhood, we were often reminded by parents to pay parents to study hard. Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it? Oh, real
4、ly! I havent checked my mailbox yet. 3对连系动词的考查连系动词虽有一定的词义，但不完全，不能独立充当谓语，必须和作表语的词(名词、形容词等)连用。Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health remains poor. Cotton feels soft while stone feels hard. 4动词副词精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 36 页The famous scientist grew up where he
5、was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai. When you turn on the TV set, clear pictures will immediately appear on the screen. 注意：在 “ 动词副词 ” 的词组中宾语位置有两种情况：宾语如是名词，则可置于副词后面，亦可置于动词和副词之间。而如果宾语是代词，只能置于动词后面，即动词和副词之间。You can take the magazine out of the reading room. 5动词介词动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词，宾语置于介词后面。Tha
6、t fashion which differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. If you run into any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring. 6动词副词介词这类动词短语在词义上相当于一个及物动词，其宾语置于介词之后。We must work hard to make up for lost time. You are walking too fast. I cant keep up
7、 with you. 7动词名词这类动词短语中的常见动词是have，take，give，make 等，后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词，并表达了短语动词的真正意义。He caught sight of an old friend when he was shopping. Take hold of the rope and you will climb up. 8动词名词介词这类动词短语只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语总是位于介词之后。Keep an eye on the baby while I am out. What the teacher says has gre
8、at effect on the pupils. 9be 形容词 (包括过去分词作形容词)介词这类动词短语也相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词后面，形容词的词义是短语动词的真正词义。I told him what I was surprised at was his attitude towards his study. It is good for elderly people to be involved in community service actively. 高考真题探究（ 20062011年）【2011 全国卷 ,34】 William found it increasingly di
9、fficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 36 页to . A.disappear B.fall C.fail D.damage 【答案】 C 【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】 disappear 消失，不复存在；fall 降落，跌倒，降低；fail ( 指健康 )衰退 , 衰弱； damage损害 , 毁坏 , 加害于。句意为“William 发现阅读越来越困难了，因为他的视力开始衰退了。 ”“increasingly difficu
10、lt越来越困难 ” 是个渐进的过程，故选C。【2011 全国卷 II,10】 Mary, I_John of his promise to help you. A. told B. reminded C. warned D. advised 【答案】 B 【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】 句意为 “玛丽， 我已经提醒约翰注意他帮助你的承诺了。”remind of 就提醒 (某人)，使 (某人 )想起 ；warn 含有警告的意思。【2011 天津卷 ,6】I a bank account after I made1,000 by doing a part-time job during the
11、summer vacation. A.borrowed B.opened C.entered D.ordered 【答案】 B 【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“暑假兼职打工挣了1000 美元后，我在银行开了帐户。”open a bank account在银行开帐户。【2011 江苏卷 ,28】 Are you still mad at her? Not really, but I cant _ that her remarks hurt me.Adeny Brefuse C reject Ddecline 【答案】 A 【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“你还生她的气吗？不见得，但
12、是我不否认她的话伤害了我。”deny否认，否定；refuse， reject ，decline 都是拒绝的意思。not deny 无法否认。故选A。【2011 福建卷 ,28】 I d prefer to my judgement until I find all the evidence.A.show B. express C.pass D.reserve 【答案】 D 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 36 页【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】 句意为 “我宁愿保留我的判断直到我发现所有的证据。”reserve预订或保留
13、 (座位、 住处等 )， 推迟，留到以后，与后面的until 相一致。【2011 安徽卷 ,21】 As the story_, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered. A. begins B. happens C. ends D. develops 【答案】 D 【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“随着故事的展开，这个神秘数字的真相渐渐地被解开了。”develop 开发 , 发展，把 (主题或情节 )逐步展现出来。根据句意选D。【2011 湖北卷 ,26】Knowledge and learning are imp
14、ortant if we want to be successful, but they may also_ our thinking. A. direct B. limit C. change D. improve 【答案】 B 【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“如果我们想要获得成功，知识和学习很重要。但是它们或许会限制我们的思维。”direct 指示 , 指引，导演（戏剧或电影）；指挥（管弦乐队） ；limit 限制； change改变；improve 改进，改善。根据句中but 的转折，选B。【2011 湖北卷 ,27】The minister said. “We are read
15、y for discussions with any legal parties, but well never_ with criminals.”A. negotiate B. quarrel C. argue D. consult 【答案】 A 【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】 negotiate 谈判； quarrel 吵架， 争吵；argue 辩论，争辩； consult 商议 ,咨询。句意为 “ 部长说： 我们愿意与任何合法党派进行讨论，但我们决不与犯罪分子谈判。”根据句意选A。【2011 湖北卷 ,28】 Clinical evidence began to_, suggestin
16、g that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals. A. operate B. strenghten C. approve D. accumulate 【答案】 D 【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“不断增加的临床证据表明：比起原先从动物实验中所得到的预计，这些新精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 36 页药具有更加广泛有用性。”operate 手
17、术，操作；strenghten 加强； approve 赞成； accumulate 积累， （数量）逐渐增加。故选D。【2011 辽宁卷 ,22】 What are you doing out of bed, Tom? Youre to be asleep. , A. supposed B. known C. thought D. considered 【答案】 A 【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为 “Tom，你不睡觉做什么？你现在应该睡觉。”out of bed 未上床，起床的意思，be supposed to do应当，应该。【2011 辽宁卷 ,24】 You are old e
18、nough to your own living. A.win B. gain C. take D. earn 【答案】 D 【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“你长大了，可以自谋生路了。”earn one s living 谋生，固定搭配。【2011 全国卷 ,26】 I can the house being untidy, but I hate it i f its not clean.A. come up with B.put up with C. turn to D.stick to 【答案】 B 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“房子里东西凌乱我能忍，但是脏我讨厌。
19、” come up with 想出 , 提出；put up with 忍受 , 容忍； turn to 转向，翻书到，求助于，(使)变成； stick to 坚持，紧跟，粘住，忠于。不整洁的 ;凌乱的【2011 天津卷 ,8】She an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store. A.turned down B.dealt with C.took after D.came across 【答案】 D 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“昨天在百货商店购物时，她遇上了她的老朋友
20、。”turn down 拒绝； deal with对付，处理；take after 长得像，性格类似于，效仿；come across穿过 , 越过，偶然遇见。【2011 山东卷 ,25】 They are broadening the bridge to _ the flow of traffic. A. put off B. speed up C. turn on D. work out 【答案】 B 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 36 页【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“他们正在拓宽桥梁以加快交通流量。”
21、put off 推迟； speed up 加快； turn on打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等），(使 )感兴趣 ; (使 )兴奋； work out 算出，实现。拓宽桥梁的目的是加快交通流量，故选B。【2011 江苏卷 ,30】 You look upset. Whats the matter？I had my proposal _ again. Aturned over Bturned on Cturned off Dturned down 【答案】 D 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“你看上去不高兴，怎么啦？我的建议又遭到拒绝了。”turn over 翻身，翻转，把 移交
22、； turn on 打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等），(使)感兴趣 ; (使 )兴奋； turn off 关掉（电器、水龙头等），使厌烦； turn down 关小（音量等） ，拒绝。根据句意选D。【2011 福建卷 ,31】 Born into a family with three brothers, David was to value the sense of sharing. A.brought up B.turned down C.looked after D.held back 【答案】 A 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“出身在一个三兄弟家庭，David 受到了
23、要看重与人分享的教育。”bring up教育，养育 (孩子 )，呕吐 (食物 )；turn down 关小（音量等） ，拒绝； look after 照顾； hold back 阻碍，抑制，隐瞒。【2011 安徽卷 , 34】 If you _faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price. A. come across B. care about C. look for D. focus upon 【答案】 A 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“如果你发现这辆自行车有
24、毛病但还是想要，你就要求这家商店的营业员减价。 ”come across偶然遇到； care about 关心， 在乎；look for 寻找； focus upon 专注于。 【2011浙江卷 ,6】The school isn t the one I really wanted to go to ,but I suppose I ll just have to_it, A. make the best of B. get away from C. keep an eye on D. catch up with 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - -
25、- - -第 6 页，共 36 页【答案】 A 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“这所学校并不是我原来真正想去的，但我现在想尽量好好利用它了。”make the best of 充分利用，尽量好好去做；get away from 逃离； keep an eye on照看 ,，留心 ; 注意；catch up with 追上，赶上。对照现在和过去对学校态度的变化，选A。【2011 浙江卷 ,12】He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of _at a hotel for the night. A. putting
26、 down B. putting off C. putting on D. putting up 【答案】 D 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“他决定一路驾车回家，不在旅馆留宿。”put down 放下，平定 , 镇压，记下；put off 推迟； put on 穿上，戴上，上演，假装，增加；put up 举起，建立，张贴，投宿。根据句意选 D。【2011 四川卷 ,7】To get a better grade, you should _the notes again before the test. A. go over B. get over C. turn over D.
27、take over 【答案】 A 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】 句意为 “为了获得好成绩，你应该在考试前好好复习这些笔记。”go over 审查， 复习，重温从头到尾检查一遍；get over 越过，完成，克服(困难 )，从 (疾病、失望、震惊等)中恢复过来； turn over 翻身，翻转，把 移交； take over 接管 ; 接替。【2011 四川卷 ,14】 I often the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the lnternet.A.look up B.look at C. look for D.look into
28、 【答案】 A 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】 句意为“我经常在字典里或网上查我所不懂的单词。” look up 查（单词、 电话号码等） ；look at 看，注视 (某人或某物 )；look for 寻找； look into 深入地检查，研究，调查。【2011 陕西卷 ,25】 Some insects_the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves. A. take in B. take off C. take on D. take out 【答案】 C 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。精选学习资料 - - - - - -
29、 - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 36 页【解析】 take in 吸收，欺骗； take off 拿走 , 取下，脱去（衣服等） ，起飞； take on 承担，呈现，雇用； take out 把带出去，清除 , 除掉。句意为 “ 一些昆虫为了保护自己，让自己的体色与其周围环境的颜色相似。”【2011 湖北卷 ,29】 The government has taken measures to _ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable. A. take down B. bring d
30、own C. hand down D. tear down 【答案】 B 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“政府已经采取措施来降低日常生活用品的价格以保持市场的稳定。” take down拆卸，记录，记下；bring down 使(某物或某人 )掉下倒下， 击败，降 (价)；hand down 把传递下来，遗留; 流传； tear down 拆毁 ; 拆卸。根据后面的“ 保持市场的稳定” 选 B。【2011 辽宁卷 ,26】 The exam results will be on Friday afternoon. A. put down B. put off C. put up D
31、. put away 【答案】 C 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“考试结果将在星期五下午公布。”put down 放下，平定 , 镇压，记下； put off推迟； put up 举起，建立，张贴，投宿；put away 放好，储存，抛弃。根据句意选C。【2011 江西卷 35】 You cant predict everything. Often things dont _ as you expect.A.run out B.break out C.work out D. put out. 【答案】 C 【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】 run out 耗尽； break
32、out 打破； work out 算出，实现； put out 扑灭。句意为“ 你无法预言一切。事情常常不会像你期待的那样实现。” 选 C。10 全国 The workers _ the glasses and marked on each box “ This Side Up”A. carried B. delivered C. pressed D. packed 答案 D 考点动词词义辨析解析 句意： 工人们把玻璃制品包装好并且每个盒子上标记上“ 此面向上 ” 。 选项为四个意思上毫无关联的动词, 此题考查动词的词义辨析。carry 译为搬运 , deliver 译为递送 , press译
33、为按, 压, pack 译为打包。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 36 页10 全国 My mother opened drawer to _the knives and spoons. A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together 答案 A 考点考查动词词组辨析。解析 put away 放好 , 收拾起来； put up 举起 , 搭建 , 张贴 , 挂起； put on 穿上 , 戴上； put together 组装 , 装配 , 把 凑合起来10 福建 More
34、and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities space. A. in search of B. in place of C. for lack of D. for fear of 答案 D 考点短语辨析解析 A. 寻找B. 代替 ; C. 因缺乏D. 生怕 , 以免。句子的完整意思应该是：大城市建起越来越多的高楼大厦, 因为缺乏空间。, 10 福建 We ve just moved into a bigger house and theres a lot to do. Lets it.A. keep up with B.
35、 do away with C. get down to D. look forward to 答案 C 考点动词词组辨析解析 A. keep up with 保持B. do away with 废除 , 去掉； C. get down to着手处理D. look forward to 盼望 , 期待10 福建 In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well. -I can t agree more. It s great to have the two .A. linked B. related C. connect
36、ed D. combined 答案 D 考点动词词义辨析解析 A.; 联系在一起；将人或物连接或联系起来；B. 与 有某种联系 ;C. 连接 , 连结； ;D. 使联合 , 使结合；10 上海 In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled the local market. A. longer than B. more than C. as much as D. as far as 答案 D 考点本题考查介词词组。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -
37、名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 36 页解析根据动词travel 可判断此处应填关于路程的介词词组, 本题即为as far as。as far as远到. 10 安徽 No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone _you wishing they were that high A. getting rid of B. getting along with C. Looking up to D. looking down upon 答案 C 考点本题考查动词短语辨析。解析getting
38、rid of 意为“ 摆脱； 去除 ” ；getting along with 意为“ 与 相处；进展 ” ；Looking up to 意为“ 尊敬；敬仰 ” ； looking down upon 意为“ 看不起；轻视 ” 。句意为“ 你无论认为自己怎样低下 , 总希望有个高尚的人来尊敬你。”10 安徽 -How did you like Nicks performance last night?-To be honest, his singing didn t _to me much A. appeal B . belong C refer D. occur 答案 A 考点本题考查动词辨
39、析。解析 appeal to 意为“ 吸引 ” ；belong to 意为“ 属于 ” ；refer to 意为“ 提到；涉及 ” ；occur to意为“ 突然想到 ” 。 句意为“ 她的演唱并不怎么吸引我。”10 江西 Parents _ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift. A attach B pay C link D apply 答案 A 考点考查动词词组。解析 ,attach importance to 关注 . 10 江西
40、Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just _ sweet dreams. A keep up with B put up with C end up with D catch up with 答案 C 考点考查动词词组。解析 keep up with 保持 , put up with 忍受 , end up with 以 为结束catch up with 赶上。10 江西 We give dogs time, space and love we c an spare, and _, dogs give us their
41、 all. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 36 页A in all B in fact C in short D in return 答案 D 考点考查in 的词组。解析 in all 共计in fact 实际上in short 简而言之in return 以作为回报。10 山东 Sam _ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it. A. brought up B. looked up C. picked up D. s
42、et up 答案 C 考点本题考查动词短语意义辨析。解析句意应为“ 山姆只是凭借看别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。” 表示“ 学会 ” 用pick up; pick up 另外还有“ 捡起 ; 顺车接送 ,搭载；收拾 , 整理；重新开始； 获得 ” 等义；bring up 表示“ 抚养, 教育；提出；呕吐” ；look up 表示 “ 向上看； (形势 )好转 , 改善；查阅 ” ；set up表示“ 建立, 设置；造成 , 产生 ” 。10 山东 Your house is always so neathow do you _ it with three children? A. mana
43、ge B. serve C. adapt D. construct 答案 A 考点本题考查动词在具体语境中的使用。解析句意应为“ 你家里总是那么整洁- 家里有三个孩子, 你是怎么设法做到的?” 表示“ 设法做成某事” 用 manage it。serve表示“ 为 服务； 接待 ” ；adapt 表示“ 使适应 , 使适合 ” ；construct 表示“ 建造 , 构筑；构思 ” 。10 天津 Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion , and as a manager. A. ended up B. dropped out C.
44、 came back D. started off 答案 A 考点考查短语动词的用法。解析句意：作为一名职员加入公司, 他很快得到提升, 最后当上了经理。ended up as 作为 而结束的意思； dropped out 是 “ 退出 , 退学 ” 的意思；came back 是 “ 回来 ” 的意思；started off 是 “ 动身 , 出发 ” 的意思。只有A 项符合题意。10 天津 He telephoned the travel agency to three air tickets to London. A. order B. arrange C. take D. book 答
45、案 D 考点考查动词意义。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 36 页解析句意：他打电话给旅行社预定三张去伦敦的机票。book 和 tickets 搭配 , 是“ 订票 ” 的意思。10 四川 Some people eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what?nice. A. looks B. smells C. feels D. tastes 答案 A 考点考查系动词辨析。解析与上句中的eat with their eyes 相对 , 后句应该为点看起来很好吃的东西。故
46、正确答案为 A。10 四川 Jenny was looking for a seat when, luckily, a man and leftAtook up Bgot up Cshut up Dset up 答案 B 考点考查动词词组。解析 get up 意为“ 起床 , 起立 ” 。句意为“Jenny 正在找一个座位, 正在那时 , 很幸运地 , 一个人站起来离开了。” 故选 B。1 意为“ 从事 , 占据时间或空间” ；C 意为“ 闭嘴 ” ；D 意为“ 建造, 搭起 ” 。10 江苏 Thousands of foreigners were_ to the Shanghai Worl
47、d Expo the day it opened. A. attended B. attained C. attracted D. attached 答案 C 考点考查动词意义。解析表示成千上万的外宾被吸引来参加上海的世博会。10 江苏 The experiment has_ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets. A. found out B. pointed out C. ruled out D.
48、carried out 答案 C 考点考查动词词组。解析排除可能性。Find out 是查找出point out 指出carry out 执行 , 实施10 江苏 So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is_ ideal. We have to work still harder. A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to 答案 B 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 36 页考点考查动词短
49、语辨析。解析 far from 表示 not at all . next to 表示仅次于due to 表示因为 ,由于10 陕西 You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must _ you, I suppose. A. agree with B. agree to C. agree on D. agree about 答案 A 考点考查动词短语辨析。解析 Agree with ：同意 , 赞成；与 相适应； agree to：同意 , 赞成 (观点 , 看法等 )；agree on：就 达成协议； agree about：对 .
50、有相同的看法。题干意思是：你看上去很好。我认为：三亚的空气和海鲜很适合你。选A。10 湖北Just as the clothes a person wears , the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house his personality. A. resembles B. strengthens C. reflects D. shapes 答案 C 考点考查动词词义辨析解析 “就好像一个人穿什么, 吃什么 , 以及和什么样的人交往能反映人的个性一样, 一个人的 住 房 也 是 如 此 。 ”