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1、英语写作考试部分 . Gone up increased set up established Put up with tolerate looking into investigating Figure out determine put into practice implement Come up with developed make up constitute Get rid of eliminate keep up maintain Gone down decrease thinking considering . Structure of Data Commentary Data

2、 commentaries usually has these elements in the following order. 1. location elements and/or summary statements 2. highlighting statements 3. discussions of implications,problems,exceptions,recommendations,or other interesting aspects of the data .信息性摘要 比较流行的信息性摘要架构有: ObjectiveMethodologyResultsConc

3、lusions 客体 方法 结果 结论 BackgroundPurpose and aimMethodsResultsConclusions 背景 目的和目标 方法 结果 结论 Background+purposeMethodologyResultConclusion 背景 +目的 方法 结果 结论 .Lecture 7 exercises Section One The following paragraph is extracted from articles submitted to a journal. Obviously it is a poor introductory parag

4、raph. Please revise them. (1) In this paper, in view of the randomness uncertainty and fuzziness uncertainty of meteorological parameters(气象参数 ) in ice disaster weather, we established a wind and ice loading risk analysis model, and proposed a fuzzy risk predictive method. This paper aims to build b

5、asic model of risk assessment and provide warning information of the loading line to operator. Key To build a basic risk assessment model and to provide warning information of the loading line for operators, we established a wind and ice loading risk analysis model, and proposed a fuzzy risk predica

6、tive method based on the randomness uncertainty and fuzziness uncertainty of meteorological parameters in ice disaster weather. Section Two (1)这种新方法具有效率高、容易调整的优点。 【 Incorrect】 This kind of new method have the advantage of high efficiency, easy adjustment. 【 Correct】 This new method has the advantage

7、s of high efficiency and easy adjustment. (2)【汉语原句】本文首先讨论了这种信号的特点,然后讨论了它的产生。 【 Incorrect】 This paper first discusses the features of this signal, and then its generation is described. 【 Correct】 This paper first discusses the features of this signal, and then describes its generation. 3)【汉语原句】这台设备的特

8、点是操作简便,价格低廉。 【 Incorrect】 The features of this device are easy in operation and low in price. 【 Correct】 The features of this device are easy operation and low price.或 The device features easy operation and low price. (4)【汉语原句】强调指出了光强随圆柱体直径变化的正弦规律 . 【 Incorrect】 The sine law of the variance of the l

9、ight intensity brought due to the variance of the cylinder diameter has been pointed out emphatically. 【 Correct】 The sine law of the variation of the light intensity with the cylinder diameter has been emphasized. 5)【汉语原句】我们的方法与以前讨论同一问题的文章中所述的不同。 【 Incorrect】 Our method is different from previous a

10、rticles discussed the same problem. 【 Correct】 Our method is different from those presented (described) in the paper available (published before) on (discussing) the same problem. (6)【汉语原句】只有通过对该系统性能的研究,我们才能了解它的优点。 【 Incorrect】 Only through studied the performance of the system, its advantages can b

11、e understood. 【 Correct】 Only through the study of the performance of the system, can we understand (appreciate) its advantages. (7)【汉语原句】本文对提高打印速度和印字质量提供了一种机辅设计手段。 【 Incorrect】 This paper provided a kind of means of computer aid design for progressing the printing speed and the printing quality. 【

12、Correct】 This paper presents a CAD method for increasing the printing speed and improving the printing quality. (8)【汉语原句】同时给出了三轴稳定跟踪器的数学描述及全补偿条件。 【 Incorrect】 The mathematical description and the full-compensation conditions of the 3-axes steady-tracking principle are also given. 【 Correct】 The math

13、ematical description of and the full-compensation conditions for the 3-axis steady-tracking principle are also given . (9)【汉语原句】文中比较了 STM 和 ATM,表明 ATM 将是 BISDN 的基础。 【 Incorrect】 STM and ATM are compared. It shows that ATM should be the ground of BISDN . 【 Correct】 A comparison of STM with (and) ATM

14、(或 A comparison between STM and ATM) is made, which shows that ATM will be the basis of BISDN. (10)【汉语原句】对构件的承载能力作了具体的分析。 【 Incorrect】 The detailed analysis of the ability of bearing loads of the components is given. 【 Correct】 A detailed (concrete) analysis of the ability of the components to carry

15、 loads is made. (11).这个方法需要精确的定位,这使得它的实现具有一定的难度。 【 Incorrect】 This method requires accurate location and this makes its realization have a little difficulty. 【 Correct】 This method requires accurate location, which makes (thus making) its realization somewhat difficult. (12)对 A 的识别和对 B 的确定是使用这一方法的先决

16、条件。 【 Incorrect】 The recognition of A and determining B are the prerequisite for the use of this method. 【 Correct】 The recognition of A and the determination of B are the prerequisites for the use of this method. 13. 最后提出了实现这种方法应注意的一些问题和解决方法。 【 Incorrect】 At last, we provided some problems that cou

17、ld be noted in implementing this method and solving ways. 【 Correct】 Finally, some problems that deserve to be noted in implementing this method and their solution are presented. (14) 由于缺陷的存在,构件的疲劳寿命将大大降低。 【 Incorrect】 Because of the existing of the defect, the fatigue life of the components will de

18、crease very much. 【 Correct】 Because of (Due to) the existence of the defect, the fatigue life of the components will be decreased (shortened) greatly. (15) 导出了一个计算电荷分布的简单公式,最后举了若干例子。 【 Incorrect】 A simple formula to calculate the charge distribution is derived and some examples are given in the end

19、. 【 Correct】 A simple formula for calculating the charge distribution is derived and finally some examples are given. (16) 并讨论了这一方法与扫描法相比的优点。 【 Incorrect】 As compared with the scanning method, the advantages of this method has discussed also. 【 Correct】 The advantages of this method over the scannin

20、g method have also been discussed. (17) 已知常数 K,就能算出 C来。 【 Incorrect】 Giving the constant K, C can be calculated. 【 Correct】 Given (Knowing) the constant K, one (we) can calculate C. (18) 锡的熔点没有铅的高。 【 Incorrect】 Tin does not have a melting point as high as lead does. 【 Correct】 Tin does not have as h

21、igh a melting point as lead does. (19) 这台新设计的仪器质量很好。 【 Incorrect】 This new designed instrument is in good quality . 【 Correct】 This newly designed instrument is good in quality. (20) 这台转动的机器将在一二分钟后自动停下来。 【 Incorrect】 This running machine will stop of itself after one minute or two. 【 Correct】 This r

22、unning machine will stop of itself in one or two minutes (in a minute or two). (21) 在这种情况下,输入不会下降,输出也不会下降。 【 Incorrect】 In this case, the input does not fall; the output does not fall, too. 【 Correct】 In this case, the input does not fall, neither (nor) does the output. (22) 导体的电阻不仅取决于制成导体的材料,而且也取决于

23、导体的尺寸和温度。 【 Incorrect】 The resistance of a conductor not only depends on the material with which the conductor is made, but also on the size and temperature of the conductor. 【 Correct】 The resistance of a conductor depends not only on the material of which the conductor is made, but also on the siz

24、e and temperature of the conductor. 23) 在 10 月 8 日早上又发射了一颗通信卫星。 【 Incorrect】 Another comsat has been launched in the morning of the 8th of October. 【 Correct】 Another comsat was launched on the morning of the 8th of October. (24) 这个问题有待解决。 【 Incorrect】 This problem waits to solve. 【 Correct】 This pr

25、oblem remains to be solved. (25) 这个电荷与存在的其他电荷互相作用。 【 Incorrect】 This charge interacts with other present charges. 【 Correct】 This charge interacts with other charges present. 26) 现有的教科书没有提到这一点。 【 Incorrect】 The now existed textbooks do not make mention of this point. 【 Correct】 The existing textbook

26、s(或 The textbooks available) have make no mention of this point. (27) X 的所有值均不能满足这一方程。 【 Incorrect】 All values of x cant satisfy this equation. 【 Correct】 No values of x (或 None of the values of x) can satisfy this equation. (28) 这个电压几乎是测不出的。 【 Incorrect】 This voltage almost can not be measured. 【 C

27、orrect】 This voltage can hardly be measured. (29) 铜的导电率比铁高。 【 Incorrect】 The conductivity of copper is higher than iron. 【 Correct】 The conductivity of copper is higher than that of iron. (30) 在这个实验室中,这台仪器比其他的灵敏。 【 Incorrect】 In this laboratory, this instrument is more sensitive than any one. 【 Corr

28、ect】 In this laboratory, this instrument is more sensitive than any other one(any one else). (31) 这本书的序言写的很好。 【 Incorrect】 The preface of this book was well written. 【 Correct】 The preface to this book is well written. (32) 波能绕其通道上的障碍物的边缘弯曲行进,这一特性成称为绕射。 【 Incorrect】 Waves are able to bend around the

29、 edge of an obstacle in their path, this property is called diffraction. 【 Correct】Waves are able to bend around the edge of an obstacle in their path, a property called diffraction. (33) 这条曲线显示了该电路中的电流随外加电压的变化情况。 【 Incorrect】 The curve shows the situation of the current in the circuit varying with

30、the applied voltage. 【 Correct】 The curve shows the variation of the current in the circuit with the applied voltage. (34) 其他类型的电动机也广泛地用在工业上。 【 Incorrect】 Other types of the electric motor also are widely used in industry. 【 Correct】 Other types of electric motor are also widely used in industry. (3

31、5) 直到发明了显微镜后对细菌的真正研究才成为可能。 【 Incorrect】Until the invention of the microscope the real study of bacteria became possible. 【 Correct】 Not until the invention of the microscope did the real study of bacteria become possible. (36) 必须了解这种材料是否能经受住这么大的力。 【 Incorrect】 It is necessary to know if this materia

32、l can stand a so large force or not. 【 Correct】 It is necessary to know whether this material can stand so large a force or not. (37) 两小时后该机器会自动地再次启动。 【 Incorrect】 The machine will automatically start to operate again two hours later. 【 Correct】 The machine will automatically start to operate again

33、in two hours. (38) 该实验室从八点钟开始的。 【 Incorrect】 The experiment began from eight oclock. 【 Correct】 The experiment began at eight oclock .Paraphrase Exercises (课后练习部分) Paraphrased Version Orwell believed that totalitarian societies must suppress literature and free expression because they cannot survive

34、 the truth, and thus they claim it does not exist. (1) Deep waters that were once off limits to oil explores are suddenly accessible, partly because of advances in floating rigs. 以前开发不了的深海海域现在也能够涉足,部分原因是由于浮式钻机技术的进步。 Paraphrasea. Deep water exploring oil had once been impossible before, but now it be

35、comes practicable in part because the floating rigs have developed much. b. Oil explorers are now suddenly able to operate in deep waters where they couldn t get to, in part because there are developments in floating rigs. (2) A liver cell has a different job from a blood cell and proteins to match.

36、肝细胞与血液细胞分工不同,而且与之匹配的蛋白质也不同。 ParaphraseA liver cell plays a different role compared with a blood cell and the proteins inside a liver cell are different from those inside a blood cell. (3) This suggests that there is a great deal of plasticity in the growing embryo that still allows it to develop suc

37、cessfully even when a significant proportion of its genes are malfunctioning. 这表明胚胎在生长发育过程中有较大的可塑性,即使大部分基因发生突变,仍能成功发育。 ParaphraseIt can be concluded from the cloning studies that the growing embryo bears a lot of plasticity which enables it to develop successfully even under the condition that there

38、 are a great proportion of malfunctioning genes. 课本上作业练习中的长句子,直接写的答案,共 5 个 (1).According to Jacques Cousteau, the activity of people in Antarctica is jeopardizing a delicate natural mechanism that controls the earths climate. He fears that human activity could interfere with the balance between the

39、sun, the source of the earths heat, and the important source of cold from Antarctic waters that flow north and cool the oceans and atmosphere (“Captain Cousteau“ 17). (2). During the twenties lawlessness and social nonconformity prevailed. In cities organized crime flourished without police interfer

40、ence, and in spite of nationwide prohibition of liquor sales, anyone who wished to buy a drink knew where to get one. Musicians like Louis Armstrong become favorites, particularly among young people, as many turned away from highly respectable classical music to jazz. One of the best examples of the anti-traditional trend was the proliferation of young “flappers,“ women who rebelled against custom by cutting off

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