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1、2018学年奉贤区调研测试高三英语试卷 (201904)命题人：张伟、范丹华、钟爱群考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写( 非选择题)在答题纸上,做在试卷上律不得分。3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. A
2、t the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question yo
3、u have heard.1. A. At an airport.B. In an office,C. At a police station.D, At a travel agency.2. A. Down jackets are now on sale,B. She cant wait for the winter to arrive.C. Its hard to know how severe the winter will beD. She needs a warm jacket.3. A. Learning to drive. B. Buying the insurance.C. B
4、uying a car D. Taking a plane,4. A. Erie wont eat vegetable without meatB. Eric likes both vegetable and meatC. Some meat will solve Erics problemD. Eric is short of vegetable.5. A. He is invasiveB. He is heroicC. He is life-threateningD He is awkward6. A. Reviews of the comedy are negative. B. The
5、reaction to the comedy is varied.C. The review of the newspaper is one sided. D. Media are prejudiced against the comedy.7. A. Deliver the package in person.B. Pick up the package at the post officeC.Ask to have the package delivered to his homeD. Find out the opening hours of the post office8. A. I
6、t hasnt been graded.B. It received a low grade.C. The committee is discussing itD. The woman hasnt handed it in.9. A. He has been to Seattle many tines. B. He has chaired a lot of conferences.C. He holds a high position in his company. D. He lived in Seattle for many years.10. A. It is too late for
7、the man to go to the theatre.B. People have already been standing in line for two hours.C. The man must wait for two hours to buy the ticket.D. The man can buy a special ticket before the drama starts.Section BDirections: In Scion B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and
8、you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have beard.Questions I1
9、through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They are gardeners. B. They sell vegetables.C. They run a guesthouse: D. They are scientists.12. A. Five hours.B. Eight hours.C. Twelve hours.D. Fourteen hours.13. A. They have deeper roots.B They dont need sunshineC. They have wider leaves.D.They
10、 have bigger flowers.Questions 14 through l6 are based on the following news.14. A. It is produced in small quantities. B. It is sold at a lower priceC. It is served mainly in McDonalds. D. It is grown from cows alone,15. A. The land and the water system have been polluted seriously.B. Not enough me
11、at has been produced to meet peoples needsC. Much land has been used up for animals and their food.D. It has consumed fewer and fewer natural resources16. A. Steaks and hamburgersB. Animal rights.C. The food crisis in the future.D. Lab-grown meat.Questions 17 through 20 are based o0 the following co
12、nversation17. A. He is an Englishman living in Sweden.B. He prefers hot weather to cold weatherC. He visits London nearly every winter.D. He likes Sweden better than England.18. A. The long nightB. The bad weather.C. The gloomy winterD. The cold houses19. A. Delightful. B. Refreshing. C. Painful D.
13、Frustrating20. A. They work hard and play hard,B. They often stay up late reading.C. They like to go comping in summerD. They try to earn more and spend more,II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatica
14、lly correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to Make the Most of Your Lunch HourShould you grab a bite at your desk or eat with your coll That depends on whats on your agenda
15、 for the rest of the day. Lunch hours (21)_(get) shorter and shorter and even disappearing in some parts of todays working world. With fewer employees (22)_ (ask) to accomplish more in a day, many Americans treat lunch not as a break but as just another task to squeeze into an already over-booked da
16、y.But do quick meals at the desk actually improve productivity over more leisurely meals?The researchers only studied 32 employees, so the findings are debatable. But when they assigned one group to eat at their desks and another to dine with a colleague at a restaurant, they found those who ate lun
17、ch together showed a decline (23)_ their performance on tests hatmeasured concentration, memory and the ability to catch errors and read emotions in facial expressions following lunch than before lunch. Both groups ate the same meals, but those who ate their food alone were only given 20 minutes to
18、consume their food, (24)_ the paired participants were allowed one hour in the restaurant. Those who ate alone did not have as large a drop in their cognitive processing as those who ate in the restaurant. What was responsible for the change? There were too many variables at play to determine which
19、had the strongest influence on cognitive control-was it the companionship or the restaurant environment (25)_ other dinners were present, music was played and the meal was served by wait staff, or was it the longer time to enjoy the meal?(26)_ factor was responsible, the group that took a restaurant
20、 lunch break came back more relaxed, say the authors, and that likely affected their cognitive sharpness. Sharing a meal outside the office with a fiend appears to have a (27)_ (calm) effect, and while it reduces intellectual skills, it may develop social harmony and teamwork, which (28) _ be an imp
21、ortant feature of some work tasks.But dont feel sorry for the lone hunger. It turns out (29)_ since they were able to maintain their cognitive skills following the meal, they might be in a better position (30)_ (think) creatively for projects that require more innovative solutions or approaches.Sect
22、ion BDirection: Fill in each blank with, a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. involvingB. distinguishC. adaptedF. gainsG. partiallyH. amazingD. tailoredE. mediumI. definitelyJ. steerK. implicationsGenes That Make You Sm
23、arterThe contributions genes make to intelligence increase as children grow older. This goes against the idea most people hold that as we age, environmental influences gradually overpower the genetic legacy (财产) we are born with and may have (31)_ for education “People assume the genetic influence g
24、oes down with age because the environmental differences between people pile up in life, says Robert Plomin. “What we found was quite (32)_and goes in the other direction.”Previous studies have shown variations in intelligence are (33)_ due to genetics. To find out whether this genetic contribution v
25、aries with age, Plomins team gathered data from six separate studies carried out in 4 countries, (34)_ a total of 1100 pairs of twins. The researchers tested twins on reasoning, arithmetics etc. to measure a quantity called G. Each study also included both identical twins, with the same genes, and f
26、raternal twins (异卵双生), sharing about half their genes, making it possible to (35)_ the contributions of genes and environment to their G scores.Plomins team calculated in childhood, genes account for about 41 percent of the variations in intelligence. In adolescence, this rose to 55 percent;, by you
27、ng adolescence, it was 66 percentNO one (36)_ knows why the influence from genes should increase with age, but Plomin suggests that as children get older, they become better at handling their environment tosuit their genetic needs, and says “kids with with high G will use their environment to develo
28、p cognitive ability and choose friends who are like-minded. Children with (37)_ to low G may choose less challenging pastimes and activities, further emphasizing their genetic legacy. Is there any way to interfere with the pattern? Perhaps. The evidence of strong heritability (遗传可能性) doesnt mean tha
29、t there is nothing you can do about it. says Susanne Jaeggi, “from our own work, the ones that started off with lower IQ scores had higher (38)_ training. Plomin suggests genetic differences may be more emphasized if all children share an identical curriculum instead of it being (39)_ to childrens n
30、atural abilities. My tendency would be to give everyone a good education, but put more effort into the lower end. he says. Intelligence researchers Paul Thompson agrees: It shows. that educators need to (40)_ ads towards things drawing out their natural talents. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirecti
31、on: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many re searchers broadly agree thatpub1icaccess to raw data wou
32、ld promote science, most are (41)_ to post the results of their own labours online.Some communities have agreed to share online-geneticists, for ex ample, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository (库). and astronomers are accustomed to (42)_ images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digit
33、al Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects-but these remain the (43)_ not the rule. Historically, scientists have (44)_ sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work, until recently, good databases did not exist: grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been diff
34、icult to agree on standards for formatting data, and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data. But the (45)_ are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data (46)_.Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report
35、that scientists need to. (47)_ a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information. and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared online in ways that were not possible before. T
36、o match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products (48)_ and enable other researchers to discover and cite (引用) them.Although calls to share data often concentrate on the (49)_ advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely beneficial to others. R
37、esearchers who share get plenty of personal benefits including more connections with colleagues. improved (50)_ and increased citations. The most successful sharers- those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often-getnoticed, and their work gets used. (51)_ one of the most popular data sets
38、 on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world: it has been (52)_ 5700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate -change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for in formation on differ
39、ent grades of trees. Id much prefer to have my date used by the (53)_ number of people to as their own questions, she says.Its important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be (54)_. Even people whose data are
40、less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and 1abel files so others can understand them, scientists can become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding (55)_later on.41.A. restrictedB. reluctantC. desperateD. generous42.A. accessingB. processingC. analyzingD.
41、identifying43.A. assumptionB. mysteryC. exceptionD. phenomenon44.A. longed forB. appealed toC. focused onD. objected to45.A. symptoms B. barriers C. advantagesD. consequences46.A. controllable B. uniqueC. reliableD. public47.A. shift away fromB. end up with C. give rise toD. build up48.A. secretB. d
42、igitallyC. ethically D. fairly49.A. materia1B. individualC. moralD. economic50.A. visibilityB. awarenessC. conditionD. confidence51.A. On the contraryB.As a resultC. For exampleD. After all52.A. downloadedB. updatedC. optimizedD. addressed53.A. moderateB maximumC. averageD. estimated54.A. reversible
43、B. profitableC. reproducibleD. recognizable55.A. crissB. confusionC. riskD. conflict Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits
44、best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AIt was 1961 and I was in the fifth grade. My marks n school were miserable and, the thing was, 1 didnt know enough to really care. My older brother and I lived with Mom in a humble house in Detroit. We watched TV every night.
45、But one day Mom changed our world forever. She turned off the TV. Our mother had only been able to get through third grade. But, she was much brighter and smarter than we boys know at the time. She had noticed something in the suburban houses she cleaned-books. So she came home one day, snapped of t
46、he TV, sat us down and explained that her sons were going to make something of themselves, . You boys are going to read two books every week, she said. And youre going to write a report on what you read.We complained about how unfair it was. Besides, we didnt have any books in the house other than M
47、om s Bible. But she explained that we would go where the books were: Ill drive you to the library.So pretty soon there were these two peevish boys sitting in her white 1959 Oldsmobile on their way to Detroit Public Library. I wandered reluctantly among the childrens books. I loved animals, so when I saw some books that seemed to be about animals, I started leafing through them.The first book I read cl