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初中英语语法——主谓一致
一、主谓一致：主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。
主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语 法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用 复数形式。
例如：Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on the playground.
他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2. 意义一致原则：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。
例如： My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.
这本书 20 美元太贵了。
3. 就近一致原则：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。
例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.
不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且 他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk.
课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、 主谓一致常考题型：
1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词做主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)做主语， 谓语用复数形式。
2. many a+单数名词做主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。
例如： Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
3. more than one+单数名词做主语，谓语用单数。
例如： More than one student has ever been to Beijing.
不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语做主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。
例如： Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0 英镑并不太重。
Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0 英里并不是一段很长的距离。
Five minus four is one. 5 减 4 等于 1。
5. 主语是 each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。
例如： Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。
6. one and a half+复数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如： One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。
7. 动词不定式，动名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：To see is to believe 眼见为实。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
8. a/an+单数名词+or two 做主语，谓语动词用单数。
例如：A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。
9. 当主语部分含有 with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like 等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如： Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
10. 由 and 连接的两个单数名词做主语时，一般用复数形式，但 and 所连接的并列主语是同一个人、事物或概念时，谓语动词用单数。
这两种情况区分如下： a/the+单数名词+and+ 单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；
a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。
例如：The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
11. people, police 等集体名词做主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family, class, group, team 等集体名词做主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。
例如：People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。
His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。
My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing 做主语，谓语动词用单数，
例如：Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？
Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。
Nobody was in. 没有人在家。
13. each, either, neither, another, the other 做主语，谓语动词用单数。
例如：Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。
14. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如 news, maths, physics 等， 例如： No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 No Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
15. 由 both…and… 连接两个单数名词做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
由 or, either…or…，neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词做主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。
例如：Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。
Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是汤姆就是杰克错了。
Either this one or that one is ok. 这一个或那一个都行。
16. a number of+复数名词做主语，谓语动词用复数；
the number of +复数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。
例如：A number of famous people were invited to party.
许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。
The number of the students is over eight hundred. 我们学校的学生数超过 800人。
17. 当 kind of, pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语与 kind, pair, glass 等一致。
例如：This pair of shoes is Tom’s. 这双鞋是汤姆的。
There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌上有两杯水。
18. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。
例如：The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. 穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快乐。 The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。
19. 以 here，there 开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。
例如：There is a book and three pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书，三只钢笔。
Here are some books and paper for you. 这是给你的书和纸。
三、 初中英语“主谓一致”难点误区：
误区一 误认主语
1. 倒装句 ①Between the two buildings are a big tree. （）
②Between the two buildings is a big tree. （√）
【解析】 第①句谓语动词使用 are，错误地认为 the two buildings 是该句的主语，但实
际上是介词 between 的宾语，一起构成介词短语，而介词短语不能充当主语。该句是一个倒装句，真正主语是 a big tree。因此第②句正确。
特别提醒：倒装句的常见结构：副词/介词短语+谓语+主语
2. 主语之后带有介词短语 ①The fruit like apples, oranges are good for our health. （） ②The fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health. （√）
【解析】 第①句误认为 apples , oranges 是主语，因此谓语动词用 are，而实际上 the fruit 才是该句的主语，like apples , oranges 是介词短语作后置定语修饰 the fruit。该句译为“像苹 果、桔子之类的水果对我们的身体是有好处的”。因此第②句是正确的。
特别提醒：类似的结构有：主语+with / like / except / but / together with / as well as . . . ， 谓语动词应与主语一致，而与介词短语之后的名词无关。
3. one of . . . + 名词复数或复数代词
①There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. （）
②There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. （√）
【解析】 one of the boys 的中心词是 one，因此谓语动词用单数，造成第①句错误的原因主要是把 the boys 当成了该句的主语。
4. 定语从句 ①I like the photos which was taken in Beijing. （）
②I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. （√）
【解析】 which were taken in Beijing 是一个定语从句，用于修饰先行词 the photos，而 which 本身就代替先行词 the photos。因此谓语动词要用复数，造成第①句错误的原因是没有弄清楚关系词 which 的实质，只是从形式上看它是单数。
特别提醒：定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。
误区二 被主语的表象迷惑
1. 看似复数却表单数概念
①Maths are my favorite subject. （）
②Math is my favorite subject. （√）
【解析】 maths 本身是一个以“s”结尾的单词，而不是一个复数名词，表示单数概念“数学”这一学科，因此第②句正确。类似的有：physics , news , politics . . .
2. 看似单数却表复数概念
①The police is searching for the robbers. （）
②The police are searching for the robbers. （√）
【解析】 the police 译为“警方”，表示复数概念，而不是表示“那个警察”，因此第②句 正确，类似的词有：people , the + 形容词，the + 姓 + family 等均表复数概念。
3. 名词的单复数同形
①There are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? （）
②There is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? （√）
【解析】 sheep 是一个单复数形式相同的名词，由于 sheep 之前用的 a little 修饰，加 上 Can you see it 中的 it 指代单数，因此 a little sheep 译为“一只小绵羊”，因此第②句正确。 如果将原题改为： There ________ （be） a few sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see them? 那又会怎么样呢。
特别提醒：类似的单复数形式相同的词还有 fish, Chinese, Japanese 等，要根据句子的含义和结构暗示来判断其单复数。
4. 集合名词
①Their family is very happy. Now their family is watching TV. （）
②Their family is very happy. Now their family are watching TV. （√）
【解析】 family 是一个集合名词，表示整体概念时谓语用单数，表示个体概念时谓语用复数。该句译为“他们全家很幸福，现在全家人正在看电视”。因此第一个 family 表示整体概念，译为“家庭”，第二个 family 表示个体概念，译为“家人”，第②句正确。
特别提醒：类似的还有 group, class, team 等既可表单数也可表复数。
误区三 误用语言规则
1. 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词做主语
①Ten years are quite a long time. （）
②Ten years is quite a long time. （√）
【解析】表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词的复数做主语时看作一个整体，谓语动词要用单数，容易错误理解为复数而出现第①句的错误。
2. 由 and 连接的并列主语
①The twentieth lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. （）
②The twentieth lesson and last lesson is very easy for students. （√）
【解析】 the twentieth lesson and last lesson 是表示同一概念，译为“第 20 课即最后一课”，因此谓语动词应该用单数。同学们容易错误理解“第 20 课和最后一课”，如果表示两课， 应该表达为“the twentieth lesson and the last lesson”。
特别提醒：由 and 连接的并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，表示不同的概念 时谓语动词用复数。
3. 就近原则
① Neither you nor he have been to Beijing. （）
② Neither you nor he has been to Beijing. （√）
【解析】 neither . . . nor 连接的并列主语（you , he）虽然表示两个人，但根据语言规则，当它连接并列主语的时候，谓语动词根据就近原则，该由 he 决定，因此第②句正确。
特别提醒：类似的还有 either . . . or, not only . . . but also, not . . . but, 以及 there be 之后的 并列主语，谓语动词的确定都根据“就近原则”。
4. this kind of, a piece of, this pair of 等短语做主语
①This pair of trousers are very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. （）
②This pair of trousers is very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. （√）
【解析】 trousers 做主语时，谓语动词用复数，但当它被 this pair of 修饰时谓语动词由 pair 的单复数确定。因此第②句正确。
特别提醒：this kind of, a piece of, a bag of, a box of 等，这类短语做主语时谓语动词的单 复数由这些短语中的名词决定，而与它们所修饰的名词无关。
5. the rest of，half of 等短语做主语
①Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it are very difficult. （） ②Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it is very difficult. （√）
【解析】 根据句意和句子结构可以判断 the rest of it 中的 it，指 the work，而 work 是不可数名词，因此第②句正确。
特别提醒 all of, most of, half of, the rest of，以及 a lot of, some, any+名词做主语时，要根据后面的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。
6. 一句话提示：
①合成不定代词（如 something，anybody 等）做主语，谓语动词用单数；
②动名词、不定式、从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数；
③a number of + 名词（复）做主语，谓语用复数，the number of + 名词（复）做主语，谓语用单数；
④none of . . . 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。
主谓一致精练（一） ：
1. Either Jane or Steven ______ watching TV now.
A. were B. is C. was D. are
2. Two days ____enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.
A. isn’t B. is C. aren’t D. are
3. —How many lessons do you usually have a day?
—Six lessons a day. And each of them __ 45 minutes.
A. last B. lasts C. have D. are
4. Neither Liping nor I __________ a basketball player.
A. am B. is C. be D. are
5. There _______ many new words in Lesson One, It is very easy.
A. is B. aren’t C. isn’t D. are
6. The number of the students in our school _______1200.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
7. Maths __________ my favorite subject.
A. be B. is C. am D. are
8. The boy with the two dogs __________ when the earthquake rocked the city.
A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are asleep
9. Every one except Tom and John ___ there when the meeting began.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
10. That place is not interesting at all, ___ of us wants to go there.
A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some
11. Nobody but Jane __________ the secret.
A. know B. knows C. have known D. is
12. —What’s on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it? —There ____ some eggs and cakes on it.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
13. This pair of glasses __________ mine.
A. are B. be C. is D. will be
14. Both Lily and Lucy __________ to the party yesterday.
A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were inverted
15. —Two months _____ quite a long time.
—Yes, I’m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
16. In the city the old ______.
A. take good care of B. are taken good care of
C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of
17. His family ______ all very kind and friendly, His family _____ a happy one.
A. are, is B. is, is C. are, are D. is, are
18. The singer and the dancer ______ come to Beijing.
A. has B. have C. Are D. is
19. The children in this class each _____ a new school bag.
A. have B. has C. has got D. are having
20. All but one __________ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
参考答案：1—5 BABAB 2—10 ABCDA 11—15 BBCBA 16—20 BABAD
主谓一致精练（二） ：
1. The news _____ very worth listening to.
A. be B. is C. are D. am
2. —_____ this pair of glasses yours?—No. My glasses _____ on the desk.
A. Is, is B. Are, is C. Is, are D. Are, are
3. The old _____ taken good care of in China now.
A. was B. are C. is D. were
4. Nobody except the twins ___ to Hong Kong before.
A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone
5．The writer and teacher _____ coming now．
A．is B．are C．has D．have
6．His family _______ a large one．The whole family _______ watching TV．
A．is，is B．are，are C．are，is D．is，are ．
7．Each student and each teacher _______ to see the film．
A．go B．wish C．are D．wants
8．None of that money on the table ____ mine．
A．is B．are C．been D．were
9．All _______ done now．
A．have B．has C．has been D．have been
10．This pair of shoes _______ for my father．
A．is B．are C．buy D．get
11．There _______ a desk，two beds and four chairs in the room．
A．is B．are C．has D．have
12．Nothing but grass and trees _______ the hill．
A．covers B．cover C．covering D．is covering
13．The box of rubbers _______ white．
A．is B．are C．be D．were
14． _______ he or you to come home？
A．Is B．Are C．Will D．Can
15．No book and no pen _____ in the bag．
A．is B．are C．has D．have
答案及解释： 1．B 4．B。5．A。6．D。7．D。8．A。9．C。11．A。12．A。13．A。14．A。15．A。
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