医学英语词根词缀全套汇编.doc

*- 医学英语词根词缀 Suffix Meaning Example -ac pertaining to 属于，关于 cardiac: pertaining to the heart 心脏（病）的 -al pertaining to medical: pertaining to medicine -ar pertaining to molecular: pertaining to a molecule 分子的 -ary pertaining to belonging to ciliary: pertaining to the cilia 睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的 -ase enzyme 酶 amylase: any enzyme that converts starch to sugar 淀粉酶 -cle smallness 小,少,贫乏,小气 follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac 小囊,(头发的)毛囊 -e an instrument 仪器 auriscope: an instrument for examining the ear (检查耳朵用的)耳镜 -eal pertaining to laryngeal: pertaining to the larynx 喉的, 喉音的 -ia condition; quality phobia: abnormal fear 恐惧，害怕 -ic pertaining to toxic: pertaining to toxin 有毒的；因中毒引起的 -ics study of; name of a science paediatrics: study of children, their development and diseases 儿科学 -ine/in substance 物质 insulin：substance (hormone) produced by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas 胰岛素 -ism process or condition alcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol which becomes addictive 酒精中毒 -ist one who specializes in 精通于……的人 pharmacologist: a doctor who specializes in the study of drugs 药理专家 -itis inflammation refers to a part in ……部位的炎症 rhinitis: inflammation of the nasal passages 鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎 -(i)um relation to a whole; related to 与……相关 endometrium: inner lining of the uter子宫内膜 -ive characterizes by antitussive: a drug that suppresses coughing 止咳药 -let tiny; small droplet: a tiny drop 小滴 -ment the result or product of an action development: thing which develops or is being developed; action of becoming mature -oid resembling; like 像 mucoid: resembling mucus 粘液样的 -ole little; small centriole: the small dense structure in the middle of the centrosome 细胞中心粒；中心体 -oma tumor; swelling refers to a doer dermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the skin 皮肤纤维瘤 -or/-er either a person or thing receptor: a sensory nerve ending that responds to various stimuli感受器，受体 -ory characterized by; pertaining to suspensory: which is hanging down 悬吊式，悬带 -ose sugar fructose: fruits sugar found in honey and some fruit 果糖 -osis abnormal condition onychocryptosis: abnormal condition of a hidden nail 嵌甲 -ous pertaining to poisonous: pertaining to poison; also containing poison 有毒的，分泌毒素的 -somes bodies ribosome: the body of nucleic acid核糖体 -um structure; thing; substance 结构，物质 magnesium: a white metallic chemical substance 镁（金属元素） -y condition; act; process dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism 营养不良 The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixes Suffix Meaning Example -algia pain; painful; condition arthralgia: pain in a joint 关节痛 --ase enzyme protease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶 -blast embryo胚，胚胎，人类胚胎 hemocytoblast: blast cell 血胚细胞，原始血细胞 -carcinoma malignant tumor developing from connective tissue 相关组织的恶性肿瘤 adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developing from glandular tissue 腺癌 -cele protrusion; distention突出；膨胀，延伸 esophagocele: abnormal distention of the esophagus 食管突出 -centesis surgical puncture 手术穿孔 paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity for the aspiration of fluid 穿刺术 -capnia carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 acapnia: absence of carbon dioxide 血液二氧化碳缺乏 -cide kill germicide: (substance) which can kill germs 杀菌剂 -clast cell phagocyte:cell, especially a white blood cell, which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌细胞 -dynia pain glossodynia: pain in the tongue 舌痛 -ectasia/ -ectasis expansion; dilation(膨胀，扩张) atelectasis: incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth 肺不张 -ectomy surgical excision or removal of gastrectomy: surgical removal of the stomach胃切除术 -edema excessive accumulation of serous fluid 水肿 myxoedema: condition caused when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone 粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿 -emia blood condition leukemia: any of several malignant diseases where an abnormal number of leucocytes form in the blood 白血病 -emesis vomiting 呕吐 hematemesis: the vomiting of blood 咯血；吐血 -gen something that produced or prouduces pathogen: a microorganism or agent capable of producing disease 病菌，病原体 -genesis production 生产 spermatogenesis: formation and development of spermatozoa in the testes精子发生 -globin protein蛋白质 hemoglobin: an iron-containing protein produced by erythrocytes 血红素 -gnosis knowledge diagnosis: the process of identifying the nature or presence of a disease through knowledge and examination -gram image; picture electrocardiogram: a graphic record of the electrical activity of heart muscle or heartbeat used in the diagnosis of heart disease. Abbr. ECG and EKG. Syn. cardiogram 心电图 -graph(y) process of recording 记录过程 electocardiography: the process of making or recording electrocardiograms. Syn. cardiography 心电图记录 -iasis condition; state 情况，状况 cholelithiasis: the formation of gallstones 胆石症 -iatry/ -iatrics healing, frequently refers to a branch of medicine 康复，常指医学的一个分支 podiatry: treatment of foot disorders 足部医疗 -lith stone cholelith: a gallstone; a stone formed in the gallbladder 胆结石 -logy the study of cytology: the science study of cells 细胞学 -logist one who studies and treats urologist: a physician who specializes in the practice of urology 泌尿科医生 -lysis breakdown, destruction hemolysis: the destruction or breakdown of red blood cells with release of hemoglobin溶血 -malacia softening osteomalacia: softening of bone 骨软化 -mania extreme compulsion or preoccupation强迫症 kleptomania: a morbid, uncontrollable compulsion to steal 盗窃癖 -megaly giant acromegaly: a condition in which there is an enlargement of the facial bones as well as those of the lungs 肢端肥大症 -metry/ -meter measurement spirometry: measurement of the volume of air inhaled and exhaled or the air capacity of the lungs肺(活)量测定(法),呼吸量测定(法) -odynia pain cardiodynia: pain in the heart region 心痛，胸痛 -one hormone荷尔蒙，激素 parathormone: which regulates calcium balance among the blood, bones, and teeth甲状旁腺激素 -opia a defect in the eye眼睛的毛病 myopia: being short-sighted 近视 -opsy to view biopsy: excision of live tissue for microscopic diagnosis活检 -osis morbid condition病态的 sclerosis: abnormal hardening 硬化症 -osmia smell anosmia: loss of the sense of smell嗅觉丧失 -ostomy process of making an opening into or a connection between 造瘘 gastrostomy: surgical construction of an opening from the surface of the abdomen into the stomach胃造口术 -oxia level of oxygen氧水平 hypoxia: a low oxygen level or a lack of oxygen in body tissues组织缺氧 -pathy disease; diseased condition ophthalmopathy: any eye disease眼病 -penia deficiency leukopenia: deficiency of leukocytes in the blood. Syn. leukocytopenia白细胞减少症 -pepsia digestion eupepsia: good digestion 消化良好 --pexy a fixing or setting firmly in place by suturing 缝合固定 hepatopexy: surgical fixation of a displace liver肝固定术 -phagia/phagy eating; swallowing 吃，吞咽 dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing吞咽困难 -phil attraction吸引，具有吸引力的事物 basophil: type of leucocyte or white blood cell which contains granules嗜碱性粒细胞 -phobia fear xenophobia: irrational fear of strangers对外国人的恐惧，憎恶 -plasia formation; development hyperplasia: overdevelopment or enlargement of an organ or tissue增生，数量型肥大 -phonia voice dysphonia: difficulty in speaking发声困难 -plasm formation; growth or substance of formation cytoplasm: jelly substance in the cell细胞浆 -plasty surgical repair osteoplasty: surgical repair of the bone骨整形术，骨成形术 --plegia stroke; paralysis 中风 thermoplegia: heat or sunsrtoke热射病 -pnea breathing eupnea: normal breathing呼吸正常，平静呼吸 --ptosis a falling, the dropping or sagging of an organ器官下移 hepatoptosis: abnormally low position of the liver肝下垂 -ptysis spitting分散 melanoptysis: spitting of the spleen黑色痰液;咳黑痰 -poiesis production hemopoiesis: production of blood cells 造血作用，生血作用 -rrhage/ -rrhagia bursting forth of blood 出血 menorrhagia: very heavy bleeding during menstruation 月经过多 -rrhaphy surgical sewing or suturing splenorrhaphy: suture of the spleen脾修补术 -rrhea overflow hydrorrhea: watery discharge液溢 -(o)rrhexis splitting or rupture 撕裂，破裂，疝气 amniorrhexis: rupture of the amniotic ac 羊膜破裂 -sarcoma malignant tumor developing from connective tissue liposarcoma: malignant tumor containing fat 脂肪肉瘤 -schesis a holding back; suppression of discharge阻碍；抑制排放 uroschesis: suppression of urine闭尿，尿潴留 -sclerosis a hardening dermatosclerosis: hardening of the skin硬皮病 -scope instrument for viewing stethoscope: an instrument for performing medicate ausculation听诊器 -scopy process of examining visually hepatoscopy: examination of the liver 肝检查 -spasm involuntary contraction angiospasm: sudden contraction of the muscles in a blood vessel血管痉挛 -stasis suppression; stoppage; control; arrest抑制，中止 hemostasis: the arrest of bleeding 止血，止血法 -stenosis abnormal narrowing of a duct or canal管、道德异常狭窄 laryngostenosis: abnormal narrowing of the larynx 喉狭窄 -stomy surgical opening to the outside of the body造口 colostomy: surgical operation to make an opening from the colon结肠造口术 -tention pressure hypertention: high blood pressure 高血压 -therapy treatment physiotherapy: treatment of disease by physical means物理疗法 --tion process hospitalization: the process of being hosipitalized住院 -tocia labor; birth 生产 embryotocia: abortion 流产 -tome tool for incision arthrotome: instrument for cutting a joint关节刀 -tomy process of cutting into gastrotomy: incision of the stomach 胃切开术 -tropia turning 转弯，变向 esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视 -trophy nourishment or development of an organ器官的营养、发育 dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism营养不良 -uria a condition of the urine（小便） dysuria: difficultly in passing urine 排尿困难 -version turning eversion: a turning outward外翻，翻转 Here is a table of the most commonly used prefixes Prefix Meaning Example a-/an- without; not aphasia: the inability to understand written or spoken words or to speak meaningfully失语症 ab- away from abortion: expulsion from the uterus流产 ad- to; toward; near adnasal: near the nose 近鼻的 acro- a point or tip acronyx: growing into the flesh嵌甲 alb- white albino: a person lacking normal pigmentation白发病者 amb-/ ambi- both ambisexual、bisexual: (person) who is sexually attracted to both males and famales 双性恋 amphi-/ ampho- both; both sides amphicentric: beginning and ending in the same vessel起止同源的血管 ana- up; back again anabolism: process of building up complex chemical substances on the basis of simpler ones 合成代谢 Angio- a blood vessel angioma: benign tumor formed of blood vessel血管瘤 ante- before antenatal: during the period between conception and childbirth 出生前的，怀孕期的 anti- against antidepressant: (drug) used to treat depression抗抑郁剂 audi- hearing; sound audiometry: science of testing hearing听力测定 auto- self autoantibody: antibody formed to attack the body’s own cells自身抗体 bi- two; twice bicellular: two cells两室的 bio- living organisms生命体 biochemistry: chemistry living tissues生物化学 brady- slow bradycardia: slow rate of heart contraction, shown by a slow pulse rate心动过缓 carcin- carcinoma or cancer癌；瘤 carcinogen: a cancer-causing substance致癌物 cata- downwards; under; against; along with cataract: condition where the lens of the eye gradually becomes hard and opaque白内障 centi- one hundredth百分之一 centimeter: unit of measurement of length(=one hundredth of a meter)厘米 co(n)- with or together consanguineous: blood relationship血亲的，血缘的，密切的 contra- against contraception: prevention of pregnancy by using devices or drugs 避孕法，节育法 de- removal or loss decaffeinated: (coffee) with the caffeine removed 脱去咖啡因的 deca- ten decagram: ten grams 十克 deci- tenth deciliter: unit of measurement of liquid(=one tenth of a little)1/10公升 di- two diglossia: a double tongue使用两种语言 dia- through; between; apart; across diathermy: process of (treating) through heat 透热疗法 dis- reversal or separate disintegrate: to come to pieces分解，破裂 dys- bad; difficult; disordered dysarthrosis: deformity or malformation of a joint关节变形 echo- sound echocardiography: ultrasonography of the heart心回波描记，超声心动描记术 ect-/ ecto- outside or outer ecchondroma: benign tumor on the surface of cartilage or bone外生软骨瘤 en- in; within enostosis: benign growth inside a bone内生骨疣 endo- inside endocardium: membrane which lines the heart心内膜 epi- on; over epidermis: outer layer of skin表皮 ery- red erythrocyte: mature non-nucleated red blood cell红细胞 eso- inward; within(向内) esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视 eu- good eugenics: study of how to improve the human race by genetic selection优生学 ex-/ exo- out of exhale: to breath out 呼出 extra- outside extracapsular: outside a capsule囊外的 hemi- half hemiplegia: severe paralysis affecting one side of the body 偏瘫,半身麻痹,半身不遂 hydro- water hydrocele: collection of watery liquid found in a cavity such as the scrotum阴囊积水 hyper- higher or too much hyperglycaemia: excess of glucose in the blood高血糖症 hypo- less or too little hypokalaemia: deficiency of potassium in the blood 低血钾 in- in or into inbreeding: breeding between a closely related male and female 近亲交配 in- not incoherent: not able to speak in a way which makes sense语无伦次 infra- below or beneath infrapatellar: below or beneath the patella髌 inter- between interlobular: between lobules小叶间的 intra- inside intramedullary: inside the bone marrow or spinal cord 髓内 itro- into introvert: person who thinks only about himself and his own mental state性格内向的人 mal- bad or abnormal malfunction: abnormal working of an argan机器等运转失常；失灵；出现故障 meta- changes metaplasia: change of one tissue to another 化生，转化，组织变形 micro- very small microcyte: abnormally small red blood cell小红细胞 mid- middle midcarpal: between the two rows of carpal bones腕骨间的 milli- one thousandth milligram: unit of measurement of weight 毫克 mis- error or wrong miscarriage: spontaneous abortion流产 multi- many multigravida: a woman who is pregnant and has been pregnant at least twice before 经产孕妇 noct- at night nocturia: passing abnormally large quantity of urine when asleep in bed at night夜尿症 nona- nine or the nineth nonagon: flat shape which has nine sides九边形 octa- eight octan: every eight days八日热；每隔八日发一次的 odont- teeth odontology: study of teeth and associated structures, and their disorders onco- tumours oncology: scientific study of new gowths肿瘤学 oro- mouth orolingual: pertaining to the mouth and tongue口与舌的 pachy- thickening pachysomia: condition where soft tissues of the body become abnormally thick躯体肥厚 pali-/ palin- against; pathologic repetition病态的重复 palindromic: (disease) which recurs 复发的，再发的 pan-/pant-/ panto- all pancytopenia: abnormal depression of all the cellular elements of the blodd全血细胞减少症 para- similar to or near; changed or beyond paralyse or paralyze: to weaken (muscles) so that they cannot function使麻痹，使瘫痪 pen-/ penta- five pentosuria: excretion of pentoses in the urine 戊糖尿 per- through percuta