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全新版大学英语综合教程4
Text A课后练习答案
Unit One Fighting with the Forces of Nature
Part II Text A
Vocabulary
1) alliance 2) at the cost of 3) stroke 4) limp
5) minus 6) regions 7) eclarations 8) siege
9) raw 10) bide his time 11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of
2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down 3) is pressing on / pressed on
4) drag on 5) get by 6) dine out
7) have cut back 8) get through
3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.
2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike.
3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.
4) Obviously the reporters question caught the foreign minister off guard.
5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date / obso lete.
4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the
occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.
2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by con stant internal struggle in an organization.
3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.
II. More Synonyms in Context
1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the
most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.
2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.
3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my
words.
4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.
III. Usage
1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.
2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.
3) Its said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work
4) Dont sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.
5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.
6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
1. 1. invasion 2. stand in the way 3.conquest 4. catching... off his guard
5. launching 6. declaration 7. campaign 8. drag on
9. reckon with 10. bringing...to a halt
2. 1. allow 2. reckoned 3. highly 4. forecasts
5. rapidly 6. instant 7. delivery 8. advantage
9. observing 10. powerful
II. Translation
1. 1) Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.
2) We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.
3) Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.
4) Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.
5) Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.
2.
The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The divi sion commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.
Unit Two Smart Cars
Vocabulary I.
1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of
5) hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic
9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuck in 12) approximately
2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on
5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8 ) fall into
3.
1) … incorporates all the latest safety features
2) …two trees ten feet apart
3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm
4) … the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.
5) … are correlated in all racial groups
4.
1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to
2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency
3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazard
II. Word Formation
Clipped Words:
kilo kilogram memo memorandum
gym gymnasium lib liberation
doc doctor vet veterinarian
prep preparatory auto automobile
flu influenza
Blends:
Medicare medical care email electronic mail
comsat communications satellite newscast news broadcast
skyjack sky hijack Eurodollar European dollar
brunch breakfast and lunch telecast television broadcast
Oxbridge Oxford and Cambridge
III. Usage
1. swimming pool 2. drawing board 3. enriched Middle English
4. disturbing change 5. fully developed prototype 6. Canned foods
7. working population 8. puzzling differences
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
1. 1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards
6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease
11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted
15) detect 16) vapor
2. 1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled
5) opportunities 6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent
9) interact 10) fatalities
II. Translation
1. 1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.
2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.
3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.
4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently
5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.
2. Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.
Unit 3 Job Interview
Text Organization
Paragraphs Main Ideas
Paras1- 6 : An ill-prepared college graduate failed his interview.
Paras 7-27: Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee.
Paras 28-31 Make your own tracks in whatever you do.
2. Suggestions
1) Prepare to win. 2) Never stop learning.
3) Believe in yourself, even when no one else does.
4) Find a way to make a difference.
Examples
1) Michael Jordan 2) a 90-year-old tennis player
3) the four-minute mile, the New York Marathon and the Vietnam veteran. 4) a New York cabdriver.
Language Sense Enhancement
1. (1) checked with (2) interview (3) grill (4) clippings (5) be right for
(6) follow up (7) indicating（8）hand-delivered (9) prepared
(10) prospective
Vocabulary
I.
1. 1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference
5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective
9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner
2. 1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for
5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up
3. 1) grilled her about where she had been all night
2) beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King’s palace
3) will be in readers’ hands soon
4) do your homework before going on an interview.
5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.
4. 1）applicants, veteran, the prospective
2）From his standpoint, has made every endeavor to go after
3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barely
II. Words with Multiple Meanings
1. behave 2. used to avoid repetition 3. Clean
4. get along 5. perform/complete 6. perform/complete
7. study 8. be enough 9. be acceptable
III. Usage
1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, I’ll talk about myself first.
2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I have something here for you.
3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?
4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.
5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?
6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
1. (1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) relevant (4) beforehand
(5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond
(9) take a crack (10) from the standpoint
(11) make a difference (12) follow up
2. (1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) done your homework
(4) samples (5) references (6) advice
(7) preparing (8) seriously (9) probably (10) exhibit
II. Translation
1. 1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.
2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.
3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we’ll have the future in our hands.
4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.
5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.
2. Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success. I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don’t have much of a chance of success.
Unit 4
Vocabulary
I. 1.advantageous; let alone; witnessing…vanishing; landmark; entitled; displace;
Established; patriotic…strengthen; contradictions; aspires; divorced; pendulums
2.come to; dozed off; belived in; was set apart; take in; sucks in; clean up; turn away
3. 1) makes no/little difference whether we go there by train or by bus
2) overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car maker
3) at odds with his wife over money matters
4) been at the forefront of nanotechnology research
5) let alone cook a meal
4. a) is increasingly…to accelerate…their investment
b) economy…make an earnest…domestic…strike a balance between
c) a handful of…be endorsed by…on a large scale
II. Word Formation
WTO 世界贸易组织
GDP 国内生产总值
自动出纳机
增值税
Computer-aided design
Information technology 信息技术
International direct dialing
Music television 音乐电视
International Olympic Committee
Very importment person 贵宾，大人物
激光
CPU
III. Usage
1) An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday.
2) The reason (he gave) that he didn’t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory.
3) Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.
4) Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.
Comprehensive Exercises
Cloze
1. academics…networking…a varity of…growth
vanish…facilitate…endorsing…outlook…sweeping aside…patritic…erasing…strike a balance
2. aided…effects
distances…connected…invested…features…prevailing
qualitatively…volume…Distinguishing
Translation
1. 1)Due to his pessimistic outlook on the European economy, John has moved his assets from Europe to elsewhere.
2) Ilike hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committed to work.
3) Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children, Mary cares more about her personal growth.
4) Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues are at odds with you?
5) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries.
2. Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example, young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas to look for jobs. And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises, English has become increasingly important. At the same time, a considerable number of overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent years, for they hold an optimistic outlook for the long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The Internet has strengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere. They follow the lates
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