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1、高一英语暑假专题分词冀教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：暑假专题分词分词既有动词的特征，又有形容词和副词的特征。分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词有一般式和完成式，过去分词没有这种区别。及物动词的现在分词还有主动形式和被动形式的区别。分词常用的形式如表所示以及物动词do 和不及物动词go为例：dogo主动被动现在分词Doingbeing donegoing过去分词/donegone完成式having donehaving been donehaving gone1. 分词作定语 不及物动词的现在分词作定语表达强调动作正在进行，过去分词强调完成；及物动词的现在分词作定语强调主动，过去分词强
2、调被动。分词的完成式一般不作定语。分词作其他成分时，也是如此。分词作定语，单个的分词作定语一般前置；分词词组，个别分词如given, left等，修饰不定代词等的分词，作定语需后置。例如：We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日。He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人。There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里。This is the question given. 这是所给的问题。There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西。分词作定语相当于定语从句，如Most o
3、f the people invited to the party were famous scientists. = Most of the people who were invited to the party were famous scientists.典型例题 1 The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written答案D。书与写
4、作是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语表被动，相当于定语从句 which was written 2Whats the language _ in Germany?A. speakingB. spoken C. be spokenD. to speak答案B。主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。spoken，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为：Whats the language which is spoken in German?2. 分词作状语 分词作状语，可以表示时间，原因，理由，条件，让步，连续等，相当于一个状语
5、从句。例如：Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. 由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了个 。 As I didnt receive any letter from him, I gave him a call. Given more attention，the trees could have grown better. 多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。 If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.典型例题1_ some officials, Napo
6、leon inspected his army. A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed答案B。Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by被跟随。此题可改为：With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.2There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A. foll
7、owed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed答案B。由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。3_, liquids can be changed into gases.A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat答案C。此题要选分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句When it is heated，注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词
8、的动作是主句的主语发出的，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如：Used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。3. 连词+分词短语 有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。 连词有： when，while，if though，after, before, as。但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。例如：While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come
9、 out of the building. 在那儿等时，他看见两个靓妹走出大楼。waiting 和saw 的主语相同4. 分词作补语 通常在感官动词和使役动词之后。例如：I found my car missing.我发现我的车不见了。Ill have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。5. 分词作表语 表示主语的状态等。例如：She looked tired with cooking.她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。He remained standing beside the table.他依然站在桌旁。6. 分词作插入语 分词作插入语的结构是固定的，意思上的主语并
10、不是句子的主语。例如： generally speaking一般说来talking of speaking of 说道 strictly speaking 严格的说judging from 从判断 all things considered 从整体来看taking all things into consideration全面看来 例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。speaking 不是dogs
11、 的动作7. 分词的时态1一般式表示与主语动词同时发生。例如：Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 听到这一消息，他快乐得手舞足蹈。Arriving there, they found the boy dead.一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。典型例题The secretary worked late into the night, _a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing答案B。此处没有连词，不能选D，否那么出现了两个
12、谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。2完成时表示先于主语动词发生。例如：While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。分词作时间状语，如果先于主语动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用having done。Having finished his homework, he went out. 做完作业后，他出去了。 =As he had finished his homework, he went out.典型例题_ a reply, h
13、e decided to write again. A. Not receivingB. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 答案C。此题考查分词的时态与分词的否认式。根据题意判断，分词的动作接信发生在谓语动词的动作决心再写信之前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否认式的构成为not +分词，应选C。该句可理解为：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.8. 分词的语态 1通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。例如：He is
14、the man giving you the money.= who gave you他就是给你钱的那个人。He is the man stopped by the car.= who was stopped by他就是那个被车拦住的人。2不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生，如gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等。例如：a well-read person一个读过许多书的人 a much-traveled man一个去过许多地方的人 a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴【模拟试题】答题时间：150分钟
15、A层次选题：一1. Some students like staying up late into the night, _their lessons for the coming examination. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepare D. was preparing 2. These are the facts _ by the school. A. to gather B. gathering C. gathered D. to be gathered 3. He got his shoes _ yesterday. A. to repair
16、 B. repairing C. being repaired D. repaired 4. When I got home, there was _, so I got angry. A. a little food to leave B. little food left C. a little food leaving D. little food to leave 5. I lived in a house _ by a lot of pine trees. A. surrounding B. to surround C. surrounded D. to be surrounded
17、6. The name of Nebraska comes from an Indian word, _ flat water. A. to mean B. meaning C. it means D. by meaning7. Weather _, we are going swimming. A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. having permitted 8. Its a music group _ itself Wolves. A. calls B. called C. is called D. calling9. The old
18、lady has two sons, _ in a big city. A. live B. to live C. lives D. living10. Among those _ were some classmates of mine. A. invited B. inviting C. to invite D. having been invited11. Is there a student _ Jack in your class? A. called B. calling C. to call D. calls 12. So many people went to watch th
19、e football match, _ some young girls. A. including B. included C. include D. to include 13. I cant understand the letter _ in English. A. written B. write C. writing D. have been written 14. The people _ another country needs passport. A. enters B. enter C. entered D. entering 15. _ deep down in the
20、 earth for thousands of years, the dead forest has rotted away and become coal. A. Buried B. Burying C. Having buried D. Having been buried 16. _ from the moon, the earth looks like a colorful ball. A. Seeing B. Seen C. Having seen D. Having been seen17. The boy sat on the sofa, _ TV program attenti
21、vely. A. watch B. watched C. watching D. to watch18. _ among high trees, the house cant easily be seen. A. Hidden B. Hid C. Hide D. Hiding19. _, Tom is loved by all the people in the village. A. Being an honest man B. Being that he is an honest man C. He is an honest man D. An honest man being 20. C
22、lass _ over, all the students rushed out of the classroom. A. B. is C. was D. having been over A层次选题：二1. Time _, I can have done it better. A. permit B. permitted C. permitting D. to permit2. When _ that it was getting late, I put off the light and went to bed. A. find B. finding C. found D. founded
23、 3. If _ green, the door might look more beautiful. A. paint B. painted C. painting D. to paint 4. Please leave the door _, as its hot here. A. open B. opened C. being opened D. to be opened 5. Some countries in the Southeast Asia are _ countries. A. newly-develop B. newly-developed C. newly-develop
24、ing D. newly-development 6. Everything was out of order in the _ shop. A. robbed B. rob C. robbing D. have robbed 7. This is a _ movie and everyone was _.A. moved, moving B. moved, moved C. moving, moved D. moving, moving8. They are very _ to see her _ face. A. pleasing, smiled B. pleasing, smiling
25、C. pleased, smiled D. pleased, smiling9. The listeners got _ at the _ speech by the famous scientist. A. exciting, excited B. exciting, exciting C. excited, excited D. excited, exciting10. Im very glad to see the problem _ .A. settle B. settled C. being settled D. settling 11. Im sorry to have kept
26、you _ so long a time. A. wait B. to wait C. waited D. waiting12. _ the rain had stopped, he left his raincoat at home. A. Seeing B. To see C. Seen D. See13. Can I help you? I want the letter _ at once.A. typed B. being typed C. type D. typing 14. When he got home, he found his pocket _ open and his
27、wallet _.A. cut, stealing B. cut, stolen C. cutting, stealing D. cutting, stolen15. My father encouraged me in my painting, but never liked to see any of my works _ in public.A. exhibiting B. exhibited C. having exhibited D. being exhibited 16. Thousands of peasants are up into the city _ vegetables
28、, fruit and some other things every day. A. sell B. selling C. sold D. to be selling17. The teacher entered classroom, _ by a group of children. A. having followed B. following C. having been followed D. followed18. The old farmer had his leg _ but he had his tractors _ day and night. A. hurting, wo
29、rking B. hurting, worked C. hurt, working D. hurt, worked 19. Linda cant attend the party _ at Toms house at present because she is preparing a speech for the party _ at Maries house tomorrow. A. being held, to be held B. to be held, held C. held, being held D. to be held, to be held 20. “We must ke
30、ep a secret the things _ here . the general said, at the men charge of the information office. A. discussed, stared B. discuss, staring C. being discussed, stared D. being discussed, staring B层次选题：一1. Please speak more slowly because you dont make yourself _.A. understood B. understand C. to underst
31、and D. understanding 2. The dog ,_, will be made a good match dog. A. to train properly B. training properly C. properly to train D. trained properly 3. Before _ white, the door should be cleaned thoroughly. A. painting B. painted C. being painted D. having been painted 4. The famous actor came out
32、of the theatre, with a great many of his lovers _.A. follow B. to follow C. followed D. following 5. _ all things into consideration, I dare to say it is not the best. A. Taking B. Taken C. Being taken D. To take 6. _ from him for a long time, I had to write him a second letter. A. Hearing not B. No
33、t to hear C. Not being heard D. Not having heard7. He was so tired that he left the difficult work half _, and went back home. A. do B. done C. doing D. to do8. I dont like the lonely house _ to Smith. A. belonged B. belongs C. belong D. belonging9. Were going to talk about the problem _ at the last
34、 meeting. A. was discussed B. discussing C. discussed D. having been discussed10. Does anyone _ Jim lives here? A. call B. called C. calling D. to call11. Among those ships are none _ to us. A. belonged B. to be belonged C. belonging D. belongs12. The girl _ in a colorful skirt looks beautiful. A. d
35、ressed B. dressing C. dresses D. dress 13. If _ in pen instead of in pencil, the letter would be easily to read. A. writing B. having written C. having been written D. written 14. _ a girl had fallen into the river, he got off his coat and jumped into the water. A. Having found B. Having been found
36、C. Finding D. Found15. Having a written examination, _.A. it is necessary that I have to study hard B. I must be hard to study C. it is necessary for me to study hard D. I am forced to study hard 16. Asked about his life in the past, _.A. nobody said nothing B. they did not get an answer from himC.
37、nothing was said by him D. John nodded his head and left the room17. _ from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car. A. Judging B. Judged C. Judges D. Judge 18. They had finished their work, so they went home. This sentence means _, they went home. A. work done B. they finished the
38、ir work C. work to be done D. work having done 19. _ their bad news, he couldnt help from bursting into tears. A. Heard B. Having heard C. Having been heard D. Hearing20. What do you think of the man you saw last night?Generally _ , he is not so good as expected. A. speaking B. spoken C. speak D. sp
39、okeB层次选题：二1. Being a small boy, _.A. my father took me with him to France B. I went with my father to France C. my father went with me to France D. my father took me to France2. Having got home, _.A. my wallet was lost B. I found my wallet missing C. my wallet was missing D. I found the losing book3
40、. _ a longer time, I could have done it better than planned. A. Give B. Having given C. Giving D. Having been given4. My letter, _ to a wrong number, reached me late. A. to have addressed B. being addressedC. having been addressed D. to have been addressed5. He bought the car because of its _ price.
41、A. reduce B. reduced C. reducing D. reduces6. _ by the dog twice, he was afraid to go to my house again. A. Having bitten B. Having been bitten C. Biting D. Being bitten7. They came out to sweep off the _ leaves, in spite of the cold _ rain.A. falling, falling B. falling, fallen C. fallen, falling D
42、. fallen, fallen8. The man got home very late that night, _ his house had been broken into.A. found B. to find C. find D. finding9. He could see everything in the room clearly, with a _ lamp in his hand. A. lighted B. light C. being lighted D. lit10. _ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it. A. Having stolen B. Having been stolen C. Stolen D. Stealing11. _ to the school building, the visitor were led to see the library. A. Having shown B. Having been shown C. Being shown D. Shown 12. He reached the railway station, _ a