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1、高考英语专题总复习语法精粹词序考点详解在历年高考英语试题和模拟题中，英语词序问题都作为一个重点测试工程，频繁出现。下面结合历年高考英语试题，对英语中词序考点问题进行举例和分析。一、否认词放在句首时的词序例1 Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?“I dont know,NMET1991 A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also 答案为B。A项多了not，C项、D项分别要改neither,also改为either。否认词作状语放在
2、句首时要用倒装语序，倒装语序只需将情态动词、助动词、系动词be提至主语之前即可。实义动词的倒装要在主语前面加助动词do,does，did等，此时谓语动词要用动词原形。常见的否认词或否认结构包含否认意义的词语有neither, nor, never, hardly,little, seldom, scarcely, barely, nowhere, not until, no sooner.than, hardly. when, not only. but also.，at no time, not once,by no means等。例如：Little did Einstein care fo
3、r money.By no means / NeverAt no time will that country be a superpower. 试题选练1They have a good knowledge of English but littlethey know about German. A. have B. did C. had D. do2. Not until all the fish died in the riverhow serious the pollution was.NMET1995 Adid the villagers realize B. the village
4、rs realize C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize3.snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring4. The old couple have
5、 been married for 40 years and never oncewith each other.NMET A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled5. Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere elsesuch a beautiful palace. A can you find B. you could find C. you can find D. could you find
6、6.一Did Linda see the traffic accident?一No,no soonerthan it happened.( A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone7. Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no meanswith my progress.( A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied C. the teacher is satis
7、fied D. is the teacher satisfied二、副词、介词短语放在句首时的词序例2. _from the north to the south in winter. A. Away do some birds fly B. Away do a few animals run C. Away fly some birds D. Away run all the animals 答案为C。某些副词where，there，up，down,in，out等以及介词短语放在句首引起的倒装句不可用助动词要注意以下三点： 主语是名词时，用完全倒装，把动词提至主语前：Here(In) cam
8、e a lady. 主语是代词时，用局部倒装，只将上述副词提至主语前即可：Here In he came. 介词短语放在句首时要用全部倒装，即动词提至主语前：In front of the farm house sat a small boy who was cutting a cane.【试题选练】8.who had caught him three times for stealing bikes. A. Before George stood the policeman B. Before George the policeman stood C. The policeman stood
9、 before George D. Before the policeman stood George9.from the 4th floor when the policeman pointed his gun at him. A. Down jumped the murderer B. Down the murderer jumped C. Down jumped he D. Jumped down he10. Just in front of the housewith a history of 1,000 years. (春季 A. does a tall tree stand B.
10、stands a tall tree C. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands三、only+状语放在句首时的词序例3. Only by practising a few hours every daybe able to master the language.1990 A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you 答案为D.由only状语引起的强调句放在句首时要用倒装结构，此结构只需把助动词、情态动词或系动词be提至主语前即可，故排除A,C。B中的can与be able to意义重复故也排除
11、。【试题选练】11I failed in the final examination last term and only thenthe importance of studies. A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realized四、sothat放在句首时的词序例4 Sothat no fish can live in it.1992 A. the lake is shallow B. shallow the lake is C. shallow is the lake D. is the lake sh
12、allow 答案为C。在sothat句型中，当so后的局部提到句首，如果句中谓语是系动词be的各种形式时，那么用全部倒装；如果是实义动词时，那么要用局部倒装仅把do，does，did提前。例如：So hard does he study that he is sure to succeed.【试题选练】12. So excitedthat he couldnt speak a word. A. he gets B. he got C. does he get D. did he get13. So difficultit to live in an English-speaking count
13、ry that I determined to learn English well. A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel14.about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was s
14、uch curious五、how/however+形容词、副词时的词序例5.，Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.1997NMET) A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is 答案选D。当how或however修饰形容词、副词时，要与被修饰的词一起提前。故排除B,C。从句局部不可用倒装句，故A也排除。例如：I dont know how hard the problem is.Its useless
15、however hard you try.【试题选练】15. If we work with a strong will，we can overcome any difficulty,great it is.1995NMET A. what B. how C.however D. whatever六、虚拟语气省略if时的词序例6for the free tickets，I would not have gone to the films so often.1995 A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. 1f they were
16、 not 答案为C。这是一个与过去相反的虚拟条件从句的省略形式，当从句中的if省略时，从句要用倒装句。这类倒装句只需将助动词、情态动词或系动词提至主语前即可。常见句式变换如下： 与现在相反If I were you (=Were I you), I would go with him. 与过去相反：If I had had time then(Had I had time then), I would have gone with you. 与将来相反：If I were toshould visit the Great Wall tomorrow, (=Were I toShould I v
17、isit the Great Wall tomorrow), I would take my son with me.注意：在否认句中，not不可提至主语前。例如：误：Werent I here now，I would be in the bus.正：Were I not here now, I would be in the bus.【试题选练】16.your letter, I would have written back two days before. A. If I received B. Should I receive C. Had I received D. If I cou
18、ld have received17. What would have happenedas far as the river bank. A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther18. _fired,your heath care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.( A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could yo
19、u be D. Might you be七、as引导让步状语从句时的词序例7_，he doesnt study well. A. As he is clever B. He is as clever C. Clever as he is D. As clever he is 答案为C。as引导让步状语从句时要将句中作表语的形容词或名词前面不可用冠词、作状语的副词或局部谓语动词提至as前。例如：Young as she is, she knows a lot.Fast as you run, I can catch you easily.Try as you might, you are sur
20、e not to fail again.【试题选练】19._the dictionary, he could not afford to buy it. A. Much as he liked B. Liked as he C. He liked very much D. As he liked much20._，he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as
21、he may D. Quiet as he may be a student八、so表示“也时的词序例8 . -John won the first prize in the contest. -_. A. So he did B. So did he C. So he did, too D. So did he, too 答案为A。以so开头的句子，如果是重复前面一句话的意见，表示对别人说的话加以肯定，语序不必倒装。此时两句的主语常常是同一人或物。例如： He asked me to support him, so I did. (I与不定式to support的逻辑主语me指同一人他要我支
22、持他，我确实支持他了。-I have passed the maths exam.-So you have.我数学考试及格了。你确实考试及格了。 但以so开头的句子，如果是重复前面一句话的局部内容，该内容也适合另一人或物，要用倒装但谓语一般要与前句谓语时态、形式一致。此时两句中的主语不可是同一人或物。例如：He has got up, so have I.他起床了，我也起床了。You are honest, so am I, so are all of us.你老实，我老实，我们大家都老实。【试题选练】21一Its burning hot today,isnt it?一Yes.yesterda
23、y. A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it22. -I reminded you not to forget the appointment. 一.( A. So you did B.So I do not C.So did you D.So do I23. -David has made great progress recently.一，and1997 A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have you C. So has he; so have you D. So has h
24、e; so you have九、动、副词短语之后宾语的词序例9 If you dont know the word, why dont youin the dictionary? A. look at it B. look after it C. look up it D. look it up 答案为D。其意指“查词典等。A意为“看 B意为“照顾，均不符题意，故排除。由动词加副词构成的短语，其宾语是名词时，宾语可放在整个短语后面，也可插在动词与副词之间；但宾语是代词时，代词宾语只能插在动词与副词之间。、多个形容词排列时的词序 例10“How was your recent visit to
25、Qingdao？“It was great. We visited some friends，and spent thedays at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last 答案为B。此题考测多个形容词或修饰语并列时的位置问题。多个修饰语并列修饰一个名词时的位置规那么为： 限定词如a, the, all, many, little, first, last, these, this等与数词同时出现时，序数词在前，基数词在后。 多个形容词修饰名词时，通常按照这样的顺
26、序：描述性质、特征的形容词(handsome, ugly，描述大小尺寸的形容词small, large)，描述形状的形容词(round, square)，描述年龄的形容词old, young)，描述颜色的形容词(red, blue)，描述来源某国、某地的形容词American, Japanese，说明制造材料的形容词silk，wooden，说明用途的动名词或形容词a waiting room, a conference hall。也就是说，名词前面形容词通常的顺序为：性质、特征，大小、尺寸，形状，年龄，颜色，来源，材料，用途，名词。例如：He is a famous tall American
27、 writer.This useless old geography book doesnt belong to me.My house is furnished with three comfortable brown chairs.【试题选练】24. Tony is going camping withboys.1993NMET) A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two25. When I was a child，my grandmother told me _stori
28、es. A. many such funny B. such many funny C. many funny such D. funny many such26. He saw nothing but atable in the farm house. A. round small wooden B. small round wooden C. round wooden small D. small wooden round27._bridge in our village was built scores of years ago.A. A stone old fine B. An old
29、 stone fineC. A fine old stone D. An old fine stone28. These are his cousins first twopaintings.A. little red French interesting oil B. interesting little red French oilC. interesting French little red oil D. little red interesting oil French十一、词序不同意义不同的词例11 It waslate to catch a bus after the party
30、; therefore we called a taxi.1995 A. too very B. much too C. too much D. far 答案为B。B是个副词短语，只修饰形容词或副词，以加强语气；C中的too much可作形容词修饰名词；A中too very不能连用;D不能修饰原级形容词，故排除。常见的词序不同、意义不同的短语有in all总共/all in疲倦，in hand在手中/ hand in上交，turn in转身进入，交出/ in turn轮流，排队，from far来自远方/ far from离得远，远非，for good(永远)/ good for(对有好处，a
31、ll for(都赞成/for all尽管，much too(太，过于，修饰形容词或副词too much(太多，修饰名词if only“只要，要是，常与虚拟语气连用/ only if“只有，引导条件从句，long before很久以前before long(不久以后等。 试题选练29. I knew youI knew John.A. before long B. long before C. long ago D. after long30.you try your best to prepare your lessons well will you be able to pass the e
32、xam.A. If only B. Only if C. Long before D. Before long十二、不定冠词的位置例12 He isteacher that all of us like him.A. a such good B. such good a C. a so good D. so good a 答案为D。A,B中冠词的位置应放在such之后。C中冠词应放在good之后。当so与不定冠词a/ an连用时，a/ an要直接放在名词之前。类似结构有too， rather, quite +adj. +a /an十名词。例如： He is so clever a boy th
33、at we all like him. =He is such a clever boy that we all like him.如果此句改为复数时，只可用suchthat。例如：They are such clever boys that we all like them.【试题选练】31box cannot be lifted by a boy of five.1993 A. So a heavy B. So heavy a C. A such heavy D. Such heavy a32. Can you believe that ina rich country there sho
34、uld bemany poor people.(1995NMET) A. such；such B. such；so C. so; so D. so; such十三、作后置修饰语的情况 例13Mum, I think Imto get back to school.Not really，my dear, youd better stay at home for another day or two.1993NMET) A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough 答案为C。根据题意只能选well，意指“健康。enough修饰形容词或副词时
35、要放在所修饰的词之后。修饰名词时可置于名词之前或之后。例如： We havent enough time / time enough to lose.常见的几种修饰语后置的情况如下： 形容词修饰something, nothing, anything, everything等不定代词时要后置。present作“出席的之意时，要放在所修饰词后。例如：I have nothing new to tell you.The people present are workers. 副词或介词短语作定语时要后置。例如：The man upstairs (in charge of the factory)
36、often comes home very late. 以 a开头的表语形容词如alive, asleep, awake, alone等作修饰语时通常后置。例如：Do you know the greatest poet alive in your country? 非谓语动词作定语时，通常要后置。例如：The building built last yearbeing built now /to be built next year will be equipped with computers.【试题选练】33. If I had,Id visit Europe，stopping at a
37、ll the small interesting places.NMET1998 A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday C. a holidy enough long D. a long holiday enough十四、宾语从句的词序例14 No one can be surein a million years.NMET1991 A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will m
38、an like 答案为A。连接代词who，which，what等和连接副词why, where, when等引导的名词性从句，从句的语序要用陈述句语序。B,C,D均属词序错误，故排除。【试题选练】34.I just wonderthat makes him so excited( A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is35. These shoes look very good. I wonder春季 A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost C. how much they cost D. how much are they costKey: 1-5 DABCA 6-10 ADAAB 11一15 DDDBC16-20 CCBAB 21-25 AABCA 26-30 BCBBB 31-35 BBADC14. The Clintons and Subjunctive Mood