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1、省泗阳高考语法专项-情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词一 例题感悟1.Could I borrow your dictionary? (NMET) Yes,of course you_. 析：B、D意明显不合；A语气不妥，与of course不符。此题Could是表Can意的委婉说法，并非过去时，所以答案应为C。 2.Shall I tell John about it? No,you_.Ive told him already. (NMET) A.neednt B.wouldnt C.mustnt D.shoudnt 析：B意明显不合用，可排除。mustnt意“不许、不得，shouldnt意“不应该
2、都不合情景。只有neednt表“不必与下文“Ive told him already相贴切。 3.There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well. It_a comfortable journey. (NMET) A.cant be B.shouldnt be C.mustnt have been D.couldnt have been 析：A、B是对现在情况而言，与情景不合。表否认推测不能说mustnt have been,只有D选项“不可能是意思切合，时态也对，故为正确答案。 4.T
3、he fire spread through the hotel very quickly ，but everyone_get out.(NMET) A.could B.would C.was able to D.had to 析：根据题干提供的情景B、D皆应排除。在A、C两选项中，因为根据情景要选一个“经过努力能够这样意思的词，故定答案为C。 5.I told Sally how to get here,but perhaps I_for her. A.had to write it out B.must have written it out C.should have written i
4、t out D.ought to write it out 析：A项意“(当时)不得不写出来，不合题意；D项意“(现在)应写出来也不合题意；B项意“(当时)肯定已写出来明显不对。只有表“当初应该写出来意的C项才合上下文。 6.That young man has made so much noise that he_not have been allowed to attend the concert. (高考题)ould 析：假设选A。意“不可能已被允许与情景不合，应排除；B项不可选；C项意“当时将不会被允许也与情况相悖。只有D“should not have been allowed表示“
5、当初不该让他才合题意。 7.Can I help you,sir? Yes,I bought this radio here yesterday,but it_.(NMET) A.didnt work B.couldnt work C.cant work D.doesnt work 析：假设选A。意“昨天不响今天响了，不合题目情景；假设选B。其意是“当时不能工作现在能工作了，显然不合题；假设选C。意为“这台收音机根本不能工作是废品这未免显得武断；只有D表“这台机子不响有毛病意才能合理地表达来找商店效劳员的原因。二 解题理论概括与学法指导一般疑问句中几个情态动词的问与答 1. Need I/he
6、/? Yes,you/he/must.(不用need) 2. Must I/ he/? No,you/ he/neednt/dont(doesnt,wont)have to.(不用mustnt) 3. May I/ he/? No,you/ he/mustnt.(少用may not) 4. Could(Can)you? Yes,I can (不用could) 5. Shall I/she/ he? No,you(she,he)neednt/cant/mustnt情态动词表“推测 1.can,may,must使用的句式： 1)肯定陈述句中：must表“肯定、必定、一定意，may/might表“也
7、许，或许意。 2)否认陈述句中：cant/couldnt表“不可能意，may not/might not表“也许不、可能不意。 3)疑问句中：只能用can或could,不能用must,may或might。 注意：表推测的could,might并不是指过去时间，而是表示比can,may把握性略小些的情况。 2.对目前状态的推测： 1)must/may/might/can/couldbe表语 2)must/may/might/can/could一些不能用于进行时的静态动词(如:have,exist,live,like,hate,own,belong to等) 例如：She must have he
8、r own car,for she has a lot of money. That kind of bird may live in the valleys. 3.对目前正在发生的事情进行推测： 句式：must/may/might/can/couldbe doing 例如：They must be waiting for us.他们肯定正在等我们。 She may/might be doing her homework.她可能正在做作业。 Can/Could he be playing football?他会正在踢足球吗？ 4.对已发生的事情进行推测： 句式：must/may/might/c
9、an/couldhave done 例如：Theres no lignt in the room. They must have gone to bed./She knows nothing about the film. She cant/couldnt have seen it./Can/Could he have been a doctor?/He may/might(not)have been a teacher./They must have been watching TV at nine last night./Can/Could she have stayed in Beiji
10、ng last year? 注意：will have done句式也可表“肯定/可能已经推测意。 例如：He will have learned advanced mathematics,for he knows a lot about it. 他肯定/可能学过高等数学，因为他对此懂得很多。 “情态动词have done用法 1.should/ought to have done,意“本应该，含有责备或懊悔意。 例如：You should have come here a little earlier./I ought to have sent him to school./ 2.should
11、nt/oughtnt tohave done,意“本不应该，含有责备或懊悔意。 例如：You shouldnt have watered the flower./I oughtnt to have scolded her for such a small thing. 3.might have done,意“过去可能做；could have done意“本能够做，两者都含有委婉批评或遗憾之意，也可表对过去情况的推测。 例如：He might have gone to Nanjing with Professor Wang.last week,but he was ill.上星期他本可以和王教授
12、一起去的，可他病了。We could have finished the work ahead of time.我们本来是能够提前完成工作的。情态动词在反意疑问句中的用法 1.“肯定祈使句附加问句结构，附加问句常用will/would/wont you形式。 例如：Stand still,will/would/wont you? 2.“否认祈使句附加问句结构，附加问句常用will/would you形式。 例如：Dont watch TV,will/would you? 3.Lets,shall we? ; Let us,will/wont you? 1)must表示“必须时，附加局部常用ne
13、ednt,也可用mustnt.例如：He must go with you,neednt/mustnt he? 2)mustnt表“一定不能时，附加局部用may.例如：She mustnt leave,may she? 3)must表“一定、想必推测意时，附加局部主要有以下几种形式： A.He must be an engineer,isnt he?They must be writing now,arent they?(这类句子问句前局部含“must be或“must be doing。) B.She must have a car/live there, doesnt she? C.He
14、must have seen the film,hasnt he？(这类句子问句前局部的谓语为must have done,句子无具体过去时间状语。) D.He must have seen the film last week,didnt he?(这类句子问句前面局部的谓语为must have done,句子有具体过去时间状语。) E.Mother must have been shopping then,wasnt she?(前面局部谓语为must have been doing。) 5.含有may表推测的句子，其反意问句形式与must表推测的反意问句形式相似。 例如：She may ha
15、ve finished her homework,hasnt she?几组词语辨析 1.must与have to:must强调说话者的主观看法，have to强调客观需要，表示“不必意要用neednt或dont/didnt/wont have to,不能用mustnt。 2.can/could与be able to:can多用于现在时，也可用于将来时，could只用于过去时，be able to可用于各种时态。表示“过去经过努力而做成(或没做成)要用was/were(not) able to ，而不用could(not)。例如：He worked hard,but he wasnt able
16、to pass the exam. 3.will,would,used to:都可表“习惯意。will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作。如：Fish will die out of water./ Shell sit for hours without saying anything.would表示过去习惯性的动作，但不涉及与现在情况的比照。如：He would walk by the river in the morning.注意：would后不能跟表状态动词。例如不能说He would be late for school last year. used to表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但这种
17、习惯现在已不存在了。如：He used to get up early. He used to be late for school.三根底与稳固训练 1.Where is my pen?I_it. (NMET) A.should have lost B.must have lost C.would have lost D.might lose 2.A computer_think for itself ; it must be told what to do.(NMET) A.cant B.couldnt C.may not D.might not 3.We_last night ,but
18、we went to the concert instead. (NMET) A.must have studied B.might study C.should have studied D.would study 4.I didnt hear the phone ,I_asleep. (NMET) A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have been 5.Be sure to write to us,_? (NMET) A.will you B.arent you C.can you D.mustnt you 6.I didnt
19、 see her in the meeting-room this morning.She_at the meeting. () A.mustnt have spoken B.shoudnt have spokent have spoken D.couldnt have spoken 7.There is plenty of time.She_. (NMET) A.must have hurried B.neednt have hurried C.must not hurry D.couldnt have hurried 8.You dont_to go there if you have n
20、o time.() 9.Sir,you_be sitting in this waiting-room.It is for women and children only.() A.oughtnt to B.cant C.wont D.dont 10.Tom ought not to_me your secret ,but he meant no harm. (NMET) A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.having told 11.Its nearly seven oclock.Jack_be here at any moment.(NMET) 12.Yo
21、ur coat is dirty,_it for you? A.Am I washing B.Will I wash C.Am I going to wash D.Shall I wash 13.No one _that to his face. A.dare say B.dare to say C.dares saying D.dares said 14.There used to be a church in the east of the town,_?sent to there C.used there D.usednt to there 15._you be happy! 16.Pu
22、t on more clothes . You_be feeling cold with only a shirt on. 17.Why didnt you answer when I called you? I_but you didnt hear me. 18.I_that time is more valuable than money. A.hardly need say B.need hardly say C.need hardly to say D.hardly need to say 19.I_like to become a pianist some day. 20 He_th
23、ere now,but I am not sure. A.maybe B.may be C.may have been D.might have been 21.I didnt see him yesterday. Oh,but you_. A.ought to B.should have C.cant have D.may have 22.Where were you this morning?I tried to call you. I _ to the library for a while. A.tried to go B.should go C.must go D.had to go
24、 23.The flower is dead.I_it more water. A.will give B.must give C.should have given D.would have given 24.Does Tom want to go to the film? Yes,but he says_tonight.ll rather not go C.he wont rather go D.hed rather not go 25.Did you walk home by yourself last night? Yes ,I did. But I guess I_. A.shoul
25、dnt B.neednt C.may not have D.neednt have 26.Do you speak Japanese? No,I dont , but I_speak Chinese. 27.If you_quiet ,Ill tell you what happned A.be B.will be C.are D.are to be 28.Look ,it_be Li Ping. No,it_be him.Hes gone abroad. A.may;mustnt B.must;may C.must;cant D.can;may not 29.Professor Wang,m
26、any students want to see you. _they wait here or outside? 30.I cant find Mr Wang anywhere in the office building.Where_he have gone? 31.Wherever you_,theres no place like home. A.can go B.must go C.might go D.may go 32.Dont forget to post the letter for me. I _. A.wont B.will C.dont D.cant 33.Must I
27、 take a taxi? No,you_.You can walk from here. A.dont B.must not C.dont have to D.had better not to 34.The bus _start;I dont know what to do with it. A.cant B.wont C.shant D.may not 35.The car broke down on the way ,but we_get out of the desert at last. 15 B B C B A 610 D C A A A 1115 C D A A B 1620
28、D D D C B 2125 B D C D D 2630 C B C D B 3135 D A C B C 虚拟语气一 例题感悟1Alice,why didnt you come yesterday? I _,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET) 析:此题A、D明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B选项假设为would have那么成立，可以理解为I would have come if I hadnt had an unexpected visitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有was going to可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但
29、是有不速之客造访这一意思。2If there were no subjunctive,English _ much easier. (NMET) A.will be B.would have been C.could have been D.would be 析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。3The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules. (NMET) A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey 析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should)
30、do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。4I wish I _ you yesterday. A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see 析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。5 If he _ ,he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (NMET) A.was warned;would not take B.had been warned;would not have taken C.wuld be warned;had not taken D.would have
31、 been warned;had not taken 析：从对话看，是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为B。6.Without electricity human life _ quite different today. (NMET) A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be 析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。7When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _. (NMET) A.breaks B.has brok
32、en C.were broken D.had been broken 析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是与现在的事实相反，这时as if从句谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为C。8You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired. (NMET) A.drove;didnt get B.drove;wouldnt get C.were driving;wouldnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have got 析：观察题干，可知if从句表述与过去事实相反的假设，因此答案只能是D。9I didnt s
33、ee your uncle at the party.If he _ ,he would have said hello to me. A.would come B.had come C.came D.did come 析：观察题目上下文，特别是第二句的主句谓语为 would have said，可知if从句表述的是与过去事实相反的愿望，因此答案为B。10_ it _ for your help,I couldnt have made any progress. A.Had;not been B.Should;not be C.Did;not be D.Not;be 析：根据主句谓语形式，可知
34、从句要用had done形式，故应选A，Had it not been for your helpIf it had not been for your help.要不是你帮助的话11Mr Smith was badly ill,or he _ our dinner party. A.should come to B.would have attended C.would come to D.should have attended 析：or可引导含蓄条件句，表达虚拟语气。根据此题内容，可知是与过去事实相反的假设，故答案为B。二 解题理论概括与学法指导虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿
35、望、假设、疑心、猜想或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。虚拟语气在单句中的用法常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如：Long live the Peoples Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！May you be happy! 快乐！祝你 have a good time! 玩得愉快！ succeed! 成功！ make progress! 进步！虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：1 在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法1） 表示与现在事实相反条件从句主句一般过去时be多用于werewould/should/could/might动词原形例如：If I were you,I shou
36、ld accept the invitation. 如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。 If I had time,I would go there. 如果我有空，我就去那儿。2） 与过去事实相反条件从句主句过去完成时would/should/could/mighthave done 例如：If you had come earlier,you couldnt/wouldnt have missed the bus. 如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。 If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book. 如果他昨天见到
37、了你，他就会还你的书的。3） 与将来事实可能相反条件从句主句一般过去时be多用wereshould do,were to dowould/should/could/might动词原形例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。 If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break. 万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。4） if的省略如果条件句中有were
38、,had,should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.5)条件句或主句的省略当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以防止重复。例如：Why didnt you attend the party yesterday
39、? I would/should have,but I was too busy then.I was surprised that you didnt like this job.You could have done it better.后面省略了if you had liked it.6)混合时间条件句与主句条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。例如：If the teacher hadnt been ill yesterday,who could give us a lecture now?/If you had reviewed the les
40、son,you would answer the question now.7)含蓄条件句与主句即用without(but for),or(else)代替if从句。例如：Without/But for his help,we wouldnt have made such great progress.2.在as if/as though引导的状语从句中用法：在as if/as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来表达虚拟语气。例如：The man speaks as if he were a foreigner./The speaker told us a lot
41、about that country as though he had been there many times./They talked as if they had been good friends for years.注：as if/as though从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大，就要用正常时态来描绘。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来象要下雨。下雨的可能性很大。 3在宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句中的用法：1） 在wish后的宾语从句中的用法：A与过去事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“had done形式。例如：I wish I had passed yesterdays exam.要是我昨天的考试及格了该多好。B与现在事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“did形式。例如：He wishes he was as clever as you./I wish I had a large room to live in.C表示将来愿望：宾从谓语用“would/could do形式。例如：How I wish I would go abroad next year!