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1、精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本高一英语语法归纳总结- 定语从句的归纳一几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 。3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。 1关系代词： that/who/whom/which/as 2关系副词： when/where/why5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。【as 除外】6.引导词的功能（作用） ： 1连接先行词和定语从句。 2在定语
2、从句中充当肯定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。7.定语从句的类型： 1限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。 直接由引导词引导定语从句The man who you re talking to is my friend. 由介词 +关系代词（ whom/which ）引导The man to whom you re talking is my friend.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳
3、总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.介词的选用可依据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：Themanwho/whom/thatItalkedaboutatthemeetingis from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked
4、at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace which/that I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. 2非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开）。 直接由引导词引导定语从句。 由介词 +关系代词（ whom/which ）引导。I live in a house far away from the city, in
5、 front of which is a big tree.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples.This is the man to whom I gave the book
6、. 由“代词 /名词 +of+whom/which”或“ of which/ whom +名词 /代词” 先行词指人用 whom, 指物用which 引导。 One,some,any,none,all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与 of whom或 of which连用。He has five children, two of whom are abroad.比较： He has five children, and two of them are abroad. We have three books, no
7、ne of which is/are interesting.比较：We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting. 除 why 和 that 不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要留意以下区分。1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情形，翻译时可译成两个句子。Theengineer, whoselegwasbadlyhurt,wasquicklysent to hospital.（那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤）可编辑资料
8、 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本Theengineerwhoselegwasbadlyhurtwasquicklysent to hospital.（那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院）3.在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略（包括引 导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内）。指人做主语时只能用who,做宾语时用wh
9、om;指物做主语，宾语都用which;关系副词用when 或 where，也不能省略。The man, is sitting on the chair, is my father.The woman, I met yesterday, is my English teacher. The city, is far away, is very beautiful.He went to America, his parents live.He joined the Army yesterday, I left, too.4.whose 引导非限定性定语从句：The house, whose win
10、dow faces south, is mine.=The house, the window of which faces south, is mine. The house, of which the window faces south, is mine.二.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。1. who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - -
11、-第 4 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本2. whom/who/that指人是宾格， 在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的宾语（动宾或介宾）。 当作动宾（动词后接宾语）时，关系代词可省略。Do you know the gentleman whom/who/that we met just now. 当作介宾（介词后接宾语）时： 介词不提前时，关系代词可省略。介词提前时，关系代词不行省，即介词whom 指人时介词后的
12、关系代词只能用whom 。The man whom/who/that I spoke with is my teacher. The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.注： 固定的动词短语 （动词 +介词） 如 look for, take care of等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。She is the right girl who/whom/that we are looking for. 3.whose:指人或物，是全部格“的”形式。Whose+n.一起 在定语从句中充当主语、宾语（动宾或介宾）即先行词的什么东西怎样了，whose
13、不能省略。Whose+n.=the +n.+of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.I didn t find the desk whose leg was broken.（主语）He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.（动宾）The boss in whose company I work is very kind.（介宾）4.which/that指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语（动宾或介宾） 。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - -
14、 - - -第 5 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本 当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。 当作介宾时：介词不提前时，关系代词可省略。介词提前时，关系代词不行省，即介词which 指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which 。The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak. The pen which/that you found yesterday is m
15、ine.Thegamesthat/whichtheyoungmencompetedinwere difficult.The games in which the young men competed were difficult.注 : 介词 + 关系代词即介词+whom/which先行词指人用whom ，指物用 which 。 5.as 指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语，宾语，表语或状语，不能省略。主要用于“ the sameas。 suchas。 soas。 asas。 as follows ”固定结构中，形式固定 此时的引导限定性定语从句。要用 as 代替 whom, which,或tha
16、t 引导定语从句：Such people as knew Hill thought he was honest. Such people as Hill knew thought he was honest. My hometown is no longer the same as it was.Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结
17、资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本The child knows as much as grow-ups know.I d like to have the same books as are euds in your school. He is not such a person as I expected.He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find.注： which和 as 可引导非限定性定语从句：可以指代主句 中的一部分或整个句子的内容，which 和 as 都可以指代主
18、句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。因此，当as/which 指代前面的整个句子，或前句中的部分内容作定语从句的主语时，谓语用单数Ourteamlostthegame,as/whichwasreportedinthe newspaper.She was terrified, as/which I could see from her eyes. He married her, as/which was natural.区分：as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面。He married her, as/
19、which was natural.=As was natural, he married her.Mark Twin is a great writer, which/as is known to all.=As is known to all, Mark Twin is a great writer.as 引导的从句有“正如” 、“正像”之意，而which就无此可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word
20、精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本意。常用句型有：as we all know, as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected, As is known/ said/ reported/ told/ we all know等。如： As we all know, paper was first made in China.To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.主句和从句有因果关系时，用which
21、.Ourclasshas wonthefootballmatch,whichmadeusvery happy.Bamboos are hollow, which makes them very light.从句含否定意义经常用which.She didn t pass the exam, which we couldn t expect. She didn t pass the exam, as we expected.6.when 关系副词：指时间。在定语从句中作时间状语，不能省略。此时的when 仍可用介词 +which替换（此时先行词肯定是表时间的名词） 。I still remembe
22、r the time when I joined the League.I still remember the time on which I joined the League.I still remember the time which/that I joined the League on. 7.where 关系副词： 指的点。 在定语从句中作的点状语，不能省略。此时的when 仍可用介词 +which替换（此时先行词肯定是表的点的名词） 。I still remember the school where I joined the League.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品
23、名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本I still remember the school in which I joined the League.I stillremember the school which/that I joined the League in.注：对关系副词when, where 的熟悉。.先行词是时间的名词， 并非都用
24、关系副词when 引导定语从句。I ll never forget the time which/that I spent in Beijing.先行词是的点的名词，并非都用关系副词where 引导定语从句。This is the factory which/that he visited yesterday. 当 句 型 为 It/This/That iswas the firstsecond last time 引起的句子时用 that 连接其后的句子。此时的 time 是次数， 不是时间。It/This is the first time that we travel.It/This i
25、s the last time that I shall give you a lesson.8.why指缘由，在定语从句中作缘由状语，先行词通常为reason,不能省略。 且 why引导的定语从句只能是限定性定语从句。 Why= for whichI don t know the reason why he was late yesterday.The reason whyfor which he was late is that he missed the bus.注：当先行词为reason 时，关系副词并非都用why 。 This is the reason that/ which he
26、 gave/ explained to us.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本【判定用关系代词仍是关系副词】从句缺少的是主语、宾语仍是状语是确定用关系代词仍是关系副词的关键。试比较：I will never forget the day which/that I spent in Hongkong. spen
27、t 是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 I will never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland.（ 从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词）Thereason （ that/which ） hegavefornotcomingtoschool yesterday isn t believable. gave 是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略Thereasonwhyhedidnctometoschoolyesterdayisn t believable.（ 从
28、句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词）三.值得留意的几个问题：第一 .当先行词是物时， 关系代词 that/which 只用 that 的情形。1.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。This is the best film that has been shown this year.This is the first book that I borrow from the library.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资
29、料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本 He is the first student that/who came to school today. 2.当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时。He talked about the teachers and the school that he had visited. 3.当先行词本身是all 的，用 that。all that=whatAll that what I want to say to you is“ Thank yo
30、u”.=All what I want to say to you is“ Thank you”.Go over all that what we learned.=Go over all what we learned.（ that 在定语从句中充当宾语可以省略）4.先行词为 something, anything, nothing, everything, thing时，用 that.I ll tell you anything that I know.5.当先行词前有all,much,little,many,afew,every, some, any, no, only, the ver
31、y, one of, the only, the last, the next等修饰语时。This is one of the books that I m very interesting in. This is one of the books in which I m very interesting. This is the only book that I read.He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano. All the glasses that were on the table fell off o
32、nto the floor.6.（ 人，物），当先行词在以who 或 which开头的特别疑问句中时，用 that 引导以防止混淆可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本Who is the man that is talking with the lady.Which of you that know the a
33、nswer can come to the front.7.当先行词是在定语从句中作表语时，用that He likes the girl that she used to be.其次 .当先行词是物时，关系代词that/which 只用 which的情形。1.作介宾且介词置于引导词之前时 The room in which he lives is very large.2.引导非限定性定语从句时（主，宾都用which,都不能省略）Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.The house
34、, which I visited yesterday, is very large.3.which指整个句子的内容或部分内容，引导非限定性定语从句He always makes fun of me, which upsets me.第三 .其他特别情形1.先行词是 these, those 指人时，关系代词只用who. Those who are playing over there are my students.2.先行词是人称代词he, she时，关系代词只用who. He who doesn t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.3.不定代
35、词someone,anyone,everyone,noone,somebody,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本anybody, everybody 作先行词时，关系代词用who. Anybody who breaks the rules would be punished.4.先行词是the only o
36、ne of + 可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用单数形式（由于此时的先行词是 the only one, 而不是 of后的可数名词复数） He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano.This is the only one of the books that is borrowed.先行词是one of + 可数名词复数， 在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用复数形式（由于此时的先行词是of后的可数名词复数,而不是 one）This is one of the students who are
37、 late.5.当主句缺先行词时，用theone代替，但须留意：theone只能代替可数名词单数如为不行数名词时， 指什么用什么Is this school the one I visited yesterday. Is pop music the music he likes best.6.当先行词是the way,在定语从句中充当方式状语时（theway 表以方式方法） ，引导词通常用that 或省略， 也可用 in which I don t like the way that you speak.=I don t like the way in which you speak.=I d
38、ontlike the way which/that you speak in.【“介词 +关系代词”十种情形】可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本在定语从句中，介词+关系代词结构是一种较为复杂的问题。现就几种常见的介词+关系代词的结构浅析如下：1介词 +which 在定语从句中分别作时间、 的点和缘由状语，
39、代替相应的关系副词 when, where 和 why 。如：I still remember the day on which when I first came to school. 我仍旧记得初来学校的那一天。The factory in which =where I work is a large one.我工作的工厂是一个大工厂。This is the reason for which =why he was late.这就是他为什么迟到的缘由。2介词 +which （指物） /whom （指人）在定语从句中作的点状语，表示存在关系，定语从句主谓一般要倒置。They arrived
40、at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.他来到一处农舍，前边坐着一个小男孩。I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird. 我观察一个人， 他的头上站着一只鸟。3介词 + which （指物） / whom （指人）在定语从句中作目的、方式或的点状语。这种结构中的介词一般受动词或介词 后的名词所制约。如：Could you tell me for whom youve bought this coat.你能告知我这件衣服是给谁买的吗？The man, from whom I learned
41、 the news, is an engineer.这人是可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本一位工程师，我是从他那里得到这消息的。4介词 +which/whom ，用于被动结构的定语从句中，作状语，说明动作的动身者。如：The wolf by which the sheep was killed was sh
42、ot.损害羊的那只狼被打死了。The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter.打死狼的那人是个好猎手。5不定代词 +of+which/whom，在定语从句中作主语，说明 整体中的部分， 常用的不定代词有：both, all, any, some, each, none, most 等。如：There are a lot of books here, none of which belongs to me. 这儿有很多书，可一本也不属于我。YesterdayMaryboughtafewclothes,allofwhichwereexpens
43、ive.昨天玛丽买了一些衣服，他们都很贵。6数词 +of+which/whom，在定语从句中作主语，说明整体 与部分的关系。 数词可以是基数词、序数词、 分数或百分数。如：Inourclass there are fifty-fourstudents, twenty-fiveofwhom are girls.我们班有54 名同学， 25 人是女生。Two watches were stolen, one of which was mine.两只手表被偷了，其中一只是我的。7名词 +of+which代替 whose+名词，在定语从句中作定语。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 15 页，