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1、人教新课标版高一必修一Unit 1 Friendship期末知识梳理.一、训练导入写出以下考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)1.greet2.represent 3.flight 4.curious 5.approach 6.defend 7.major 8.misunderstand 9.adult 10.spoken 11.likely 12.function 13.truly 14.anger 15.rank 1be_a bout,对感到好奇的2defend_保卫以免3apologize_sb_sth因某事而向某人抱歉4put_举起，建立5_general
2、总的来说，通常6shake hands_sb同某人握手7come_出现，向前8_the distance在远处，在远方9turn ones back_背对，背弃10_face丢脸11act_表演12introduce sb_sb把介绍给13_the cheek在脸颊上14put_ones hand举起手15_the contrary 正好相反16stand close_站得靠近17be likely_很可能18be intended_旨在，打算19_ease安心，放心20keep a record_记录二、知识精讲I.重点词汇 1. upset adj. 心烦意乱的，不安的；不适的 vt. (
3、upset, upset) 典例 1). Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit. 她一来把我们周末的安排给打乱了。2). Dont upset yourself - no harm has been done. 不要难过-并没有造成伤害。3). He was horribly upset over her illness. 他为她的病而忧心忡忡。4). The students really upset her. 学生们着实让她烦恼。重点用法be upset by 被 打乱upset oneself about sth
4、 为某事烦恼2. concern v. 担忧; 涉及; 关系到 n. 担忧，关注；利害关系典例 1). The news concerns your brother. 这消息与你兄弟有关。2). The boys poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康状况不佳,使他的父母亲忧虑。3). Thats no concern of mine. 那不关我的事。重点用法as / so far as be concerned 关于；至于；就而言be concerned about 关心be concerned at / over sth. 为某事忧虑be conc
5、erned in sth. 牵涉到，与有关，参与3. settle vt. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居，安家；解决典例 1). He settled his child in a corner of the compartment. 他把孩子安排在车厢的一个角落里。2). The family has settled in Canada. 这家人已定居加拿大。3). Both wanted to settle their scores. 双方都愿意捐弃前嫌。重点用法settle down 镇定下来 settle in 在定居4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历典例 1).
6、 Do you suffer from headaches? 你常头痛吗? 2). Shes suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遗忘症。重点用法suffer from/with/for sth 感到疼痛 不适 悲伤等; 受苦; 吃苦头:5. disagree vt. 不同意典例 1). Even friends sometimes disagree with each other. 即便是朋友也有时意见不一。2). We disagreed on future plans. 我们对未来的方案产生了分歧。重点用法disagree with sb/what sb
7、says/sbs decision 不同意某人的观点某人的话/某人的决定II.重点词组 1. add up 加起来典例 1). Add up your scores and see how many points you can get.把你的得分加起来，看看你能得几分。2). Tom, what do ten, twenty and five add up to?汤姆，10，20和5加起来是多少？短语归纳add () to . 把什么参加中add up to 加起来是2. go through 经历；经受典例 1). The country has gone through too many
8、 wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。2). Shes been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。短语归纳go after追求，追赶go ahead前进；请说做吧go by走过，时间过去go along with向前，与一起去go in for爱好，从事 go out外出；灯，火熄灭go over越过；复习 go up爬上，价格等上升3.on purpose 成心，有目的地典例 The boy broke Jacks window on purpose. He wanted to frighten Jack. 那男孩是成心打破杰克的窗玻璃
9、的，他想吓一下杰克。短语归纳do sth. on purpose: 成心做某事on purpose 表示成心地、有企图、有目的地4. get along with 与某人相处；(工作的) 进展典例1). He is not easy-going. Its very hard to get along with him 他不是个随和的人，很难相处。2). How are you getting along with your work? 工作进展如何？短语归纳get along/on well/ nicely/ badly with 与相处得好/不好，进展顺利/不顺利get away离开，逃离g
10、et down下来；写下，取下get down to (doing)开始认真干get over克服，摆脱get through通过，做完 get together聚集1. in order to 为了可置于句首或句中典例1). She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她到得很早, 图的是得个好座位。2). I agreed to her suggestion in order not to upset her. 我同意她的建议是为了不让她伤心。短语归纳in order that以便后跟句子so that以便后跟句子so as to为了只能置
11、于句中，不能置于句首III.重点句型 1. Mom asked her if (whether) she was very hot with so many clothes on.妈妈问她穿那么多衣服是不是很热。解释 with复合结构：with + 宾语+ v. ing / v. ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases由“介词with+宾语+宾语补足语 构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等，另外，该结构也可以作为定语使用。下面简述几种情况：1) 如果在该结构中的分词表示的动作是由前面的名词或代词发出的，构成主谓关系，该分
12、词用现在分词形式。2) 如果分词表示的动作与前面的名词或代词构成动宾关系，该分词用过去分词形式。3) 宾语补足语也可以使用介词短语，形容词或副词来充当。典例1.with + 宾语 + 副词，如：The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on (= while all the lights are on). With his parents away (= As his parents are away), Tom becomes more naughty. 2.with + 宾语 + 介词短语，如：The teacher came
13、in with a book in his hand (= while a book was in his hand). The girl looked up with tears in her eyes (= while tears were in her eyes). 3.with + 宾语 + 现在分词，如：With summer corning (= As summer is corning), the weather is becoming hotter and hotter.With the teacher standing beside (= As the teacher was
14、 standing beside)，she felt a bit uneasy. 4.with + 宾语 + 过去分词，如：With the work done (= As the work had been done), she felt greatly relieved. With his hair cut (= As his hair has been cut), he looks much younger. 5.with + 宾语 + 不定式，如：With her to go with us (= As she will go with us), were sure to have a
15、 pleasant journey. With Mr Smith to teach them English next term= As Mr Smith will teach them English) , they will be greatly improved in spoken English. 2. I dont set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do 我不愿意像大多数人那样在日记中记流水帐解释 as引导的从句为比拟状语从句，意为“像大多数人那么做。as 用作连词，可引导以下状语从句：1). 引导状语从句，强调
16、主句谓语动词与从句谓语的同时性As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening. 随着他年纪越来越大，他失去了对所有事物的兴趣，除了园艺。2). 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然，即使从句需倒装Cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt. 尽管天气冷，我哥只穿了一件衬衫。3). 引导方式状语从句，表示“以方式。Why didnt you take the medicine as I told you to? 为什么你没有按我说的服这药？4). 引导原因状语从句 (=s
17、ince; because)，“由于，因为。As you were not there, I left a message. 因为当时你不在那，所以我给你留了便条。5) 引导比拟状语从句。She is as tall as you. 她和你一样高。3. It is/was thetime that 第几次解释 that从句中的谓语动词一般用完成时态。1). It is the first time that he has heard this song.4.I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long
18、 that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事情都无比狂热。句子结构： wonder if 表语从句 so that从句4.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. (定语从句) 我记得非常清楚，以前，湛
19、蓝的天空，鸟儿的歌唱，月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。句子结构： It is/was a time when There is /was a time whenThis/That is/was a time when5.It was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face. 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。句子结构： It is/was the first (second) time that sb + 现在完成时/过去完成时：这是某人第几次做某事三、语法突破动
20、词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式在句中可以用作状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随状况。1. 作时间状语，相当于when, while, after等引导的时间状语从句。2. 作原因状语，相当于as, since, because等引导的原因状语从句。Having lived in China for many years, he can speak Chinese very well. (Because he has lived in China for many years, he can speak Chinese very well.) 他在中国住了好
21、多年了，所以汉语说得很好。3. 作条件状语，相当于if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。Turning to the right, you will see the post office. (If you turn to the right, you will see the post office.) 向右转，你就会看到邮局。 4. 作结果状语，相当于so that引导的结果状语从句。A small plane crashed into a hillside, killing all people on board. (A small plane crashed into a hill
22、side so that all people on board were killed.) 一架小飞机坠毁在山坡上，致使机上人员全部遇难。5. 作让步状语，相当于though, even if等引导的让步状语从句。Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasnt tried her best. (Although I admit what she has said, I still think that she hasnt tried her best.) 尽管我成认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽最大努力。 6. 作方式、伴
23、随状语时不能用状语从句替代，但可改写成并列句。He walked down the hill, singing softly to him-self. (He walked down the hill and sang softly to himself.) 他从山上走下来，一路哼着小曲儿。注：如果动词-ing形式所表示的动作与谓语动作同时存在或同时发生，那么用一般式(即doing)；如果动词-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前那么用完成式(即having done)。V-ing 形式在句中修饰主句的谓语动词，说明句中谓语动词所处的状态，它是主句主语动作的一局部。与主句谓语表示的动作几乎
24、是同时发生的，可以表示时间、原因、伴随、结果等。 值得一提的是：当从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之前，那么应用其完成式的 V-ing 短语 having been done 。 一 . V-ing 形式表示时间 1. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clear up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 析：句意为“当河流受到严重污染时，现在要清理它已经为时过晚了。很明显，“污染在前，
25、“清理河流在后，应用 suffer 的完成式，应选 A 项。 2. _a reply, he decided to wait again. A. No receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 析：在 V-ing 形式的否认式中，否认词 no 、 not 或 never 应置于其前面，不能置于其后面，因此 B 、 D 项不能选，从句意来看，“未收到答案在前，“决心等待在后。应选 C 项。 二 . V-ing 形式表示原因 3. _ anything about the accident, h
26、e went to work as usual. A. Not known B. Known not C. Known not D. Not knowing 析：答案为 D 项，全句实际为 Because he didnt know anything about 的缩略形式。 4. _ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not known 析：答案是 A 项。 三
27、 . V-ing 形式表示伴随情况 5. “ Cant you read? Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily point 析： A 项为正确答案，根据语法知识 B 、 C 、 D 三项都不能选。 四 . V-ing 形式表示结果 6. European football is played in 80 countries _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B
28、. makes C. made D. to make 析： making it 其形式相当于定语从句 which makes it the most popular sport in the world 的简化形式。故 A 项为正确答案。【练习】. 选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。 1. _ many times, he finally understood it.A. ToldB. TellingC. Having been toldD. Having told 2. _ to reach them on the phone, we sent an e-mail instead. A. Fa
29、ilB. FailedC. To failD. Having failed 3. When we visited my hometown, memory came _ back. A. flooding B. to flood C. flood D. flooded 4. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was sitting on the bicycle _ to balance it. A. having triedB. tryingC. to tryD. tried 5. _ their hats into the air, the fans of
30、the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.A. To throwB. ThrowingC. ThrownD. Being thrown 6. _ at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. (, 卷)A. LookingB. LookC. To lookD. Looked 7. The lady walked around the shops, _ an eye out for bargains. (, 卷)A. keep B. kept C. keep
31、ing D. to keep 8. _ the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. (, 卷)A. ApproachingB. ApproachedC. To approachD. To be approached 9. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, _ the students to return to their classrooms. (,
32、 卷)A. enabling B. having enabledC. to enable D. to have enabled10. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, _ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. (, 卷) A. sendingB. to sendC. having sentD. to have sent. 根据括号内的提示，用动词-ing形式完成以下句子。 1. _(穿过) the park, we saw a fine flo
33、wer show. (walk) 2. _(重达近50公斤), the stone was moved by him. (weigh) 3. The storm left, _(造成很大损失) to this area. (cause) 4. She worked late into the night, _(准备一份演讲稿) for the president. (prepare) 5. _(从看) the top of the hill, you can get a wonderful view of the whole city. (see) 6. _(和一起生活) the man fo
34、r 3 years, we all know him very well. (live) 7. _(对待人们) kindly, youll make many good friends.treat 8. _(不知道) his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. (know) Key: .15 CDABB610 ACAAA.1. Walking through 2. Weighing almost 50 kilograms 3. causing a lot of damage 4. prepa
35、ring a speech5. Seeing from 6. Having lived with7. Treating people 8. Not knowing四、单元自测第一节 单项选择1.You will be successful in the interview _ you have confidence.A. before B once C .until D. though2.I like getting up very early in summer ,The morning air is so good _A. to be breathedB. to breathe C. br
36、eathing D. being breathed3.Jumping out of _airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _ Exciting experienceA. / ; the B./ ; an C. an ; an D. the ; the 4._ in his study , he didnt know that all the others had leftA. Buring B. Buried C. Buried himself D. He buried5 I agree with most of what you said , but
37、 I dont agree with_A. anything B. something C. everything D .nothing6._ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are Making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What7. He had his left leg_ when trying to save one of his working mates From the fall of a wallA. destroyed B. wounded C.
38、 injured D. ruined8.Although the working mother is very busy , she still _ a lot of time to Children . A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides9.-Are you happy with your new computer? -No, it is _me a lot of trouble.A. showing B. leaving C. giving D. sparing10. After the traffic accident, no one _
39、except a few people who were Badly injured. A. survive B. survived C .was survived D. was surviving11. Please put the bike _ it belongs after you have used it.A. where B. to which C. what D. that12.One of the young mans paintings has been_ by some experts of the Art Field. A. high thought of B. well
40、 thought of C. highly thought D. good thought13. Mary never does any reading in the eveningA. so does John B. John does too C. John doesnt D. nor does John14.The employee you had been thinking highly _dishonest A. of proving B .of proved C. of to prove D. of being proved15 -Did Jack _having taken so
41、me books without telling anybody? -Yes, he did. He said he took three booksA. imagine B. allow C. attempt D. admit第二节完形填空共20小题，每题1.5分；总分值30分阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The professors house，big and untidy，stood alone at one end of a huge garden. The place was totally unc
42、ared for，quite 1 and overgrown with all sorts of useless things. I 2 my way through bushes and tall weeds to the front door and rang the bell.I was glad that I had found him. In twenty minutes he 3 me right on all the 4 that had puzzled me. I was on the 5 of leaving when I looked out of his study wi
43、ndow and said，“Youre very fond of gardening，I see.“No，Im not， he said.“ 6 ，I love this garden，though. Its 7 I always wanted it to be. I never touch it at all.“It could be made lovely. It 8 a pity to let all this ground go to waste. But perhaps you dont 9 that way? said I. “I dont. I lived here when I was a child，and I had 10 of gardening then. It was my fathers hobby，you see. Unfortunately，he wasnt 11 enough to do it himself. My brother and I did all of it between us year after year. There was one right way and many wrong ways. Each blade叶片 of grass was an enemy to be 12 by hand, not just