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2018高考全国Ⅱ卷英语试卷答案及解析
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英语
本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷
注意事项：
1. 答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号写在本试卷和答题卡相应位置上。
2. 选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Summer Activities
Students should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/carers will be asked to sign to confirm their child’s choices.
Activity
Description
Member of staff
Cost
Outdoor Adventure(OUT)
Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week, discover new personal qualities, and learn new skills. You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor. Learn rock climbing and work as a team, and enjoy the great outdoor environment.
Mr. Clemens
140
WWI Battlefields and Paris(WBP)
On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London, we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefields. On Day 3 we cross into Belgium. Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. Our final day, Friday, sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights.
Mrs. Wilson
425
Crafty Foxes(CRF)
Four days of product design centred around textiles. Making lovely objects using recycled and made materials. Bags, cushions and decorations… Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual textiles.
Mrs. Goode
30
Potty
about Potter(POT)
Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in Streatley-on-Thames, guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations, picnic lunch outside Oxford’s Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks, before heading back to Exeter.
Miss Drake
150
21. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?
A. OUT B. WBP C. CRF D. POT
22. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs Wilson?
A. Travel to London. B. See a parade and fireworks.
C. Tour central Paris. D. Visit the WWI battlefields.
23. How long does Potty about Potter last?
A. Two days. B. Four days. C. Five days. D. One week.
文体：应用文
主题：文章主要提供给了孩子们四种不同类型的夏日活动以及相关具体信息。
21. 答案： A
细节题
解析：根据题干中关键信息go camping 定位到文中第一个表格OUT中内容：
You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor. 可知答案选A
22. 答案： D
细节题
解析：根据题干中Mrs. Wilson 以及Tuesday 这两个关键信息定位到第二个表格中内容： We travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefield. 此处的第二天指的就是题干中的Tuesday，可知答案选D。
23. 答案： A
细节题
解析： 根据题干中关键细节Potty about Potter可将定位到文中第四个表格第二排信息： Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in Streatley-on-Thames . 其中overnight 是 过一夜 的意思，因此可以得知Potty about Potter应该会持续两天，可知答案选A。
B
Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.
Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.
When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.
If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a childrens party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?
A. They contain protein. B. They are high in vitamin A.
C. They have a pleasant taste D. They are rich in antioxidants.
25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?
A. To make them smell better. B. To keep their colour.
C. To speed up their ripening. D. To improve their nutrition.
26. What is “a juicer “in the last paragraph?
A. A dessert. B. A drink.
C. A container. D. A machine.
27. From which is the text probably taken?
A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine.
C. A research paper. D. A travel brochure.
【解析】
24. 答案C
推测题
解析：在第二段最后说了As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares?…与之相对应答案应为C选项。
25. 答案B
细节题
解析：根据题干中的关键词fresh lemon juice定位到第三段中的if you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. 可知目的是为了防止香蕉变色。
26. 答案D
推测题
解析：定位至最后一段，由feed in frozen bananas可知juicer是可以装香蕉的东西，再看到下一句，关键动词out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert可知该容器可把香蕉变成一个甜品，所以功能强大，选machine机器最恰当。
27. 答案B
推断题
解析：该文中心词是fruit，第二段讲了一些水果的营养成分，第三段则讲述如何做出美味的水果甜点，所以不应该是跟biology“生物”，research“研究”以及travel“旅行”这三个话题相关，故选B，与health“健康”息息相关。
C
Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.
While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.
According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘ hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”
The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2-8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.
When it comes to technology and reading the report does little to counsel(建议)parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.
The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.
As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom (逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.
28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?
A. Childrens reading habits B. Quality of children’s books
C. Children’s after-class activities D. Parent-child relationships
29. Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”?
A. In paragraph 2 B. In paragraph 3
C. In paragraph 4 D. In paragraph 5
30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?
A. E-books are of poor quality B. It could be a waste of time.
C. It may harm childrens health. D. E-readers are expensive.
31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?
A. Act as role models for them B. Ask them to write book reports
C. Set up reading groups for them D. Talk with their reading class teachers
【解析】
28.答案A
细节题
根据文章第一段的第一句话可知Common Sense Media报道的是关于青少年阅读乐趣大大减少，这里只有A选项是关于阅读的，故选A。
29.答案B
细节题
从文章中能够找到最好的数据支撑的内容应是在第三段，当中明确指出“说自己阅读基本不是因为乐趣的比例从1984年的8%到9%上升到今天的22%到27%”，由此可以看出孩子们的阅读乐趣大大减少。
30.答案C
从文中第五段的最后一句可知“许多父母仍然限制电子阅读，主要因为担心增加的屏幕时间。”所谓的屏幕时间也就是对长时间面对电子屏幕的时间，即对于健康的影响。故选C。
31.答案A
从文章的倒数第二段的第一句中的关键词“serving as examples”和“important guides”，以及第二句“数据显示经常阅读的孩子，和不经常阅读的比起来有家里有更多的书，有更多为他们买的书，家长们更多的阅读也留出阅读时间给孩子们。”可知家长们应该作为他们的榜样来培养他们多读书。
D
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane,surrounded by people who are, like us,deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers,consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t event exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,” he explains, “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,” says Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.
32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?
A. Addition to smartphones.
B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.
C. Absence of communication between strangers.
D. Impatience with slow service.
33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?
A. Showing good manners.
B. Relating to other people.
C. Focusing on a topic.
D. Making business deals.
34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?
A. It improves family relationships.
B. It raises people’s confidence.
C. It matters as much as a formal talk.
D. It makes people feel good.
35. What is the best tittle for the text?
A. Conversation Counts.
B. Ways of Making Small Talk
C. Benefits of Small Talk
D. Uncomfortable Silence
【解析】
32. 答案C
细节题
解析：根据题干的关键词“first paragraph”定位到文章的第一段，根据内容surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence ,表达含义是：围绕着一些，就像我们这样的，专注手机的人或者更为糟糕的是在这种令人不舒服的寂静中挣扎，所以选项C正确。
33. 答案B
细节题
解析：根据题干的关键词“successful small talk 和Carducci” 定位到文章的第三段Carducci所说的三句话，分别是small talk is the grease for successful communication; almost every great love story and each big business deal begin with small talk; 最核心的句子是最后一句：The key to successful talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them. 表达含义是：成功谈话的关键是学会如何和别人产生联系而不仅仅是和他们交流，所以选项B正确。
34. 答案D
细节题
解析：根据题干的关键词“coffee-shop study” 定位到文章的第四段第一句末尾，根据两组对比产生的结果：The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. 表达含义是：结果显示这些和服务员闲聊的人都会报告说有更积极的感受和更好的咖啡店的体验，所以选项D正确。
35. 答案C
主旨题
解析：根据题干的关键词“best title”得知这是一道主旨大意题，所以这道题只有纵观全文，当然可以借助前面两道题的题干知道文章关键词就是“small talk”，所以锁定B和C项，再结合文章大意得知文章重点描述：小对话的好处而非如何进行小对话，所以选项C正确。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives， it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 37
Your metabolism（新陈代谢） gets a head start. 38 If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited
40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A. You will stick to your diet.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.
C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
【解析】
文体：说明文
主题：晨炼给人带来的额外好处。
答案：GEFBA
36. G
首段设空，引出文章中心。空前If条件句提示，所以设空处对应之前If条件句，7个选项中只有G项是If条件句
37. E
小标题意思‘生产力提升’，紧接着makes you more awake ，7个选项中符合同义表达的只有E项 keep your head clear , 保持头脑清醒
38. F
小标题提到新陈代谢，设空处后文又提到 get the calorie burning benefits , 7个选项中符合同义表达的只有F项，continue to burn calories 持续燃烧卡路里
39. B
小标题设空，后文提到people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening , 7个选项中跟睡眠质量相关，又能做小标题的只有B项
40. A
小标题设空，后文提到 you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day , 7个选项中跟坚持选择吃健康食物相关，又能做小标题的只有A项, stick to your diet。C项干扰，小标题核心是stick to , 而不是 prefer A to B
第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Two weeks earlier,my son, Ben, had got in touch. He’d moved to England with his mum when he wa
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