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1、|绝密启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英 语（北京卷）本试卷共14页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。学&科网第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例： Its so nice to hear from her again. _, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. Whats moreB. Thats to
2、sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。1. Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around.Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just _ on Monday.A. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started2. _ we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A. AlthoughB. WhileC. I
3、fD. Until3. _ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.A. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked5. She and
4、 her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC. asD. that6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. shareB. to shareC. having sharedD. shared7. Chinas high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilomet
5、ers in the past few years.A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown8. In any unsafe situation, simply _ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A. pressB. to pressC. pressingD. pressed9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains
6、 for two days.A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped10. Ordinary soap, _ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use11. Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.A. howB. whenC. whereD. why12. In todays information age, the loss
7、of data _ cause serious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must13. They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven14. Good morning, Mr. Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afte
8、rnoon.A. forB. onC. inD. at15. This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The Homeless HeroFor many, finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash
9、 would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）. But the 16 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 17 more remarkable.After spotting a 18 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he st
10、ood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 19 to return.After hours in the cold and wet, he 20 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver, only to 21 it contained 400 in notes, with another 50 in spare change beside it.He then took the wa
11、llet to a nearby police station after 22 a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the cars owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the carwhich was itself worth 35, 000in Glasgow city centre, they were 23 to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen
12、told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was 24 .The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his 25 .Mr. Anderson said: I couldnt believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight 26 he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. Thi
13、s guy has nothing and 27 he didnt take the wallet for himself；he thought about others 28 . Its unbelievable. It just proves there are 29 guys out there.Mr. Smiths act 30 much of the publics attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson 31 about the act of kindness on Faceb
14、ook.zxxkNow Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to 32 money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received 8,000. I think the faith that everyone has shown 33 him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; hes had job 34 and all sort
15、s, Mr. Anderson commented.For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing 35 . The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.16. A. hopeB. aimC. urgeD. effort17. A. stillB. evenC. everD. once18. A. walletB. bagC. boxD. parcel19. A. partnerB. colleagueC. ownerD. policeman20. A. tu
16、rnedB. hidC. steppedD. reached21. A. discoverB. collectC. checkD. believe22. A. takingB. leavingC. readingD. writing23. A. satisfiedB. excitedC. amusedD. shocked24. A. safeB. missingC. foundD. seen25. A. serviceB. supportC. kindnessD. encouragement26. A. whenB. ifC. whereD. because27. A. ratherB. ye
17、tC. alreadyD. just28. A. tooB. thoughC. againD. instead29. A. honestB. politeC. richD. generous30. A. gaveB. paidC. castD. drew31. A. learnedB. postedC. caredD. heard32. A. borrowB. raiseC. saveD. earn33. A. of B. at C. forD. in34. A. detailsB. changesC. offersD. applications35. A. lessonB. adventur
18、eC. chanceD. challenge第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，40分)第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMy First Marathon（马拉松）A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ah
19、ead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didnt do either well. He later informed me that I was not athletic.The idea that I was not athletic stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realiz
20、ed running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prov
21、e something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the cours
22、e walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And
23、I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. zxxkDetermined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a marathon winner.36.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor _.A.waswelltrainedB.feltscared C.madeuphis
24、mindtorunD.losthope37.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.D.Toshareapreciousmemory.38.Howwastheauthorsfirstmarathon?A.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.C.Hegotthefirstprize.D.Hewalkedtotheend.
25、39.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn. BFind Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空) CenterIf youre looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) i
26、s the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wantin
27、g to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what theyre studying in the classroom.For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they buil
28、d and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱
29、学*科网) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of downed pilot.With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leader
30、ship and being part of a bigger task.All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a week there is something here for everyone!For more details, please visit us onli
31、ne at .40. Why do people come to SAC?A. To experience adventures.B. To look for jobs in aviation.C. To get a degree in engineering.D. To learn more about medicine.41. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to .A. fly to spaceB. get an Aviation badge firstC. study the principles of flight
32、D. build and fire model rockets42. What is the most important for trainees?A. Leadership.B. Team spirit.C. Task planning.D. Survival skills.CPlastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million ton
33、s pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plas
34、tics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into pa
35、ste(糊状物学科.网) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms ability to break down
36、 their everyday food beeswax also allows them to break down plastic. Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, she explains, The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University
37、of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an
38、 enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown on top
39、 of the plastic.43. What can we learn about the worms in the study?A. They take plastics as their everyday food.B. They are newly evolved creatures.C. They can consume plastics.D. They wind up in landfills.44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .A. identify other means o
40、f the breakdownB. find out the source of the enzymeC. confirm the research findingsD. increase the breakdown speed45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .A. help to raise wormsB. help make plastic bagsC. be used to clean the oceansD. be produced in factories in future
41、46. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain a study method on worms.B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.C. To present a way to break down plastics.D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.DPreparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robot cars has often see
42、med like a futurists dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to se
43、ll or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isnt leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. Its hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But h
44、owever long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers als
45、o should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy or even worsen the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because th